These build on prior art and existing standards like OAuth, OIDC and payment tokenization —but are used together to remove many steps that might otherwise require a human in the loop.

Web technology offered an easy path to shipping flexible software, but it also imposed a ceiling. No matter how hard we worked, we couldn't make Atom better than the platform it was built on.

Even with these improvements, Responses API overhead was too large relative to the speed of the model—that is, use