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    1. Dual activating FGFR1 mutations in pediatric pilomyxoid astrocytoma

      [Paper-level Aggregated] PMCID: PMC8077124

      Evidence Type(s): Oncogenic, Functional, Prognostic

      Justification: Oncogenic: The FGFR1 p.K656E mutation is described as a known hotspot mutation that is both activating and transforming, indicating its role in tumorigenesis. Functional: The FGFR1 p.V561M mutation is characterized as a gatekeeper mutation that imparts resistance to FGFR inhibitors, suggesting a functional impact on treatment response. Prognostic: The text mentions that pilomyxoid astrocytomas are characterized by shorter survival and high recurrence rates, indicating that the presence of these mutations may have implications for patient prognosis.

      Gene→Variant (gene-first): FGFR1(2260):c.1681G>A FGFR1(2260):c.1966A>G FGFR1(2260):p.K656E FGFR1(2260):p.V561M IDH1(3417):p.R132H BRAF(673):p.V600E

      Genes: FGFR1(2260) IDH1(3417) BRAF(673)

      Variants: c.1681G>A c.1966A>G p.K656E p.V561M p.R132H p.V600E

    2. Whole exome sequencing identified a total of 15 somatic mutations, including nine missense mutations. Interestingly, we identified two activating mutations affecting FGFR1, including FGFR1 p.K656E (NM_023110.3:c.1966A>G)

      [Paragraph-level] PMCID: PMC8077124 Section: RESULTS PassageIndex: 6

      Evidence Type(s): Oncogenic

      Justification: Oncogenic: The passage discusses somatic mutations, specifically p.K656E and p.V561M, which are described as activating mutations affecting FGFR1, indicating their contribution to tumor development or progression.

      Gene→Variant (gene-first): 2260:c.1681G>A 2260:c.1966A>G 2260:p.K656E 2260:p.V561M

      Genes: 2260

      Variants: c.1681G>A c.1966A>G p.K656E p.V561M

    3. Patient is an 18-month-old otherwise healthy boy who presented with acute onset nausea, vomiting, and gait instability, resulting in a fall on the day of presentation. On arrival to the ED, vital signs were notable for h

      [Paragraph-level] PMCID: PMC8077124 Section: RESULTS PassageIndex: 3

      Evidence Type(s): Oncogenic

      Justification: Oncogenic: The passage discusses the tumor's pathology and mentions the IDH1 (p.R132H) variant as being negative in the tumor, indicating its role in tumor development or progression.

      Gene→Variant (gene-first): 3417:p.R132H 673:p.V600E

      Genes: 3417 673

      Variants: p.R132H p.V600E

    4. Pilomyxoid astrocytomas are an aggressive subtype of astrocytoma, not graded by WHO, frequently located in hypothalamic/chiasmatic regions, affecting diencephalic structures, and characterized by shorter survival and hig

      [Paragraph-level] PMCID: PMC8077124 Section: ABSTRACT PassageIndex: 10

      Evidence Type(s): Oncogenic, Predictive

      Justification: Oncogenic: The variant p.K656E is described as an activating and transforming mutation, indicating its role in tumor development or progression. Predictive: The variant p.V561M is mentioned as imparting resistance to FGFR inhibitors, suggesting its correlation with treatment response.

      Gene→Variant (gene-first): 2260:p.K656E 2260:p.V561M

      Genes: 2260

      Variants: p.K656E p.V561M

    5. Similar variant allele frequencies of FGFR1 p.K656E and FGFR1 p.V561M mutations in our patient's tumor suggest that these mutations may have occurred at similar time points. Use of FGFR inhibitors in addition to STAT3 or

      [Paragraph-level] PMCID: PMC8077124 Section: ABSTRACT PassageIndex: 9

      Evidence Type(s): Predictive, Oncogenic

      Justification: Predictive: The passage discusses the potential use of FGFR inhibitors in combination with other treatments, indicating a correlation with therapy response. Oncogenic: The mention of mutations in the context of a tumor suggests that the variants may contribute to tumor development or progression.

      Gene→Variant (gene-first): 2260:p.K656E 2260:p.V561M

      Genes: 2260

      Variants: p.K656E p.V561M

    6. We identified two somatic activating missense mutations affecting FGFR1, including FGFR1 p.K656E and FGFR1 p.V561M. While the former is a known hotspot mutation that is both activating and transforming, the latter has be

      [Paragraph-level] PMCID: PMC8077124 Section: ABSTRACT PassageIndex: 7

      Evidence Type(s): Oncogenic, Predictive

      Justification: Oncogenic: The passage describes p.K656E as a known hotspot mutation that is activating and transforming, indicating its role in tumor development or progression. Predictive: The passage mentions that p.V561M is described as a gatekeeper mutation imparting resistance to FGFR inhibitors, which correlates with treatment response.

      Gene→Variant (gene-first): 2260:p.K656E 2260:p.V561M

      Genes: 2260

      Variants: p.K656E p.V561M

    7. Whole exome sequencing identified a total of 15 somatic mutations, including nine missense mutations. Interestingly, we identified two activating mutations affecting FGFR1, including FGFR1 p.K656E (NM_023110.3:c.1966A>G)

      [Paragraph-level] PMCID: PMC8077124 Section: RESULTS PassageIndex: 6

      Evidence Type(s): Oncogenic

      Justification: Oncogenic: The passage discusses somatic mutations, specifically p.K656E and p.V561M, which are described as activating mutations affecting FGFR1, indicating their contribution to tumor development or progression.

      Gene→Variant (gene-first): 2260:c.1681G>A 2260:c.1966A>G 2260:p.K656E 2260:p.V561M

      Genes: 2260

      Variants: c.1681G>A c.1966A>G p.K656E p.V561M

    8. Patient is an 18-month-old otherwise healthy boy who presented with acute onset nausea, vomiting, and gait instability, resulting in a fall on the day of presentation. On arrival to the ED, vital signs were notable for h

      [Paragraph-level] PMCID: PMC8077124 Section: RESULTS PassageIndex: 3

      Evidence Type(s): Oncogenic

      Justification: Oncogenic: The passage discusses the tumor's pathology and mentions the IDH1 (p.R132H) variant as being negative in the tumor, indicating its role in tumor development or progression.

      Gene→Variant (gene-first): 3417:p.R132H 673:p.V600E

      Genes: 3417 673

      Variants: p.R132H p.V600E

    9. Pilomyxoid astrocytomas are an aggressive subtype of astrocytoma, not graded by WHO, frequently located in hypothalamic/chiasmatic regions, affecting diencephalic structures, and characterized by shorter survival and hig

      [Paragraph-level] PMCID: PMC8077124 Section: ABSTRACT PassageIndex: 10

      Evidence Type(s): Oncogenic, Predictive

      Justification: Oncogenic: The variant p.K656E is described as an activating and transforming mutation, indicating its role in tumor development or progression. Predictive: The variant p.V561M is mentioned as imparting resistance to FGFR inhibitors, suggesting its correlation with treatment response.

      Gene→Variant (gene-first): 2260:p.K656E 2260:p.V561M

      Genes: 2260

      Variants: p.K656E p.V561M

    10. Similar variant allele frequencies of FGFR1 p.K656E and FGFR1 p.V561M mutations in our patient's tumor suggest that these mutations may have occurred at similar time points. Use of FGFR inhibitors in addition to STAT3 or

      [Paragraph-level] PMCID: PMC8077124 Section: ABSTRACT PassageIndex: 9

      Evidence Type(s): Predictive, Oncogenic

      Justification: Predictive: The passage discusses the potential use of FGFR inhibitors in combination with other treatments, indicating a correlation with therapy response. Oncogenic: The mention of mutations in the context of a tumor suggests that the variants may contribute to tumor development or progression.

      Gene→Variant (gene-first): 2260:p.K656E 2260:p.V561M

      Genes: 2260

      Variants: p.K656E p.V561M

    11. We identified two somatic activating missense mutations affecting FGFR1, including FGFR1 p.K656E and FGFR1 p.V561M. While the former is a known hotspot mutation that is both activating and transforming, the latter has be

      [Paragraph-level] PMCID: PMC8077124 Section: ABSTRACT PassageIndex: 7

      Evidence Type(s): Oncogenic, Predictive

      Justification: Oncogenic: The passage describes p.K656E as a known hotspot mutation that is activating and transforming, indicating its role in tumor development or progression. Predictive: The passage mentions that p.V561M is described as a gatekeeper mutation imparting resistance to FGFR inhibitors, which correlates with treatment response.

      Gene→Variant (gene-first): 2260:p.K656E 2260:p.V561M

      Genes: 2260

      Variants: p.K656E p.V561M