As mentioned in this chapters passages as well as this link of Kathleen Fitzpatrick. The idea of DH is constantly evolving, slowly changing and adapting to new ideas. This also means that we must stay up to date with new definitions of said words/phrases.

It is clear as to why there is tension between those established earlier in the field compared to those that are new. Such as the case with many things, change is "scary" to some as it begins to form different ideas and sometimes destroy old ones. But this change displays that DH is flourishing and is headed in the right direction.

"A wise man changes his mind, a fool never will." - Icelandic Proverb

This is a very interesting way of looking at Digital Humanities as it brings along a different mindset that usually is not commonly done.

CDH seems to have a lot of flexibility in its uses and can enable a lot of collaborative efforts on many situations such as Social Justice, Questioning of Power, and overall critical theories in DH research!

This method of prioritizing "ideas" such as feminism, queer/trans/non-binary work, etc... as its model core very much aligns with how the world today is headed. And can be considered a direct reason as to why CDH is emerging now compared to previous years.

I remember someone in my friend circle mentioning a CDH initiative earlier last year at the University of Toronto which at the time I didn't know what they meant but after reading these passages, have a much greater understanding of the matter.

Roopika Risam briefly mentioned in her Conference call about how it is bizarre that we can't keep up with scholarship although Twitter being an outlet of digital humanities lists from many people can generally give an idea of what is happening. She also mentioned how FaceBook, although to a lesser extent have changed scholarly communication.

See this change and even finding such articles of lists on Twitter it self was very fascinating as it brought along a sense of anyone being able to follow along as so they wish too. Rather than a set of private emails being exchanged among peers.

I think this was a great change and will help continue both or efficiency in studies as well as DH concepts!

Queer Technology such as "gay bombs" are the manifesto of "how to" of the queer networked activism.

When I originally heard of it, I was very perplexed at what this meant and how it was used. As the idea of a "Gay Bomb" seemed very out of the box and almost random but after watching the attached links videos and reading more about it on other articles. The concept of the "spin" began to make more and more sense.

As mentioned in the below paragraph: "This sarcastic PR spin calls into question the Apple products and slick gadgetry on which media-inclined academics depend; indeed, Queer Technologies asks us to consider not only the ends to which we apply our digital tools, but also the troubling legacies and potential applications of cutting-edge developments in science and technology."

Both Figures 1.5 and 1.6 display the bias that is prevalent in algorithmic coding. They show the bigotry of what stereotypical thoughts of each race were.

You can see more examples in the attached link

An example of this that I distinctly remember was when you would google "three black teenagers" it would have the google images page riddled with mugshots, but when googling "three white teenagers" you would find stock images of 3 children doing everyday activities. Google also ended up changing the results as they should, but it never should've been an issue. Which also could've been avoided through manual checks as all algorithms should go through (I realize that this seems crazy to do manually but Google is also a multi-billion company and definitely can allocate resources to this if they so wished to).

This is very true and a sad reality of algorithms, as many think they are objective truths when in reality they are not! In terms with Cathy O’Neil the examples of what she introduces directly align with this Chapter. (As well as her statements from the above paragraph) Such as the case with the teachers being fired based on a faulty system of grading teachers. (The code was withheld from all of New York).

Once everyone realizes that algorithms are nothing more than just opinions that have been constructed in a way to trick society into thinking they are fact.

The main issue with algorithms are they are based on the past, but our past is clearly riddled with issues, so the use these codes leads to us essentially repeating these issues.

Maps hold a much larger power than just being able to help navigate someone from one location to another. It tends to create perceptions of what an area may be like as well being bias if the creator of the map so desire it to be.

This is very clearly seen in times of war where Propaganda is used quite often. Ie. World War II (OTHER WW2 MAPS)

Other great uses of maps are to see percentages of the population that lean to one way or another. Such as the case with votes. Ie. Prime Minister Election where the results can be shown by electoral district's or by province/territory.!

Maps such as these also help with understanding how the voting was done and what factors may have made a location choose one side over the other. Thus helping future campaigns. Ie. Not like this will ever pass if it was proposed but if fishing were to be shut down, you would see a larger vote against that said party in province/territories that fish often compared to those who don't. Which 'helps other future campaigns know that you shouldn't mess with the economic state of fishing that harshly or rallies against the party may ensue.

These "best" percentages are absolutely absurd! Such as the case with Birmingham, AL with a staggering 94.1% white demographic.

The large discrepancy is mainly in part to just after the Civil war had ended and the reconstruction era had begun. Although America was beginning to show more equality the south still had racial injustice persisting through to the 1870s. Such as underground ties to the KK even after the "dissolving" of the group in 1869.

Also factors such as wages played a role as people of darker tones were being paid 3 times more in cities in the North than in the South.

This "New Migration" is displays a bright future for America through a lengthy and slow dismantlement of racism. Further proven through "Hazardous" percentages increasing through the years in primarily known as "white" areas.

Check out map 1 of this article: https://www.brookings.edu/research/a-new-great-migration-is-bringing-black-americans-back-to-the-south/

This type of mapping is very cool as it allows for the people of the area to provide and have general access to what is around them! Looking at the map provided, it seems to be very simple and display issues of showing the complexity of society that we are now used to seeing on our maps today. But after checking out the website provided in the text. The map is very detailed towards the point it was almost overwhelming, this however is easily avoided through knowing what you would be looking for. (Ie. If you are looking for the subway, you can ignore most of the other parts from the legend and specifically only find the subway. Essentially eliminating what YOU would consider not important at the moment!)

I can see the advantages to this as it can help with economic empowerment where learning to use/create maps can give rise to employment opportunities, social mobility where not only the top percentage of people know the ins and outs of the system but the whole community does as a whole! And much more!

The two visualizations below both share the general overview of the landscape in contrast to the university however the second map goes more in detail of the campus. I can see how the second map is more appealing to someone who may be new to the area and is need of more detailed visualization but the first is useful in its own right as it allows for a user to quickly identify key areas such as the Kailash Mital Theatre that you wouldn't find to quickly on the second map.

I will also agree with bhanhart that the second map may be more appealing to people with anxiety as it solves a lot of issues that they may face such as wanting to know where parking is or the general walking paths that others may take, etc...

As with my personal experience at UNBC , I would prefer the second map if I were a new resident in the area but as I would get more antiquated with my area I would slowly transition to my memory as a mental image of the mapping would begin to integrate into my head. (Which is something a lot people take for granted!)

This is very surprising as I would have thought that most of the information available today would have already been created into chart sand diagrams. Either with the use of AI or hard manual, brute force work by multiple people/organizations.

It may be more surprising to me as when I grew up I would be shown multiple graphs, diagrams and charts about the topics I would be taught in school. From World wars to everyday issues such as crime rates and so on.

Understanding these charts and diagrams has almost become a second nature and being able to interpret what is being said through said images really save time from having to read the whole document at times!

https://youtu.be/NGjP5qV9Iwc?t=4065

This is a lot like the Temporal data visualization method that is now used with computers and software. As seen in this link: https://youtu.be/v6LeL9anrzg?t=845 Where timeframe comes into play of how data looks and is preceived by us. Although time is something that was made by us humans the imagination it takes to really understand the depths of Spatial and Temporal means are endless. Time can even be perceived differently by person, as a 5 years may seem small to someone who is in their 80's than a child around 15. Especially for me personally as aging my first 18 years felt like an eternity but the last 3 have flown by without a trace. This is why I definitely now believe that time frame is a crucial point to be considered when logging data and trying to interpret the said data.

This is very interesting as they chose to shrink the image to a point where it was just barely legible instead of embedding a link or html of the image as then it would have kept its originally dimension and had the option to blow the image up too. Their solution was still very good as they still made sure it was legible and not a useless image being added to their TImelineSetter as then there would have been no point to providing it if no one could understand it.

This does make sense as most timelines tend to be horizontal and fitting in horizontally to a website is usually less easy than vertically as pages tend to extend down easier (ie: mouse scroll wheel goes up down and not side to side).

This clearly seen in the figures of the Cartographies of Time (https://engl201.opened.ca/wp-content/uploads/sites/57/2022/10/cartographies-of-time-chapter1.pdf) It is more closely seen in the Figure done by Charles Joseph for Napoleon's March for Russia. Basically showing that the path they had taken was not completely straight and was also able to show that Nightingale had more deaths related to infection and disease than The British in battle.

Unique shapes can also be seen in http://histography.io/

As seen in any literature, the possibilities are endless but I do worry about the person who made that cannibal dating simulator game. Like what type of thought process had to occur for someone to think of the idea and then actually preform the necessary steps to make it a reality. Anyways, this idea of Twine creating interactive story's for the reader to feel more invested seems like a great way to actually teach younger children. It makes reading into a game and promotes actual interactions and understandings of the material. Development in this industry is huge and will continue to be huge as long as creativity never dies (WHICH IT WON'T)! I can already tell if I had read "The Hound of the Baskervilles" as an interactive story through Twine, I would have instantly had been more invested as it would have felt like I took the decisions to get to the conclusion of the story. As I said before, Twine seems like a great tool that can be used to teach children and even any other age range specific things or just retell stories with a twist.

I have seen multiple games tell stories that have stuck with me than any tv show, or book ever has. This may be due to my avid childhood "addiction" to gaming. Gaming series like Assassin's Creed and God of War gave light to a whole story as I went from game to game. Each cut scene within them brought me closer to the story and to the character I was portraying in the game.

The cutscenes that I have always loved due to their in-depth story telling have always been a focal point in games for me as my thought process has always been, "why play a game that you don't care about?" and to care you must be invested. This also stretches to other facets of my life, from cooking to people in general to everything else you can think about. Below is a link to the Media material that literally gave the best and by far most articulate description of an opening cut scenes of the game Bioshock I have ever heard from someone. It basically had me relive it as he told it: https://youtu.be/tq-4hJEihWE?t=2638

If game cut scenes are digital storytelling would that mean any actions you do in the said game are considered to be part of the story as in some games such as in Infamous (Really fun btw). Your actions, quite literally affect how the games society treats you and perceives you. Changing cut scenes according to circumstances.

This is a major form of digital story-telling I would say I have encountered. Especially recently as the emergence of short form content has hit a recent boom with applications known as TikTok. On this app within as short as 10 swipes, you are presented with multiple stories of all facets of life. Yet it is all automized to be slightly relevant to what interests you. This form of content has recently brought alot of engagement with the youth of todays age. We can see communities form and support one another in active time and quite literally see these stories fold out in real time. Companies tend to show a more humane side to them on this platform where they use stories such as experiences their staff have had and how they are currently very happy with working with/for them now. Almost like a complication of multiple short interviews put together. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hEwa3sCiYq0&ab_channel=PostConsumerBrands

As said above, this would include forms of digital media as well. A great example of digital storytelling was displayed in a YouTube video provided in Media of Week 6 (Bryan Alexander - Digital Storytelling). In the below link, It shows the exact example I will be referencing to: https://youtu.be/tq-4hJEihWE?t=2054 In the video, it shows a quick/short version of the Shakspearian play known as Hamlet. It displays a digital and more playful version of the play yet provides you with enough detail to perfectly capture the idea of what was done/said/thought during the play. As it is on FaceBook, it is readily present to a large population to experience said stories. This can be done for any form of information such as the news as well! And that in it self is amazing!

This method seems to resonate a lot with me as numbers are generally something that stick with me. Understanding the importance of these numbers and knowing what the results allow for a better interpretation of the population based on a given sample size. Although I would disagree partially as I think algorithms give greatly insight into what is or may be needed to be understood. As well as to help automize the process of otherwise very strenuous and labor intensive duties. (Radway's seems to run fine without it being automized but a larger sample size may warrant it)

Seeing the comparative of both older artist and newer artist is amazing but the red text highlighting that some rap artists actually surpassed Shakespeare in terms of unique words used in their first 35,000 lyrics was astonishing! A big one that did stick with me was how Nikki Minaj had more unique words said than Drake and seeing an overall trend of older artist having use more unique words more frequently than new artists do now. (Of course with some outliners, here and there). I really enjoyed seeing this example and how diverse the scope of Voyants uses can be!

Text mining seems to have a large role in todays society, from Risk management (Such as financial/insurance) to Cybercrime Prevention to better and more enhanced Customer Services. Services such as chatbots capturing data and extrapolating it to give results relevant to one's problems and help fasten up the processes. Looking forward to using Voyant Tools!

Of course with innovation comes back lash, it is within human nature to want to not have/want change.

Ie. Technology such as the newest phones and older generations not wanting to learn/ not knowing how to understand then.

We tend to pit every new idea to an assortment of way/methods/things we already know rather than exploring them for what they were thought to be made for. I think seeing that there was an inward debate on the subject wasn't much of surprise but rather a given! Knowing of critics such as Stephen Marche and Stanly Fish, it is easy to see way it was the way it is.

I do however wonder which other disciplines we could better connect to? And whether it would be a better use of our time just understanding distant reading at its surface level or to keep a comparative with others too? (I would say comparing to others may help in the overall scheme of things).

Although many do keep this as an option. There is a way to disable the defaulted signature and even put in a custom one for future uses. Usually I like to just leave my name and a quick thank you. But at times I have had the signature be quiet long and it has definitely saved me some time and headaches. So it is not always the case that an email was sent from a desktop if you don't see "Sent from my iPhone", I also know some people that purposefully delete the signature once they've written out the email in order to seem "more professional".

Although reasons may differ from place to place and situation to situation. I believe the preservation of sources by digitizing them allows for a better record to be kept. It also aid's in todays digital age where it is much more convenient for someone to log into their laptop and read a source while at home rather than having to travel to a library, or academic center in order to get the same information.

I do think libraries are still a viable and very useful resource but when I do have the option, I do tend to lean towards being able to read on my laptop or phone having a PDF version of whatever I am accessing in front of me. The rise in technology to do with this has also grown. I personally have never owned a kindle but I have used them back when I was in elementary school in 2010 (I know I'm getting old, don't let it sink in) and I will say it was a great way of not getting distracted while still reading digitally as there were no text messages or notifications to do anything else. Even today, Amazon now offers being able to purchase a book on a kindle and since they don't need to waste money on manufacturing the book/resource. They actually offer it at a discount compared to the physical copies.

I think this is amazing to do but also could have some draw backs. It would need to have some sort of security measure as I think some text in any language, religion, culture is considered sacred and should be treated with respect but obviously the world does not work as it should all the time. In my opinion the collection should have two layers to it, one which would be open to general public and a second that can only be accessed through a certain code (which could be through application/online quiz/ etc..) that only allows people that actually care enough to learn to get access what is considered to more "sacred" important files. (although all files would be important)

The difference between these two is very interesting but the fact that they can come and work together on certain ideas for some reason was very surprising to me. I would have thought that their ideas would come together at the end independently but they will work together for them from the get go is what I thought was cool.

Growing up I thought that archiving and the trash were one in the same. This was mainly due to when I would go to delete my emails on the computer the exact same action to delete the email would also result in archiving these email. Eventually I had learnt what the word "archive" meant but still was oblivious as I was thinking it was "storing" the emails in the trash bin. Once I had got to grade 8 I finally understood I had kept well over 6000 emails in archives and deleted them. After reading this article I don't see why I was so stupid growing up but I do know I will not be making that mistake ever again!

I never knew until now that the title was also considered to be metadata. But it makes alot more sense on why after having read this article as well as some more on my own time throughout this week. Learning about tags and the simple yet somehow complex formats that can occur was mind boggling.

It is very interesting knowing that all these different files types such as doc, jpg, png, docx, etc... are all considered metadata. Would this also mean that there are non-metadata file types?

Being able to more freely, and more efficiently connect with others has become a social norm in todays society. It has rapidly become more convenient and allows for one to avoid certain in-person confrontations these days that otherwise wasn't possible. Given recent events such as COVID. If this would have happened in the past, society would have had to do a complete shut down and no other communication would have been viable other than word of letter or mouth (If you were feeling risky). But in todays society we were able to continue running businesses, schools, etc... with the aid of online conference meetings such as ZOOM.

This is a very interesting feature as it allows for AI to understand and correct human error when rewriting the handwritten documents. In theory as AI develop this way of analysis it would be fair to assume that technology in interpreting said information is not far off.

It is amazing that Vannevar Bush's vision helped establish technology that most of these days take from granted just under 80 years ago! And not only has it been what a large majority of people would call "one of the largest jumps in mankind" it also paved the way for future engineer/scientist to have a collective database that is more easily accessible than ever before, allowing for better utilization of their time and resources.

Wow, was this something to behold. The figure of "The most cited items in articles published in our journals". It was amazing seeing the vast connections yet frequent repetition of certain authors (Lewis D 1973 as well as others). And also seeing how well they had organized these "branches".

The use of digital humanities being more than a digitization of physical work helps further the scope/degree of importance DH has. And the fact that it has been so critically acclaimed helps to further cement this idea. (I also would have only thought DH is strictly only digital before this.)

Although there is a given definition in this passage, it is clear among the other papers that there is a a discrepancy in defining what DH is without bringing other concepts. This is further built upon later in this chapter when "humanities computing" is mentioned

This is very interesting as today, everyone has the ability to email anyone they would like. It is important to note that as technology has advanced so has the opportunities and abilities of the common individual. I wonder how other disciplines were affected as the use of emails became more public?

I strongly agree with this statement of using a collection of ideas and integrating ones knowledge with people around them for a better, more full grasp of a given topic or just in general. This also would allow the ability for future DH's to repeat results gotten in the past. This is further backed by the statement given in paragraph 5 about "building".