now economies of scale favor skilled workers, new tech jobs and favor corporate countries.

Governments are struggling to make these inequalities decrease because of the increase in globalization.

more problems: economists have underestimate inequality within individual countries and the extent to which it has increased. Why? Because surveys underrepresent the wealthy and underreport income derived from property.

Lack counting the rich!

Globalization left many citizens behind who couldnt keep up, especially in India!

Trend, countries with the biggest economies tend to have the biggest inequalities within individuals.

The Gini coefficient is used to measure these income inequalities . However, its problematic because many countries cant measure and compare accurately the income of all and sometimes even miss some households.

Some examples to close those inequality gaps is the process of redistributing wealth, providing more benefits and more.

inequality within individuals in countries is actually increasing. So the gap between rich and poor is probably increasing.

Global inequality is actually declining!

Claim: Global inequality is far higher than individual country inequalities.

California: Is trying to find legal ways through arguments to keep its labor force.

shortage of agriculture labor because of immigration issues within each states.

part of the financial system that deals with raising capital by dealing in with shares, bonds and more.

The government makes a lot of decisions as to what happens with housing, businesses and overall companies. Some are subsidized and some are completely controlled by private sectors.

Government plays a huge role is how Singapore and its facilities function. They also make huge decisions like which foreign companies can function and operate in Singapore.

Some aspects of Singapores economy is not based on subsidies which means some aspects, the government doesn't pay for half of the cost.

1950's relatively high unemployment rate and the 1970's hit and it went down.

Annual increase in the price of goods.

View points of gov interference.

Many developing worlds sought free-markets because they believed that was the way to economic development.

The U.S ability to act quickly under the Great Depression and under War proved that its power and state capacity was relatively strong.

Since our constitution denied so many rights to African Americans, it prolonged and initiated a stage of normalizing African Americans as second-class citizens. However, over time those ideas began to be questioned.

Counted slaves as two-thirds of a person because they needed to find some way of preserving slavery in the southern states.

U.S depended heavily on the large-scale plantation and labor that was executed by the African community, forcibly.

While the U.S built and expanded, it was at the expense of removing native people from their native land.

As a result of passing some power over to those who speak different languages, they began fighting for independence because one national unity was not ideal.

Believing that all people are equal.

Development of industries.

Growing nationalism led to the desire of independence.

Glorious Rev. of 1688: intro to liberalism and two faiths living under one government.

speaking the same language brought together three pieces of land to unify under one. England, Scotland, and Wales

withdraw formally from membership

New components introduced to Japan allowed for a stronger military and autonomy to form.

1867: The Western desire and interference led to the fall of the shogunate.

Centralized: control under a single authority.

Monarchy: head of the state until death

feudal system: Landowners provide land in exchange for loyalty and service.

Japan, another strong state known for its crazy modern and industrial force.

This brings up the question of why would the German people give up its own sovereignty knowing that maybe they would receive stability in return.

Germany's division after the defeat of Hitler and the Nazi Power.

The fall of the kaiser and the growth of the Weimar Republic reflected the growing need of a democratic system which failed to pay back reparations, hence the final downfall of the WR

The military's strength was able to carry out its state's capacity and provide the resources needed that was demanded by the people.

Bismark was able to gobble territory because of the common language that also grabbed the attention of German-speaking people.

highlighted characteristics that made Bismarcks mission possible.

Characteristics of mostly strong states

consolidation: making something stronger!

U.S role in Afghanistan proves that the state is weak given international intervention and conflict.

Weak states tend to have more space for disaster or conflict which results in the UN's role of restoring or rebuilding damages in those states.

state consolidation: The State coming together in terms of making agreements, resolving disputes, etc.

Weber sees modern states as bureaucracy and rational legal authority, not necessarily as the role was passed down to someone.

Weber, define the state as a monopoly of force over territory.

the system is increasing its oppression

This suggest that traditional legitimacy was coming into play. Long term ways of viewing systems and values and ways of living prohibited changes for Black communities.

because African Americans were not making enough money, they couldn't purchase land; suggesting that the continued cycle of oppression continued.

After slavery was abolished, the policy makers still found ways to keep African Americans in this cruel system that forced them to work for cheap labor under horrible conditions.

Supreme Cases such as Dred Scott vs. Sanford is an example that the institutions were in favor of creating a society that was in favor of the white population. Thus, lowering the capabilities and opportunities for the black community.

For the United States, the labor was profitable and used as a means of accepting the new norm of taking the people by their will and forcing them into a cycle of enslavement.

the conditions many enslaved communities felt already put them at a disadvantage.

RELIGIOUS roles established power so strong that they enslaved the black community.

accepting that our society and our institutions have long dehumanized the population of minority groups, especially to those of African decent.

Suggest their is a lack of communication between generations.

Political leader's perspective

This long system of enslavement existed under a traditionary legitimate society.

Awakened is often referenced as a time of experiencing new things and realizing how these experiences shape us.

While trauma is passed down, we don't recognize that it's continued presence has long lasting effects.