255 Matching Annotations
  1. Feb 2021
    1. This influx was largely 18- to 25-year-old Gen Zers, but they've joined a large population of millennials who were already living at home. As of April, a record-breaking 32 million American adults were living with their parents or grandparents.

      Institution of family as social support network

    2. This seems to be playing out much differently than during the last recession, when home prices plummeted but rents did not.

      Curious. why?

    3. Part of the imbalance between home buying and selling, Tucker says, may be that sellers tend to be older — and with a pandemic still raging, many may not be eager to move and risk their health. Meanwhile, a large number of them are taking advantage of COVID-19 mortgage forbearance policies, which free them to not pay their mortgage during the crisis. "Still over 7% of active mortgages are in forbearance," Tucker says.

      Push-Pull factor for not selling homes -> housing shortage -> housing price boom (possible crisis looming).

    4. Many Americans — especially 30-somethings who remain employed — are ditching their tiny rental apartments in hip districts of expensive cities and moving to buy houses in more affordable cities or the burbs for a life of shopping at Home Depot and spending their Friday nights eating mozzarella sticks at Applebee's.

      Advantaged groups opting out of expensive urban settings for suburbs with equal (if not more appealing) amenities.

    5. Truckee is part of a trend that realtors and journalists are calling "Zoom towns," places that are booming as remote work takes off.

      The Pestilence Incursion of 2020 increased the appeal of these locations, catering especially to the tastes o those that do remote work (most likely white collar professionals).

    6. Truckee, Calif., is a mountain town just northwest of Lake Tahoe. It is sort of an outdoorsy paradise. It has great skiing, mountain biking and hiking opportunities, as well as a river and lakes. It also has some great restaurants and a budding art scene. And if you're a Bay Area resident in the market for a house, it has another thing going for it: It has a median home price that's roughly half that of San Francisco, about three hours away.

      Greatly cheaper housing with lots of amenities. Natural landscape appeal with "urban" facilities.

  2. Jan 2021
    1. Justice 173173can contribute to the alleviation of the ills of which we are all aware but for which a cure is hard to find

      A return to biblical view of justice as Zylstra has outlined is necessary to begin curing the illness of the deeply ingrained relationship between state and corporations at the expense of the people, nature, and all other spheres in society.

    2. The increase in the gross national product (GNP) has become the chief end of human life, in comparison with which every other cultural purpose is secondary.

      Economic output of industry, culture, and science as superseding all other "spheres".

    3. In our time the defense of liberalism and the pursuit of justice are distinctlyat odds. This conflict is one of the contributing factors to the disintegration of our society

      Zylstra is against "right of property" for its supreme status in modern ideals (neoliberalism?), and for its classist bias.

    4. A single right is never absolute. Rights must be correlative to duties; the realization of rights is the avenue for the expression of responsibilities. The rights of one person may not violate the rights of others. And the pursuit of one right should not occur at the expense of other rights. There must be a kind of simultaneity in the realization of human rights.

      Rights permit responsibility, rights must be mutually inclusive and mutually beneficial, or at least, not costly to another.

    5. On this basis we can say that a Christian conception of society is a conception of an open society, in which men and women have the right to reach out to God or to what they consider to be their final transcendent “value” to which they desire to render allegiance.

      Society as providing a space to achieve God's intended transcendent value.

    6. When I say that rights are founded in the fact that God createdhuman beings, I am in effect emphasizing that people are the image of God. Human rights are not founded in an inherent dignity of human personality, as humanism claims. Human rights are founded in a dignity that comes from the Creator.

      Human dignity as Imago Dei. Inherent not from itself, but because of Creator.

    7. A Christian conception of human rights finds its foundation in the created character of human life and in Christ's work of redemption. The redemptive work of Christ implies the restoration of human beings to their creaturely status as servants of God. Outside of Christ's redemptive work people have no rights. Because of Christ's redemptive work we are called to fight for the rights of all people, whether they are Christians or not.

      Salvation as restoration of human persons, thus, of justice. Justice includes all under Creation.

    8. Further, the relations among members within a non-state social structure are to be regulated by private law. Concretely, the relations among members of a family, of a local church congregation, of an industrial work community, of a university, are to be regulated by private communal law.

      "Private law". The state's limits begins when another institution begins, it seems.

    9. In view of this, I provisionally describe society as the horizontal complex of all of these human relationships inter-connecting with each in a particular culture. The many cross-currents between human beings and social structures in a modern metropolis is a good example of what I mean by society. A metropolis is a mini-society

      Society as the horizontal complex between human relationships. Personally very in favour of this definition as well.

    10. The use of the word “society” is somewhat dangerous, because it can be defined in a variety of ways. A measure of clarity is essential. Some thinkers define society as the sum total of human individuals living within a particular territory, along with the social groups that such individuals have voluntarily formed to pursue certain goals. This is the conception of individualism that holds that the individual person is that basic social entity. The opposite conception is universalism, which holds that society itself is the primary and basic and all-embracing unit, of which everything else is but a part.

      Society as sum of its individual parts and institutions or society as its own unit, with everything else being the complex components within.

    11. The fact that the power and authority of the state is subject to the power and authority of Jesus Christ means that the state must establish a social order where love between human beings is given a political shape

      Translation of divine norms into social justice: political shape of "loving". notably, this excludes any notion of theocratic tendencies.

    12. In sum, we have said that creatureliness is service. Further, that human creatures are to be servants-of-love, both to God and neighbor. Thirdly, that all specific divine norms ─ like justice and stewardship ─ are to be looked upon as expressions of love. We now see, fourthly, that the expressions of specific norms may well require certain organizations, like the state. Such organizations, fifthly, require a measure of power to achieve their tasks and offices

      From creatures of service, loving as service, justice as love, divine norms for social order as defining justice, and government for dispensation and organization of public justice.

    13. The notion of popular sovereignty in essence develops into the tyranny of the majority, or the tyranny of an elite that can effectively manipulate the electorate at the ballot box

      Democracy as "of the people" can be harmful to justice. Tyranny of the many or tyranny of the elite elctors, Zylstra proposes.

    14. That good is public justice

      Distinct from or subset of social justice, the justice that is ensured by the offices of the state.

    15. Political absolutism, ancient or modern, proceeds from the notion that the citizen exists for the good of the state. Paul argues the exact opposite: the state and its authorities exist for the good of the citizenry

      Government for the people, not citizens for the state.

    16. Moreover, authority must be exercised for the welfare of those subject to it. Paul sums the matter up very succinctly: the person in authority is "God's servant for your good" (Rom. 13:3ff)

      Authority is granted top-down by way of divien-t-human, but it's purpose is always to serve.

    17. Authority is office, that is, a channel for realization of divine norms in a social relationship. This means that “there is no authority except from God," who has established the norms that hold for human life.

      Bold claim about "divine norms". Norms that are intended to ensure the right order is human life.

    18. The, state arises in a society when the interrelationships between tribes and clans and cities within a particular territory require a central administration for the dispensation of justice.

      A clustering of people groups may demand something to keep the ordinance of social order. Thus, a state is established.

    19. 3. The earth could be used but not exploited. There is the notion abroad today that Christianity is responsible for the ecological crisis. Lynn White, for example, has stated that “Christianity...not only established a dualism of man and nature but also insisted that it is God's will that man exploit nature for his proper ends."2

      Justice for social spaces extend to the natural space. Humans are stewards of Creation, and ought not to exploit it to the point of destruction.

    20. 2. The blessings of the Lord to one person were looked upon as avenues of stewardship to those in need. In the light of what we said about justice in general it comes as no surprise that both in the laws of Moses and later in the books of the prophets the deprived persons weregiven special attention.

      The marginalized deserve special cocnern.

    21. Quite concretely this meant that four groups of needy persons are constantly singled out as the special recipients of justice and stewardship: the widows, aliens, the poor, and the orphans

      Most commonly marginalized people in the Bible.

    22. 1.To begin with, the Bible rejects the modern notion of private property. When the Psalmist sings, "The earth is the Lord's and the fulness thereof," he means what he says (Ps. 24: I). In effect, the Lord owns the earth; we can only inherit it from Him and use it, subject to certain conditions.

      God's ownership over all of Creation supercedes human privatization. All must be used to ensure everyone's needs are sufficed.

    23. 1Developing this idea, we may say that the norm of justice requires a social order in which people can express themselves as God's imagers. Said differently, the norm of justice requires social space for human personality. By personality I mean the human self whose calling lies in love of God and love of neighbor

      Justice requires the re-ordering of Creation towards God's original ordinance. For humans, this translates to a social space which allows God's images to love God and love others.

    24. For this reason the restoration of the human community in terms of the covenant between God and humanity implies the restoration of a just society.

      Consummation of redemption implies, perhaps include, societal justice restoration.

    25. God’s grace is not in conflict with, but and expression of, God’s justice.

      Grace and justice are not in tension, but grace eminates from justice, that is, the "right" connection.

    26. Someone has remarked that only a religion whose God is just can make a contribution to social justice, that is, to a "right" relation among people.

      Justice as relational; Religious merit on social justice is contingent upon the God's attributes.

    27. God’s kingdom means at least two things. First, it is the rule of the Lord over the entire creation by His Word. The kingdom of God is the Creator's constitutional order for every creature. In the second place, God's kingdom is the creation itself. The quality of life in the creation depends on the rapport between the order of the King and the obedience of His creatures. All creatures are God's servants and are subject to the King's rule.

      Dominion as Law (The Rule of the Lord), Land, and Citizen (Creation breathed out of God's Word).

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  3. Dec 2020
    1. If an individual has low trust levels towardsothers, then it is more likely that they will anticipate a negative response and thereforewould be reluctant to participate in the discussion. However, as earlier research hasalluded to (e.g. Zamith and Lewis2014), it is questionable whether this understandingis applicable to participation around online news

      Recall how low trust leads to high political engagement? Perhaps anonymity makes interpersonal interactions feel less personal and allow for more political boldness.

    2. For example, for journalists and newsorganisations, using “number of shares” as a metric for judging the “success” of an arti-cle may be misleading if a significant proportion of shares are motivated by low trustand surrounded by negative sentiment

      Sharing has a lot of reasons. Hostile sharing may still factor in to popularity.

    3. which explains why the effect of trust on participation is signifi-cant but small

      Trust in definitely related, but it is not the only factor.

    4. More specifically, those with low trust in the newsare more likely than those with moderate or high trust to engage in either sharing- orcommenting-type behaviour.

      Not only does low trust cause less consumption, it also leads to less engagement.

    5. It is, however, appropriate to be cautious about the direction of causality con-cerning low trust in the news media and the preference for non-mainstream newssources

      Low trust to non-mainstream or alternative views then low trust against "the big man"?

    6. if it is assumedthat news audiences make rational choice

      Assumption of rationality

    7. those with low trust in the news mediaare more likely to prefer non-mainstream news sources, and are more likely to engagein online news participation.

      Low trust effects.

    8. 69.4

      Curiously low mainstream engagement.

    9. Amore recent study focusing on news commenting in the United States found that theunderlying motivations are diverse, but included expressing an emotion or opinion, tak-ing part in the debate, educating others, fact-checking, and balancing discussions

      Reasons for public discourse, that is, engaging with the news.

    10. argued that those who distrust the newsmedia tend to seek additional information from partisan sources, leading to a polarisa-tion of public opinion that can be harmful to society. However, there has been littleempirical research into the impact of trust on news source selection.

      Moe distrust leads to echo-chambering, creating hostile partisanship. Not much research yet though.

    11. The internetprovides a platform where news consumers can find their own information, indepen-dent of institutions or news companies, compiling facts from various sources. This iscomplemented by social media, where users can also distribute news and form a publicdiscourse (Dutton2009)

      Less supervision, curation, or redaction of new stories.

    12. Therefore, low trustdoes simply equate to distrust. In other words, a high level of trust results in less uncer-tainty or risk associated with the trustee or the trusted information, and a low level oftrust is associated with greater uncertainty.

      Trust is confidence in "taking the risk" of using a media outlet as your news source.

    13. Matthes’ (2013) study confirmed that low-trust individuals tend not to participate andvoice themselves when confronted with a hostile opinion environment. However, thiswas only in cases when individuals had low levels of general social trust, and may notbe applicable when considering trust in specific institutions. For example, in the contextof political participation, those who have lower levels of trust tend to participateactively in the political discourse (Levi and Stoker2000)

      Low trust leads to low engagement interpersonally, fearing hostility from others. Lower trust actually increases engagement in politics, maybe because one hopes that through their participation, change can be made?

      This finding may be important when considering what effect political conflict or polarity has, and why media may be interested in it.

    14. If applied to news, consumers of information can trustthe source if they have both the ability and intention to deliver quality information. Putdifferently, “trust is a psychological state comprising the intention to accept vulnerabil-ity based upon positive expectations of the intentions or behaviour of another”

      To be a consumer of an outlet is to believe they have their best intention to inform. An openness of one's mind is necessary to allow to media to impute information.

    15. Although trust in the news has been declining in many countries for some time, theincrease in the amount of news available online has reignited concerns about decliningcredibility and news quality, and the potential harm to democracy that this might cause

      Why the research line for this is important. Lower quality journalism will most likely lead to a less functional democracy.

    16. Today, the reputation of the news organisa-tion is also considered important in determining the perceived credibility of the news

      Definition for reputation? How controversial/extreme/moderate it is? Implications in scandals, etc?

    17. News informs citizens and enables civic engagement within democratic societies

      Allows the people to participate in polity (bu giving information)

    18. On top of this, people are also able to maketheir own contributions to news coverage, by uploading media, providing eyewitnessaccounts, and commenting on news websites and social media, thus adding an extradimension to the news as a whole

      Information now cannot be exclusively controlled by the media corporations or government.

    19. The increased popularity of interactive online environments has also enabled anew set of news consumption practices, given that they allow people to more easily(and more publicly) share and rate news

      Popular review of media. Quality review or not?

    20. This gives news consumers more choice, but alsocreates a more pressing need to filter credible information. News consumers are stillable to go directly to the sources they trust.

      More supply brings question in regards to value of supply.

    21. 11 countries

      Broad sample, culturally speaking. N=21K also seems like a large sample.

    22. Trust has long been considered an important factor that influences people’s relationship withnews. However, the increase in the volume of information available online, together with theemergence of new tools and services that act as intermediaries and enable interactivity aroundthe news, may have changed this relationship.

      Research Question/ Opening Deliberation: Has the increase of media online influenced overall trust in media? What does the direction and strength of relationship suggest for the future of public trust and journalism?

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