When you're first getting started with digital marketing, it's critical you start by identifying and defining your goals, since you'll craft your strategy differently depending on those goals.
Just comparing this back to the text, I don't think this is all that different from "traditional" marketing. It seems to me like goal definition, and strategy alignment are a significant part of any sort of marketing campaign. I think what makes it specifically complex is a lot of organizations have separate digital teams and it's important to have unified goals across the campaigns so that customers have a seamless experience.