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  1. Apr 2016
    1. Manure markets tend to be highly localized. In some areas, manure carries enough value as fertilizer that crop producers are willing to pay to receive it; in other areas, livestock producers must pay other farmers to take the manure. About 20 percent of the dairy and hog manure that is removed from farms is sold, as is 36 percent of broiler litter.17 About 60 percent of the hog and broiler manure that is removed from farms is given away for no exchange of money. Prices for manure are determined by the quantities produced in an area relative to the amount of nearby cropland, the mix of crops grown, and the cost of transporting manure. With production shifting to large livestock operations, which are coming under increasing pressure to reduce nutrient applications to their own land, we can expect to see increased manure removals
    1. Conclusions liquid hog manure application was the largest user of energy in this study, mainly due to fuel consumption the most energy efficient system in this study was the grazing system with no manure applied grazing systems were more energy efficient than hayed systems beef production on unmanured land was more energy efficient than on manured land however, beef production on manured land is still more efficient than beef production on land where synthetic fertilizers are applied, even if manure is applied only to P-removal rates