Planning the learning activity (orienting part) involvesidentifying the following aspects: (1) the outcome of the action with its particularcharacteristics (e.g. what concept are the students to learn?), (2) the units/parts of theoutcome of the action and the order in which they will have to be developed (what arethe essential characteristics of the target concept and in which order should thesecharacteristics be presented for students?), (3) tools that are available for the students(what resources and tools are useful for the students?) and (4) the overview of the entireactivity – the scheme of action as a whole is termed as an operational scheme ofthinking (Engeness 2020) (how will the students engage in learning?).