On 2016 Jan 09, S A Ostroumov commented:

DOI: 10.1023/A:1012348127085; 'two-level synergism' is a new scientific term suggested by the author, it is explained in the text of the article.

On 2015 Dec 04, S A Ostroumov commented:

Abstract: The author identified a new type of ecological hazard of anthropogenic impact (using chemical pollution as an example), which he proposed to term “synecological summation” or “synergistic summation” of anthropogenic effects on organisms of two adjacent trophic levels. ** NEW FACTS: in the study reported in the paper, the following new type of environmental hazards was found. It was shown that even some relatively mild influences on organisms of two adjacent trophic levels may eventually produce a synergistic, pronounced and definitely undesirable effect which will lead to an abnormal increase in the abundance of organisms of one of the trophic levels. The concrete examples of that type of synergism were found when anthropogenic impacts affected the organisms of two adjacent trophic levels (bivalves and algae). Some new bioeffects of the action of the synthetic detergent (exemplified by the laundry detergent, namely, the detergent 'Vesna') (1 mg/l) on the bivalves, oysters Crassostrea gigas were described. Also, some new effects of the detergent (exemplified by the laundry detergent, namely, the detegent 'IXI') (10 mg/l) on the marine mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis, were found; also, new effects of the detergent (exemplified by the laundry detergent, namely the detergent 'Tide-Lemon') (50 mg/l) on M. galloprovincialis were discovered. ** CONCLUSION: The hazard of simultaneous influence of contamination of environment (e.g., by detergents) on organisms of the two trophic levels may occur when the polluting chemicals produce effects on algae and bivalves that are filter-feeders. It means that a new type of environmental hazards was discovered. [MAIK Nauka/Interperiodica, distributed by Springer Science+Business Media LLC.; ISSN 0012-4966 (Print) 1608-3105 (Online)]; DOI 10.1023/A:1012348127085;

On 2015 Dec 04, S A Ostroumov commented:

FULL TEXT OF THIS ARTICLE ONLINE FREE: (TITLE: The hazard of a two-level synergism of synecological summation of anthropogenic effects); https://www.researchgate.net/publication/10614388

On 2015 Dec 04, S A Ostroumov commented:

FULL TEXT OF THIS ARTICLE ONLINE FREE: (TITLE: The hazard of a two-level synergism of synecological summation of anthropogenic effects); https://www.researchgate.net/publication/10614388

On 2015 Dec 04, S A Ostroumov commented:

Abstract: The author identified a new type of ecological hazard of anthropogenic impact (using chemical pollution as an example), which he proposed to term “synecological summation” or “synergistic summation” of anthropogenic effects on organisms of two adjacent trophic levels. ** NEW FACTS: in the study reported in the paper, the following new type of environmental hazards was found. It was shown that even some relatively mild influences on organisms of two adjacent trophic levels may eventually produce a synergistic, pronounced and definitely undesirable effect which will lead to an abnormal increase in the abundance of organisms of one of the trophic levels. The concrete examples of that type of synergism were found when anthropogenic impacts affected the organisms of two adjacent trophic levels (bivalves and algae). Some new bioeffects of the action of the synthetic detergent (exemplified by the laundry detergent, namely, the detergent 'Vesna') (1 mg/l) on the bivalves, oysters Crassostrea gigas were described. Also, some new effects of the detergent (exemplified by the laundry detergent, namely, the detegent 'IXI') (10 mg/l) on the marine mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis, were found; also, new effects of the detergent (exemplified by the laundry detergent, namely the detergent 'Tide-Lemon') (50 mg/l) on M. galloprovincialis were discovered. ** CONCLUSION: The hazard of simultaneous influence of contamination of environment (e.g., by detergents) on organisms of the two trophic levels may occur when the polluting chemicals produce effects on algae and bivalves that are filter-feeders. It means that a new type of environmental hazards was discovered. [MAIK Nauka/Interperiodica, distributed by Springer Science+Business Media LLC.; ISSN 0012-4966 (Print) 1608-3105 (Online)]; DOI 10.1023/A:1012348127085;

On 2016 Jan 09, S A Ostroumov commented:

DOI: 10.1023/A:1012348127085; 'two-level synergism' is a new scientific term suggested by the author, it is explained in the text of the article.