vagabonds

by speaking sharply, though decently, to them, and by that he discovered their spirit and presence of mind

begot

with a great slaughter of the poor people that were engaged in it.

Flanders

impracticable

Louvain

Chester

Archdeacon

. 

Greek studies from Italy

Canterbury

hair shirt

It was no ill simile by which Plato set forth the unreasonableness of a philosopher’s meddling with government.  ‘If a man,’ says he, ‘were to see a great company run out every day into the rain and take delight in being wet—if he knew that it would be to no purpose for him to go and persuade them to return to their houses in order to avoid the storm, and that all that could be expected by his going to speak to them would be that he himself should be as wet as they, it would be best for him to keep within doors, and, since he had not influence enough to correct other people’s folly, to take care to preserve himself.

No doubt, very deaf

he would rather govern rich men than be rich himself; since for one man to abound in wealth and pleasure when all about him are mourning and groaning, is to be a gaoler and not a king

He is an unskilful physician that cannot cure one disease without casting his patient into another. 

Who quarrel more than beggars?

I earnestly beg you would describe that island very particularly to us

first and dine

—

Let him live upon what belongs to him without wronging others, and accommodate his expense to his revenue.  Let him punish crimes, and, by his wise conduct, let him endeavour to prevent them, rather than be severe when he has suffered them to be too common.  Let him not rashly revive laws that are abrogated by disuse, especially if they have been long forgotten and never wanted.  And let him never take any penalty for the breach of them to which a judge would not give way in a private man

never to have at once above a thousand pounds of gold in his treasures, or so much silver as is equal to that in value.  This law, they tell us, was made by an excellent king who had more regard to the riches of his country than to his own wealth, and therefore provided against the heaping up of so much treasure as might impoverish the people. 

Macarians

Their friends are allowed to give them either meat, drink, or clothes, so they are of their proper colour; but it is death, both to the giver and taker, if they give them money; nor is it less penal for any freeman to take money from them upon any account whatsoever: and it is also death for any of these slaves (so they are called) to handle arms.  Those of every division of the country are distinguished by a peculiar mark, which it is capital for them to lay aside, to go out of their bounds, or to talk with a slave of another jurisdiction, and the very attempt of an escape is no less penal than an escape itself.

prerogative

transgress

antiquated

pretence

To this I would add that after all those warlike attempts, the vast confusions, and the consumption both of treasure and of people that must follow them, perhaps upon some misfortune they might be forced to throw up all at last

they by joint counsels made an humble address to their king, desiring him to choose which of the two kingdoms he had the greatest mind to keep, since he could not hold both; for they were too great a people to be governed by a divided king

Achorians

fermentation

pretension

avowedly

scoundrel

Elisha

zeal

copiously

but if their government is the best, and their religion the truest, then they pray that He may fortify them in it, and bring all the world both to the same rules of life, and to the same opinions concerning Himself, unless, according to the unsearchableness of His mind, He is pleased with a variety of religions. 

suppose the sheep should increase ever so much, their price is not likely to fall; since, though they cannot be called a monopoly

therefore eat flesh so much the more willingly, as they find that by this means they are the more able to work:

avarice

Father of All,

before they could gain the day, they will rather let their enemies all escape than pursue them when their own army is in disorder

take so severe a revenge on those that have injured t

detest

hey are really more troubled for the crimes they have committed than for the miseries they suffer,

dolefully

There are many things that in themselves have nothing that is truly delightful; on the contrary, they have a good deal of bitterness in them; and yet, from our perverse appetites after forbidden objects, are not only ranked among the pleasures, but are made even the greatest designs, of life.

vexed

but if any man goes out of the city to which he belongs without leave, and is found rambling without a passport, he is severely treated, he is punished as a fugitive, and sent home disgracefully; and, if he falls again into the like fault, is condemned to slavery. 

No family may have less than ten and more than sixteen persons in it, but there can be no determined number for the children under age; this rule is easily observed by removing some of the children of a more fruitful couple to any other family that does not abound so much in them.  By the same rule they supply cities that do not increase so fast from others that breed faster; and

d these are all of one colour, and that is the natural colour of the wool.  As they need less woollen cloth than is used anywhere else, so that which they make use of is much less costly; they use linen cloth more, but that is prepared with less labour, and they value cloth only by the whiteness of the linen or the cleanness of the wool, without much regard to the fineness of the thread.  While in other places four or five upper garments of woollen cloth of different colours, and as many vests of silk, will scarce serve one man,

languish

mettle

which cannot be obtained so long as there is property,

reproach

restitution

; for if you suffer your people to be ill-educated, and their manners to be corrupted from their infancy, and then punish them for those crimes to which their first education disposed them, what else is to be concluded from this but that you first make thieves and then punish them?’

for your learning and knowledge, both of men and things, is such, that you would not only entertain them very pleasantly, but be of great use to them, by the examples you could set before them, and the advices you could give them; and by this means you would both serve your own interest, and be of great use to all your friends.”  “

The patron used, afterwards, his wealth or influence in helping his young client forward in the world. 

The change of the word,” said he, “does not alter the matter.

abounded

disband

incessantly

but that they would willingly do it; many of them have already done it by their books, if those that are in power would but hearken to their good advice.

your friend Plato thinks that nations will be happy when either philosophers become kings or kings become philosophers.

for God having taken from us the right of disposing either of our own or of other people’s lives, if it is pretended that the mutual consent of men in making laws can authorise man-slaughter in cases in which God has given us no example, that it frees people from the obligation of the divine law, and so makes murder a lawful action, what is this, but to give a preference to human laws before the divine?

if he is convicted of theft as if he were guilty of murder, this will naturally incite him to kill the person whom otherwise he would only have robbed

no punishment, how severe soever, being able to restrain those from robbing who can find out no other way of livelihood.

simple theft not being so great a crime that it ought to cost a man his life

entering into the garden, sat down on a green bank

confutation

amiss

thieves, ‘who,’ as he said, ‘were then hanged so fast

For most princes apply themselves more to affairs of war than to the useful arts of peace; and in these I neither have any knowledge, nor do I much desire it; they are generally more set on acquiring new kingdoms, right or wrong, than on governing well those they possess

Utopians

we made no inquiries after monsters

thence

Utopia

Raphael

Hythloday

civility

who seemed past the flower of his age; his face was tanned, he had a long beard, and his cloak was hanging carelessly about him, so that, by his looks and habit, I concluded he was a seaman

“As for my friends,” answered he, “I need not be much concerned, having already done for them all that was incumbent on me; for when I was not only in good health, but fresh and young, I distributed that among my kindred and friends which other people do not part with till they are old and sick: when they then unwillingly give that which they can enjoy no longer themselves.  I think my friends ought to rest contented with this, and not to expect that for their sakes I should enslave myself to any king whatsoever.

dismally

insinuated

New Castile

discoursing

if you knew the man, for there is none alive that can give so copious an account of unknown nations and countries as he can do, which I know you very much desire.

eloquent

Margrave

Cuthbert Tonstal

Book I

elder sister

knighted

Amerigo Vespucci

Antwerp

Peter Giles

communism

Plutarch

Plato’s “Republic,

Erasmus

Cuthbert Tunstal

Usurpation

Archbishop Morton

College of Physicians

Thomas Linacre

William Grocyn

Canterbury College, Oxford

Tower

Richard III

Cardinal John Morton

King’s Bench

Sir Thomas More

Sir Thomas More

And ouer all a blacke stole she did throw

more white then snow,

To winne him worship, and her grace to haue, Which of all earthly things he most did craue; And euer as he rode, his hart did earne To proue his puissance in battell braue Vpon his foe, and his new force to learne; Vpon his foe, a Dragon horrible and stearne.

liuing euer

Y cladd in mightie armes and siluer shielde, Wherein old dints of deepe wounds did remaine, The cruell markes of many’ a bloudy fielde; Yet armes till that time did he neuer wield:

KNIGHT OF THE RED CROSSE, OR OF HOLINESSE.

FAERIE QVEENE.

Yet I know when God’s Bible was banished the Court, and ” Morte Arthur ” received into the prince’s chamber.

For ill doings breed ill thinkings. And of corrupted manners spring perverted judgments.

circumspect

anity and vice and any licence to ill living in England was counted stale and rude unto them. And so, being mules and horses before they went, returned very swine and asses home again

, this number, this person, this degree, this gender; he would have used this mood, this tense, this simple rather than this compound; this adverb here,

et the master praise him, and say, Here you do well.

doubteth

construe

ork a true choice and placing of words, a right ordering of sentences, an easy understanding of the tongue,

scholes,

Papist

man’s will, man’s mind

become devils in life and condition.

mar

factious

Inglese Italianato e un didbolo inoarnato

Yanity and vice

.

Epistles of Cicero

Yet I know when God’s Bible was banished the Court, and ” Morte Arthur ” received into the prince’s chamber.

Morte Arthur,

the mind is soon drawn from truth to false opinion.

opinions be the works of the flesh and fruits of sin.

Ten sermons at Paul’s Cross do not so much good for moving men to true doctrine as one of those books do harm with enticing men to ill living.

should carry at once in one body the belly of a swine, the head of an ass, the brain of a fox, the womb of a wolf.

eschew

Let your scholar be never afraid to ask you any doubt

‘Tully would have used such a word, not this; Tully would have placed this word here, not there

Yet I know when God’s Bible was banished the Court, and ” Morte Arthur ” received into the prince’s chamber.

few books were read in our tongue, saving certain books of chivalry, as they said, for pastime and pleasure, which, as some were made in monasteries by idle monks or wanton canons: as one, for example, ” Morte Arthur,” the whole pleasure of which book standeth in two special points in open manslaughter and bold bawdry. In which book those be counted the noblest knights that do kill most men without any quarrel, and commit foulest adulteries by subtlest shifts

praise him, and say, Here you do well

Blessed be all they that counselled me to take it! And now, friends, let us go without longer respite; I thank God that ye have tarried so long. Now set each of you on this rod your hand, And shortly follow me: I go before, there I would be; God be our guide.

O glorious fountain that all uncleanness doth clarify, Wash from me the spots of vices unclean, That on me no sin may be seen; I come with Knowledge for my redemption, Repent with hearty and full contrition; For I am commanded a pilgrimage to take, And great accounts before God to make. Now, I pray you, Shrift, mother of salvation, Help my good deeds for my piteous exclamation. Confession. I know your sorrow well, Everyman; Because with Knowledge ye come to me, I will you comfort as well as I can, And a precious jewel I will give thee, Called penance,

For thou mayst say this is the day That no man living may scape away.

And am wholly content with this good thing; Thanked be God my Creator.

.

gramercy.

alms

Living without dread in worldly prosperity: Of ghostly sight the people be so blind,

For ye shall hear, how our heaven king Calleth Everyman to a general reckoning: Give audience, and hear what he doth say.

Go thou to Everyman, And show him in my name A pilgrimage he must on him take, Which he in no wise may escape;

Five-wits. I trust to God no such may we find; Therefore let us priesthood honour,

Sinful priests giveth the sinners example bad; Their children sitteth by other men’s fires, I have heard; And some haunteth women’s company, With unclean life, as lusts of lechery These be with sin made blind.

My body sore punished shall be: Take this body for the sin of the flesh;

As, to the poor give part of me, Then shouldst thou not in this dolour be, Nor in this great sorrow and care.

For my love is contrary to the love everlasting. But if thou had me loved moderately during,

Yea, a thousand pound shalt thou have, And defer this matter till another day.

God. Go thou to Everyman, And show him in my name A pilgrimage he must on him take, Which he in no wise may escape; And that he bring with him a sure reckoning Without delay or any tarrying.

How that all creatures be to me unkind, Living without dread in worldly prosperity:

Ye think sin in the beginning full sweet, Which in the end causeth thy soul to weep,

transitory

That of our lives and ending shows How transitory we be all day.

seven deadly sins

TREATISE

Doctor.

Take example, all ye that this do hear or see, How they that I loved best do forsake me, Except my Good-Deeds that bideth truly.

 In faith, I care not;

Sinful priests giveth the sinners example bad;

I pray God reward you in his heavenly sphere. Now hearken, all that be here,

We will bring him all thither, To his help and comfort, ye may believe me.

hither?

Messenger. I pray you all give your audience, And hear this matter with reverence, By figure a moral play– The Summoning of Everyman called it is, That of our lives and ending shows How transitory we be all day. This matter is wondrous precious, But the intent of it is more gracious, And sweet to bear away.

.

commendo spiritum meum

In manus tuas

I thank God, now I can walk and go; And am delivered of my sickness and woe.

Everyman. Why, is there anything on you fall? Good-Deeds. Yea, sir, I may thank you of all; If ye had perfectly cheered me, Your book of account now full ready had be. Look, the books of your works and deeds eke; Oh, see how they lie under the feet, To your soul’s heaviness. Everyman. Our Lord Jesus, help me! For one letter here I can not see. Good-Deeds. There is a blind reckoning in time of distress!

dolour

I have the cramp in my toe

liefer

For Adam’s sin must die of nature.

the tide abideth no man

Everyman, it may not be by no way; I set not by gold, silver, nor riches, Ne by pope, emperor, king, duke, ne princes. For and I would receive gifts great, All the world I might get; But my custom is clean contrary. I give thee no respite: come hence, and not tarry.

O Death, thou comest when I had thee least in mind; In thy power it lieth me to save, Yet of my good will I give thee, if ye will be kind, Yea, a thousand pound shalt thou have, And defer this matter till another day.

Now is your Good-Deeds whole and sound, Going upright upon the ground.

bequeath