- Sep 2017
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www.ourdocuments.gov www.ourdocuments.gov
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any embassy to, or receive any embassy from, or enter into any conferrence, agreement, alliance, or treaty, with any King prince or state; nor shall any person holding any office of profit or trust under the united states, or any of them, accept of any present, emolument, office, or title of any kind whatever, from any king, prince, or foreign state; nor shall the united states, in congress assembled, or any of them, grant any title of nobility. No two or more states shall enter into any treaty, confederation, or alliance whatever between them, without the consent of the united states, in congress assembled, specifying accurately the purposes for which the same is to be entered into, and how long it shall continue. No State shall lay any imposts or duties, which may interfere with any stipulations in treaties, entered into by the united States in congress assembled, with any king, prince, or State, in pursuance of any treaties already proposed by congress, to the courts of France and Spain. No vessels of war shall be kept up in time of peace, by any state, except such number only, as shall be deemed necessary by the united states, in congress assembled, for the defence of such state, or its trade; nor shall any body of forces be kept up, by any state, in time of peace, except such number only as, in the judgment of the united states, in congress assembled, shall be deemed requisite to garrison the forts necessary for the defence of such state; but every state shall always keep up a well regulated and disciplined militia, sufficiently armed and accounted, and shall provide and constantly have ready for use, in public stores, a due number of field pieces and tents, and a proper quantity of arms, ammunition, and camp equipage. No State shall engage in any war without the consent of the united States in congress assembled, unless such State be actually invaded by enemies, or shall have received certain advice of a resolution being formed by some nation of Indians to invade such State, and the danger is so imminent as not to admit of a delay till the united states in congress assembled, can be consulted: nor shall any state grant commissions to any ships or vessels of war, nor letters of marque or reprisal, except it be after a declaration of war by the united states in congress assembled, and then only against the kingdom or State, and the subjects thereof, against which war has been so declared, and under such regulations as shall be established by the united states in congress assembled, unless such state be infested by pirates, in which case vessels of war may be fitted out for that occasion, and kept so long as the danger shall continue, or until the united states in congress assembled shall determine otherwise.
Limits gov from overtaking their limits and roles and from taking the federal gov's power to manage foreign affairs, military power, etc.
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Article V.
Delegates not chosen by people but by the Congress- power to national gov. They set specific number to how many and how long delegates from each state can have and serve (down below). It also secure security and total freedom of speech inside of Congress for the deletes- allowing them to say anything and all personal thoughts for their representing state's good.
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The said states hereby severally enter into a firm league of friendship with each other, for their common defence, the security of their Liberties, and their mutual and general welfare, binding themselves to assist each other, against all force offered to, or attacks made upon them, or any of them, on account of religion, sovereignty, trade, or any other pretence whatever.
But this forces states to work together in time of crisis, and create a contract of peace among the states (reference back to the wartime period they were in).
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Each state retains its sovereignty, freedom and independence, and every Power, Jurisdiction and right, which is not by this confederation expressly delegated to the United States, in Congress assembled.
Says that each state holds individual power- taking away control of national gov- less unity among the states and in country.
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Delegates of the States
Not all states were represented in the commission to create the Article of Confederation. Only some attended the meeting. Lot of dispute between Federalists and Anti-federalists: why it took so long.
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Articles of Confederation (1777)
First written constitution of the United States, and created from wartime urgency; progressing very slowly because of central authority fear and extensive land claims by states before was it was ratified. States remained independent, and Congress was the last resort to settle disputes. Congress given power to make treaties and alliances, maintain armed forces and coin money. But federal gov wasn't very productive because of its lack of taxes control (other regulate commerce).
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teachingamericanhistory.org teachingamericanhistory.org
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He who could address this audience without a quailing sensation, has stronger nerves than I have. I do not remember ever to have appeared as a speaker before any assembly more shrinkingly, nor with greater distrust of my ability, than I do this day. A feeling has crept over me, quite unfavorable to the exercise of my limited powers of speech. The task before me is one which requires much previous thought and study for its proper performance. I know that apologies of this sort are generally considered flat and unmeaning. I trust, however, that mine will not be so considered. Should I seem at ease, my appearance would much misrepresent me. The little experience I have had in addressing public meetings, in country schoolhouses, avails me nothing on the present occasion. The papers and placards say, that I am to deliver a 4th [of] July oration. This certainly sounds large, and out of the common way, for it is true that I have often had the privilege to speak in this beautiful Hall, and to address many who now honor me with their presence. But neither their familiar faces, nor the perfect gage I think I have of Corinthian Hall, seems to free me from embarrassment.
Douglass first acts polite and like what others expect him to be: saying that i am honored and nervous to speak in front of the grand public meeting, etc. Possibly to start off in a "positive" road so that he can do his speech.
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not adopted the fashionable idea of this day, of the infallibility of government, and the absolute character of its acts, presumed to differ from the home government in respect to the wisdom and the justice of some of those burdens and restraints. They went so far in their excitement as to pronounce the measures of government unjust, unreasonable, and oppressive, and altogether such as ought not to be quietly submitted to.
At this point, he gives an explanation and reason why America did good by going against England- the home gov went too far by acting unjust, unreasonable, not parental behavior. He shows support to American revolution.
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slave plantation, from which I escaped
Reference back to Douglass's past: he was born into slavery but "escaped." His speech leaves more impact because of his powerful history in slavery.
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The papers and placards say, that I am to deliver a 4th [of] July oration.
What Douglass was suppose to talk about. Instead he talks about how the 4th of July, the birthday of national independence and freedom does not represent what is really happening in the country- While the whites are enjoying and celebrating their freedom and claiming to have a fully free community when there are still slavery and Blacks suffering at that exact time. He basically scolds them for being racist and hypocritical.
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