Annotation #5: The homepage presents a very large amount of information and links at once, which can easily overwhelm visitors. According to the Understandable principle, information and the operation of the user interface must be understandable. This means users must be able to understand the information as well as how to interact with the site as the content or operation cannot be beyond their understanding. When long lists of links and dense layouts are presented without clear separation, users with dyslexia, ADHD, or cognitive impairments may struggle to process the page. This represents a bad practice of understandability.

Annotation #4: Some quick link features, such as “311” and “Back to School Road Safety,” appear on the desktop version of the homepage but are missing from the mobile version. According to the Robust principle, content must be robust enough to be interpreted reliably by a wide variety of user agents, including assistive technologies. This means that users must be able to access the content as technologies evolve and across different devices. When important links are only available on certain platforms, the site fails to meet this expectation, making it a bad practice of robustness.

Annotation #2: The homepage includes an “increase/decrease text size” control, which allows users to adjust the font size for better readability. This feature is especially helpful for individuals with low vision or age-related sight loss who may struggle with small default text. According to the Perceivable principle, information and user interface components must be presented in ways that all users can perceive. By giving visitors the option to resize text, the site ensures content remains accessible and demonstrates a strong accessibility/perceivable practice.

Annotation #1: The top navigation bar (Services & Payments, Community & People, Business & Economy, Explore & Enjoy, City Government) relies on hover interaction to reveal sub-menus. According to the Operable principle, not every user can navigate with a mouse, especially individuals with motor impairments. Because hover-only features are inaccessible to keyboard users and assistive devices, this design creates a significant barrier and represents a bad accessibility practice.

Annotation #3: The homepage provides a “Translate” option, allowing visitors to view content in multiple languages. This feature is especially helpful for newcomers or individuals with limited English proficiency. According to the Understandable principle, information and the operation of the user interface must be understandable. This means users must be able to comprehend the information being presented, and translation ensures that important city content is not beyond their understanding. Providing language options makes the site more inclusive and represents a strong accessibility practice.