"Most of all, teach them that by taking on challenges, making mistakes, and putting forth effort, they are making themselves smarter."
I believe that teach your student to take challenges and learn through mistakes and at the end of the road that is what make you smarter and full experience.
Their studies and ours also found that negatively stereotyped students (such as girls in math, or African-American and Hispanic students in math and verbal areas) showed substantial benefits from being in a growth mindset workshop."
Stereotyped students are most likely to fail a career than the ones that have a cero stereotypes.
"Instead of giving them confidence, it made them fragile, so much so that a brush with difficulty erased their confidence, their enjoyment, and their good performance, and made them ashamed of their work."
the "now" is totally different than the past. in the past we were building to be strong people and in the now a lot of people get to be fragile emotionally and psychological and for that is necessary to constantly work on the confidence.
"The students with a fixed mindset believed that if you worked hard it meant that you didn't have the ability, and that things would just come naturally to you if you did."
I believe that things can happened naturally but not all people's way to learn is the same, and it shouldn't be compare one to another's ability as we all are different.