there’s no way in which you can prevent a stereotypefrom being pulled back to some of its more stereotypical forms. But you canengage in a way which begins to open the stereotypes up in such a way thatthey become uninhabitable for very long
I think what Hall is saying is that there will be no end to stereotypes, but there is a way to "change" or "disrupt" from continuing.
there is no escape from the fact that meaning is, in theend, interpretation. It always shifts from one historical setting to another. It isalways contextual
The phrase "there is no fixed meaning" means that the meaning is only based on what people interpret from the context.
I mean a very wide range of things – I mean the language that wespeak and the language that we write, I mean electronic languages, digitallanguages, languages communicated by musical instrument, languagescommunicated by facial gesture, languages communicated by facialexpression, the use of the body to communicate meaning, the use of clothes toexpress meaning – anything in the sense in which I’m talking about can be alanguage
In acting or in general, anything can be a language. I'm aware music can be a language especially in films or some cultures. I'm not sure what it means by electronically, I'm assuming it means sending gifs (images) to one another. Body language and facial expression is the most common language
You, too, can be a Black street hood, but this class is for dark-skinned Blacksonly. Light-skinned or yellow Blacks don’t make good crooks.
This shows that Hollywood knew what they were looking for. If they saw any "light skinned or yellow blacks" then it wasn't good enough for them, so they went after dark skinned for these roles.
Hi. My name is Robert Taylor, and I’m a Black Actor. I had to learn to play theseslave parts, and now you can, too, in Hollywood’s first Black Acting School
Films in Hollywood back then were very stereotypical and racist to black actors. Even other races now play stereotypical scripts.
iolent crime, especially murder, represents a threatto the social order which the police, here the forensic detectives, contain by apprehendingthe criminal.
This is true because in most cases, murder is considered the most violent crime.
As the characters use this specialized scientific equipment, they explain its purposes
I find it very helpful whenever characters explain the concept of something or what something does in general because half of the time when words are just thrown, I have no idea what's going on.
As women have increased their presence in the criminal justice workplace, they appearmore frequently in crime dramas
Overtime, society changes
they also include more details about the policesub-culture and about the personal lives of the police (Wittebols, 2004). These personallives may be portrayed as home life
Understanding the home life of characters in crime dramas (or their life outside of work) is an interesting addition. Sometimes crime can be involved outside of their jobs. I've seen a couple of shows where that was the case.
Crime dramas provide interpretative perspectives that shape ourthought, in this case about crime (Jewkes, 2004). Crime dramas are morality plays whichfeature struggles between good and evil, between heroes who stand for moral authorityand villains
Crime dramas show different types of cases in each episodes whether it's violent or not, but in the end the police/detective/agents all look like the good people, which is not always the case in real life. That's how it shapes our minds.
keeping up with these flows is the source of “di-giphrenia”: the anxiety about being out of synch withour online identities and information flows
This definitely exists in our time especially when it comes to updates on social media. Too many people have fomo (fear of missing out) wether it's people hanging out or just knowing information.
Over the past forty years, the concept of flow hasbeen used in media studies as a conceptually influential,but ultimately limited model for the textual analysisof television content, or more broadly as a metaphorfor postmodern culture, of which television is the ul-timate exemplar.
The term "flow" was used to understand the structure of TV shows by analyzing.
inadequate. What is being offered is not, in older terms, a pro-gramme of discrete units with particular insertions, but aplanned flow, in which the true series is not the publishedsequence of programme items but this sequence transformed bythe inclusion of another kind of sequence, so that thesesequences together compose the real flow, the real ‘broadcast-ing’. Increasingly, in both commercial and public-service tele-vision, a further sequence was added: trailers of programmes tobe shown at some later time or on some later day, or moreitemised programme news. This was intensified in conditions ofcompetition, when it became important to broadcasting plan-ners to retain viewers – or as they put it, to ‘capture’ them – for awhole evening’s sequence. And with the eventual unification ofthese two or three sequences, a new kind of communicationphenomenon has to be recognised.Of course many people who watch television still registersome of these items as ‘interruptions’.
Ads are really annoying so if it's broadcasted then there will be constant ads. Streaming apps have plans to pay for no-ads so as much as I hate spending money on subscriptions, it's worth it.
In all communications systems before broadcasting the essen-tial items were discrete. A book or a pamphlet was taken andread as a specific item
Before TV, there were books. Books would help use your own imagination. One book would usually have a beginning and end whether it was short or long. Some stories were taken from books and made into movies, but weren't always accurate.
We also need to remember that the boxes may also be optional for many DVD consumers – the experience of a Netflix renter circumvents the boxes altogether in exchange for generic envelopes, leaving only the image printed directly on the disc itself to frame the digital contents, highlighting the variable reception contexts of contemporary viewers.
I wasn't aware that this was a thing. I'm assuming it's saying that people who rented DVD's through Netflix were only emailed a disc inside an envelope and not the whole box set.
One development that seems less radical, but I would argue may be as important as any of these other transformations, is the rise of TV-on-DVD box sets
DVD box sets became a huge success because instead of waiting days for a new episode of a show to be broadcasted, people were able to put a DVD disc in a DVD player and had access to the whole season or show.
ut also because of the attention span that TV assumes of itsaudience, and the fact that memory of the particular series in all its detailcannot be assumed. People switch on in the middle and get hooked; theymiss an episode or two; someone phones up in the middle
I know some people who don't watch certain shows they put on TV, but have it as background noise while they work on something else. Some people actually watch the series but others end up having a short attention span and pull out their phone or do something else while it continue playing on Tv.
Cinema narration has a strong internal dynamic, a movement from aninitial equilibrium that is disrupted towards a new harmony that is the endof the fiction. Broadcast TV narration has a more dispersed narrationalform: it is extensive rather than sequential
I agree with this because in a cinema narration (movies), there is a beginning, middle, and end with one focus. TV narration (shows) doesn't always have a clear ending because the series can move different directions with plots so there are episodes and seasons to continue the stories.
This also caused the industry to redefine the measure of the popularityof a particular genre or program
Films usually become popular based on the genre, but I think in this generation, popularity also comes from people caring more about who's acting in the films rather than what it's actually about.
static sitcom structure can exploreideas and challenge dominant cultural values, and it is able to do so precisely because it does not allow our individualistic identification with welldeveloped characters to get in the wa
(I could be reading this differently- implying a different meaning) There are a couple of shows that are considered comedy, but have meaningful messages whether it's political or real-life situations, etc. An example would be a show called One at a Time. It's considered comedy but each episode have meaningful messages that's a problem in the real-life world.
he claims that the TV sitcom completely rejects boththe form and the meaning of this traditional comic plot, thus symbolizingthe "end of comedy" as a progressive social force
In my opinion, most of the sitcoms I've watched all make me laugh even if it is predictable. Most predictable would be Brooklynn 99. The more you watch a show the more it becomes predictable. A comedy show that was more unpredictable for me was SuperStore. Although I do agree with this passage. It's mainly Disney comedy films with the same plot.
ome viewed the genre as a constraint on complete originality and self-expression, but others, following a more classical or mimetic theory of art, felt that these constraints were in factproductive to the creative expression of the author
To me, the whole point of originality in film is messing between different genres. An example would be The Scary Movie series. Obviously just by simply reading the title, you might assume it's a horror movie, but this isn't just any horror movie. This series is a parody version of all the other horror movies, making it comedy.
literature may be divided into comedy, tragedy, and melodrama; Hollywood films into Westerns, musicals, and horror films; television programsinto sitcoms, crime shows, and soap operas
These are the basic genres for films. Some of these genres can even be combined. I've seen a movie where it had comedy, romance, drama, mystery, horror, all in one.
“with the poor crowding the ri awayfrom the counters,”
He states "television is the poor man's latest and most prized luxury," and for the "poor to crowd the rich away" sounds like now that tv exists, the "poor" were at the same level as the rich when owning a tv, leading the "rich" to not enjoy it as much.
ere were also early fears about the disruptive effects of television on theAmerican home and family;
Television or any type of device is a huge disruption in today's world especially to children. Grown ups rely on their kids to stay calm by having them watch tv all day, not realizing some of the stuff put on can hold back the kid and cause other problems from what they're learning on tv.
“the advertiser buys freedom forthe listener at the same time he buys time and talent
Advertisements can be one of those most useful tools, but also one of the most annoying when there are constant pop ups. Ads come in many different ways so it always just pops up on your screen while you're trying to watch some or even go on a website.
two dominant network firms, NBC and CBS, with theAmerican Broadcasting Company (ABC
NBC, CBS, and ABC are still pretty big channels on television.
Another legacy of these early regulatory decisions is thefact that U.S. television operates under an inferior standard of imageresolution and colour quality
I wonder what the process was going from black and white to having colors on television. It was definitely a big change for U.S. television.
Typically also, television was considered a remedy for problem ildren.
Television isn't the same anymore considering all the other programs made and even with social media around, there's access to everything now so adults have to control their children's television limits and what they're allowed to watch.
floor plans included a space for television in the home’sstructural layout,
I never thought about this. Now every time I visit a friends or a family' place I'll be thinking about the thought of where a tv can be placed.
the television was shown to replacethe fireplace altogether, as the magazines showed readers how televisioncould function as the center of family aention
The fireplace is an area that brings people together. It's the space that has decorations, family photos, bring a cozy feeling, and even make s'mores with. It's interesting that television can replace something that had meaning just like that.
Televisionwas the great family minstrel that promised to bring Mom, Dad, and thekids together
Television is a way to bring family together. Especially with movie nights, but it can get complicated if people can't agree what to watch.
As this classic scene illustrates, in postwar years the television set becamea central figure in representations of family relationships.
Even in this generation, there are films about family relationships being made. I haven't watched that many though.