Diseases and Disorders
With the help of smell of urine one determine the reason for that such as: • A smell of ammonia could indicate dehydration. • A musty smell might mean liver disease. • A foul smell could indicate a bladder infection. • A sweet smell could mean diabetes. Even sometimes it's just the foods we eat, including asparagus, alcohol, coffee, and garlic. Taking smell as a indication is used as urine analysis test and used in laboratory for the purpose of diagnosis.
Kidney(s)
Even though they receive higher amount about from heart which is less than liver interesting thing about kidney is They filter a half-cup of blood every minute, which works out to be 45 gallons of blood per day—or enough to fill a small bathtub and Over a lifetime, the kidneys will clean approximately one million gallons of water into pee.
source:https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/574564/kidney-facts
The afferent arterioles service about 1.3 million nephrons in each kidney.
People only need a minimum of 300,000 nephrons to filter blood properly of whole body, and one kidney is more than enough to fulfill this purpose. So, a person can live a healthy life even with one kidney.
The kidneys are well vascularized, receiving about twenty-five percent of the cardiac output at rest.
Kidney is the organ that receives the most cardiac output than other organs as higher level is required for the glomeruli to filter and excrete the metabolic waste products of the whole body.
The male kidney is typically a bit larger than the female kidney.
Reason behind differences would found in the volume distribution among the kidney zones. The cortex was larger in males than in females, whereas the medulla was conspicuously larger in females than in males. The greater volume of the cortex in males was mainly due to a more extensive development of proximal tubules. Apart from these difference found there difference in salt balancing in both sexes. females have more optimized kidney than male in-terms of sodium regulation even in hypotension.
regulation of pH
Regulation of body fluid pH is one of the most important physiological functions of homeostasis, because activity of most chemical reactions via enzyme proteins is dependent on fluid pH. Even with a little increment in pH can cause a big issue in body. To maintain it buffering system is used.A typical example is elevation of lactic acid production in skeletal muscle in response to strenuous exercise, which leads to body fluid acidosis, preventing muscle contraction.