a large satellite image of the country, with its bust bowls, deep valleys and steep mountains

THEY eschew greed and temptation at all turns

Source: Hu and Nation - seems to contradict "context clue" argument for uncovering new vocab. This may work if 98% is already there. May still be dark for jargon and technical terms.

A junior officer of arms

A petty officer of justice

Attire

Reduced

A further damaging event following a supposedly closed affair.

God

Satan

A practice known as simony.

Perhaps alluding to Mary, Queen of Scots, executed in 1587 for allegedly plotting treason against Elizabeth I.

Tusks

Civil

Taken

Why

Old England seems to be using the royal "we."

Grave

High fever

Art thou

Momentous; a big deal

Would have

A makeshift fortification or defense.

To be carried (elsewhere)

Light muskets or firelocks

Detours

Cause

Would have

People from Algeria

Baize, a coarse woolen cloth now commonly used on billiard tables.

Galenic theories of medicine proposed that illness was caused by a disproportionate quantity of bad humors in the body, which could be drained by bloodletting.

Would have

Would have

Make his financial situation tight

Spanish fishing boat

Outer extremity of a yard or shipyard

The uppermost cabin in the stern of the ship

Assistants

Well behaved

Crest

Would have

Transport them inland, closer to the voices

It was no use

Halloaing, calling

Hoist a particular flag up the mast to signal the boat to return.

Break up, dismantle

Stewards; caretakers

Removed all traces of

Copious

Out of

Adolescent (~2 years)

Of little consequence; extraneous information

Bade/bid

Eagerly

To prepare a loaded gun for firing by raising the hammer (cocking) and aiming it (presenting)

Edge

Even if

He took a mile-long detour to the right-hand side ("compass" here refers to a circuitous route, not a navigation tool)

Float

Turned downwind

A long spar running from different places in the ship to the base of a mast

Chose

Swords

Thin, narrow strips of wood used to form a groundwork upon which to fasten the slates of a roof

Reveal

Demonstrated

The butt of a gun

Placed

A bird with a long, curved bill.

An official on a merchant ship responsible for overseeing the cargo and its sale.

Alluding to Adam and Eve's consumption of the forbidden fruit, termed "original sin" in the Christian tradition.

Heeled shoes

The process of glazing involves tumbling the gunpowder grains in revolving drums with graphite, to smooth them and make them water resistant.

Drawer, especially for holding money

Candied fruit

Medicinal concoctions

Bowsprit; a large spar or beam extending forth from the front of a ship

Nearest

Experienced these emotions

Waive, set aside

Fortunate

Most careful

Providence decreed otherwise

Narrow opening

Made from mutton fat

Dry rags or some other fuel, to catch the spark from the flint.

A box containing flint and steel for striking a light to make fire

Conversation or communication (of spirits with humans)

Happened upon them accidentally

Arrangement or organization; setting forth

Spyglasses

Small lead pellets - so called, of course, because a fowling piece is ordinarily used to shoot birds

A handful of musket balls

Ambush

would have

Plan or scheme

Cutlasses (a sailor's sword with a curved blade)

Lest

Physically separated

Here alluding to the cockpit of a ship, or the part of the helm where the steering wheel is

A spyglass, or sailor's telescope

Temperament

Prayer or supplication

A variety of Eurasian willows

Startle

Monstrous imagining (more literally, a monster in Greek mythology, with a lion's head, a goat's body, and a serpent's tail)

Checkerboard

Arrived at

A stone's throw, or a very short distance

Supply or storehouse

A cushion forming part of the inside fittings of a carriage

Mustachios

A long moustache, such as a Muslim man might have worn

A variation of the word "mulatto," here used to refer to brown skin

A loop attached to a belt, designed to hold a sword or bayonet

Cords

Long gaiters or leggings of leather, to keep boots and trousers from being spattered with mud

Calf-high or knee-high boots

Breeches or trousers

Feeble

Served my purpose

Crusoe's comical failure to anticipate that, the larger his enclosure is, the harder it will be to catch the goats inside

Small streams or rills

Foresight; planning or ingenuity

Grappling-iron

In Latin, literally "a thing which must be remembered"

Served the need

Contrived (ie. a makeshift waistcoat)

Neither had they failed

To flay or skin them

Lack

A square dozen, or 144 of something

Cook

Fuel

A downward slope, so that the boat might slide down into the water.

A small, flat-bottomed Caribbean boat similar to a canoe, but with a sail.

To remove the seed from the husk

In Britain, pudding can refer to a number of sweet and savory dishes, including desserts and various types of sausages made from entrails. Here, it refers to a sweetened bread.

Searce; another word for a sieve

Until

To make pastry

Small earthenware pots

Ground

To my liking

Threshing, or the process of separating the seeds of corn from the husks

A very large frame set with iron teeth that is dragged over arable land to break up clods of earth

A two-gallon loaf; Crusoe's crop is so small to begin with, that every grain the birds eat is a significant loss

Eagerly, gladly

A bottle with a square-shaped base, often used for gin

An imperial unit of dry volume, approximately 2 gallons

In this context, meaning humility, rather than embarrassment

Counted

Food generally, not necessarily restricted to animal's flesh

An imperial hundredweight, or about 112 lb

Alight

More than 56 lb (a full hundredweight is 112 lb)

Violent altercation

Crusoe will describe this predicament at greater length farther along in the narrative (i.e. "More about this later.")

Chicken's food; in this case, barley (referred to here sometimes as corn), which Crusoe realizes must have germinated and sprouted.

Wooden planks from which barrels are made.

A typical wooden barrel, consisting of vertical wooden staves bound with lateral metal hoops.

A roundlet, or, in wine-measure, a barrel holding about 48 gallons.

Fearful, apprehensive, or wary.

An open receptacle for carrying mortar, bricks, stones, or coal.

The cylindrical shaft running through the center of a wheel, upon which it pivots.

Shallow

Overturned

Storehouse

A tool like a pickax, with a blade at right angles to the handle.

Some subsequent editions misread this word as the intransitive verb "to work," printing the line as "I set my self to enlarge my Cave, and work farther into the Earth." However, the first edition treats it as a noun.

Crowbars

Economized or eked out, so they would last

Catholic

240 lb.

Had the explosive gunpowder caught fire from the lightning, Crusoe would ironically not have survived the explosion to have suffered harm at the hands of man or beast.

Radius

The cross-beams attached at right angles to the masts, from which the various sails hang

A large rope used in warping or mooring a ship

A large cask, or a quantity sufficient to fill a hogshead

Here not referring exclusively to an arsenal of weaponry, but more generally to Crusoe's store of provisions.

Eager

Crowbars

A stone on which to sharpen stone tools

A container for gunpowder, made from an ox or buffalo horn.

A kind of liqueur

Medicinal concoctions, often consisting of brandy or whiskey mixed with various spices.

Master of the ship

Ingenuity and determination (archaic usage)

The forward part of a ship below the main deck, usually the crew's living quarters.

One eighth of a mile, or 220 yards.