Differences in right and left subcortical brain volumes were evaluated using 2-way (diagnosis, sex) univariate analyses covarying for TCV and age. Similar models were also evaluated on the asymmetry index for each structure, which was calculated as (right volume−left volume)/(right volume + left volume)÷ 2. Post hoc between-group tests were corrected for multiple comparisons using the Tukey-Cramer honestly significant difference method. Differences in demographic and clinical variables between groups were assessed using analyses of variance for continuous variables and chi-square tests for categorical variables. In addition, within-group Pearson and Spearman correlations were performed on clinical variables and those structures which were found to be significantly different between diagnostic groups. These clinical variables included MRS and GAF scores, age at onset of illness, duration of illness, and chlorpromazine equivalents. In an effort to be conservative, we report only clinical correlations that reached significance on both Spearman and Pearson tests; the r and P value for the Pearson correlations are reported. Effect sizes were calculated and interpreted using Cohen d statistic. All statistical tests were 2 sided with alpha = .05. JMP 7 for Mac (SAS Institute, Cary, NC) was used for statistical analysis.