Estas dibujando en la pared????

That's fucking awesome.

The teachers were already bilingual. And, there was no bilingual program in the school yet.

Two solitudes premise: The idea that bilinguals store their languages separately in mind. (False)

Qualitative study.

BODY organized a lot like this:

I. The introduction (usually one paragraph) 1. Introduces the texts to be synthesized: (i) Gives the title of each source (following the citation guidelines of whatever style<br /> sheet you are using);<br /> (ii) Provides the name of each author; (ii) Sometimes also provides pertinent background information about the authors, about the texts to be summarized or about the general topic from which the texts are drawn.

INTRODUCTION organized a lot like this:

I. The introduction (usually one paragraph) 1. Contains a one-sentence statement that sums up the focus of your synthesis. 2. Also introduces the texts to be synthesized: (i) Gives the title of each source (following the citation guidelines of whatever style<br /> sheet you are using);<br /> (ii) Provides the name of each author; (ii) Sometimes also provides pertinent background information about the authors, about the texts to be summarized, or about the general topic from which the texts are drawn.

Background synthesis: Doesn't need an argument, simply an overview of the current state of information and discourse.

Thesis-Driven Synthesis: Combines info to support a larger point.

Synthesis searches for links between materials for the purpose of constructing a thesis or theory.

CHAPTER 33: SYNTHESIS FOR RESEARCH WRITING

Sounds familiar.

Interesting. Kinda reminds me of that thing that also happened here when North American natives would move into the cities from the reservations.

This sounds a lot like the thing of If you don't know how to speak SAE, then you are unprepared to be in the modern and educated world.

How fascinating!! Change, malleability.

Oh my god.

Very good to note. Multilingaul kingdom of Mapungubwe.

Riley Mukavetz, Powell "All our Relations"

pluriversal: world where many worlds exist. Relationality: people who have experienced colonial difference in diverse geopolitical locations participate in a dialogue aimed at seeking understanding, “balance and harmony of life on the planet”

Amen.

This is where it is relevant to my paper.

There is not one way to decolonize.

Literally a translingual practice.

WORK CITED ENTRY: 1. Author. 2. Title of Source. 3. Title of Container, 4. Other Contributors, 5. Version, 6. Number, 7. Publisher, 8. Publication date, 9. Location (If Applicable) URL or page number 10. Date of Access (If Applicable)

WORKS CITED PAGE

1. Start the Works Cited page on a separate page. This should be the last page of your paper.
2. Margins and pagination (last name and page number on the top right) remain the same as the rest of the paper. Title the page Works Cited.
3. Center the title
4. Do not italicize the title
5. Only the title is centered; the rest of the page is left justified
6. The entire Works Cited should be double-spaced.
7. Do not add a space between citations (i.e., do not add an extra double space between citations).
8. Citations should be in alphabetical order.

CHAPTER 48: MLA WORKS CITED

If another source is cited within your source, it is called an “indirect source. When citing this, use “qtd. in” to indicate the source you actually consulted . For example:

However, Ben Bonham argues that banjos are superior instruments “due to their long history in American folk music” (qtd. in Hulett 259).

WHAT DO I DO? Pt 2 Internet sources. If it no author listed, use the website name and article name.

Time-Based Media: Videos, podcastsm etc. When citing a movie, video, podcast, or any other media that has a run-time, include the range of hours, minutes and seconds you plan to reference. (Dungey, "Ask a Slave Ep 1" 00:00-00:05)

WHAT DO I DO?

**More than one author? ** 2 authors (Smith and Jones 23) More than 2 authors (Smith et al 23)

Sources with no page numbers? No author? Both? (Pauling 113) or ("Bilingual Minds")

ALWAYS CITE 1. Direct quotes 2. Statistics 3. Ideas that aren't yours. 4. Someone else's opinion. 5. Concrete facts not considered common knowledge.

Your paper should include no more than 25% direct quotes (and many instructors will think this is too high a percentage). If you have too many direct quotes, paraphrase information from your source instead of using direct quotes. Remember: you are writing this paper. Your words should be the most prominent aspect of your paper.

When we use MLA format, we do this with the goal of clearly indicating what sources we are using, identify the location of the info we used, and being able to confirm our accuracy!

APA vs MLA

APA: Authors last name, year.

MLA: Author Last Name Page Number

When to Paraphrase: 1. When the info is what we need to communicate, rather than the language. 2. To make the information easier to understand. 3. Good ideas/information, but poor phrasing. 4. The original language doesn't matter.

When to Quote: 1.Looking at specific language. 2. Using someone's argument to respond to. 3. To support our points. 4. Changing the language might lessen the impact or meaning. 5. We want to preserve the impact of the original statement..

Of course, in-text citations make themself known by being put between parenthesis (Alissa 45) Kinda like that. (MLA citation.)

CHAPTER 47: MLA PARENTHETICAL OR IN-TEXT CITATIONS

Step 4

Step 3

Step 2

Step 1

Gonna keep this,

Media influence is STRONGER than personal experience. Most people get their learning in general from media.

Study uses interviews with people with OCD and fictional media analysis (primarily film.)

Yessir. Language does reveal the private identity. "You have confessed your parents, your youth, your school, your salary, your self-esteem, and, alas, your future."

YES! THIS! Basically, there why should a person have to hide being recognizably black because it makes white people uncomfortable?

Limitation: Small sample size.

While sociolect speakers disclosed greater discomfort in the academic research environment, mentors reported, for some categories, significantly higher barriers to mentoring this group of trainees (without knowing that they identified as sociolect speakers). These observations raise questions about the role of language variety in bias in academia aside from gender and visually-observed race or ethnicity.

Scientific English must be mastered in order for the trainee to publish and formally present their research and from there to gain a career research position.

Because speakers of a language intuitively associate language variety with unrelated personal characteristics speakers of lower-prestige varieties of English are often misjudged by speakers of SAE, such as faculty and administration.

There was a study about this! I will need to find it, but basically, someone speaking with an accent was percieved as not being specific enough when the person speaking a british accent was saying the same thing but percieved as smarter.

Most societies around the world recognize a prestige dialect and one or more stigmatized dialects and hold strong views on the inherent superiority of the prestige dialect. Sociolinguists refer to this perspective as prescriptivism

According to social psychologists, the dominant group tends to judge dialect and sociolect speakers as less credible, trustworthy, or knowledgeable, regardless of the content of their speech

Explicit (Declarative): Memories that can be put into words. Split into two: 1. Episodic (events personally experienced) 2. Semantic memory (knowledge about words, concepts, and laguage-based knowledge and facts)

Implicit (Non-Declarative): Outside of awareness and can't be consciously recalled. Broken into 3: 1. Implicit procedural memory: You know how to ride a bike after doing it a couple times and never stop knowing how. You just do. 2. Implicit priming: During priming exposure to a stimulus affects the response to a later stimulus. 3. Implicit emotional conditioning: Specific smells causing specific emotional responses, or certain music doing the same.

Semantic networks are made of related concepts (categories of info) Because of something known as spreading activation, when one part a network is activated, associated concepts are easier to remember! When I think dinosaurs, my biology brain activates, too, and so does my childhood memories brain. Cool stuff!

LONG TERM MEMORY IS INFINITE!! HAHAHAHA!! YES! II CAN LEARN ANYTHING I WANT!

Craik and Lockhart (1972) proposed that the deeper you think about something the more you will remember it.

RICHARD ATKINSON and RICHARD SCHIRFFIN (1968) For things to go into LTM, they have to go through sensory memory and short term memory. Stimuli goes here, but quickly disappears unless we see it as valuable, to which case it is sent to STM.

STM lasts 15-30 seconds, Sometimes connects it to something in LTM.

Self-reference effect is the tendency to remember info that relates to you better than stuff that doesn't.

Semantic (Meaning), Visual (Vision) Accoustic (Sound).

These work together, high imagery words are encoded both visually AND semantically, thus building a stronger memory. dog, car, book, are easier to remember than level, value, and truth.

Also, mnumonics work because we pair semantic and acoustic encoding. SONGs!

ENCODING, STORING, RETRIEVING 1. Encoding: Input of info into memory system from environment.

Automatic processing: Done without conscious awareness, like recalling, time, space, frequency, and meaning of words.

Effortful processing: More work and attention to encode.

Memory: Set of processes used to encode, store. and retrieve info over time.

CHAPTER 8: MEMORY

consider criteria such as the type of source, its intended purpose and audience, the author’s (or authors’) qualifications, the publication’s reputation, any indications of bias or hidden agendas, how current the source is, and the overall quality of the writing, thinking, and design.

Skimming is okay in the context of deciding whether the source is relevant or not. It's OKAY! You don't need to read EVERY article you come across to see if it is relevant. That'd take AGES.

CHAPTER 42: Evaluating Sources

Ask yourself:

Is it relevant?

Is it reliable?

Newspapers and magazines are for broad audiences, easy to read. Inform, entertain, persuade.

Scholarly journals are for smaller and more expert audiences. Highly educated. Inform, mostly. MORE RELIABLE. (Where where you my whole LIFE?)

Ask yourself which kind of sources will give you what you're looking for.

Primary sources are direct, firsthand sources of information or data.

Historical documents such as diaries or letters, interviews, literary texts, autobiographies or other personal accounts, and research articles.

Secondary sources discuss, interpet, analyze, consolidate, or otherwise rework info from primary sources.

Magazine articles, biographical books, literary or scientific review and TV documentaries.

CHAPTER 41: GATHERING RELIABLE INFORMATION

CREATING A RESEARCH PLAN -Identify the focus of your argument. it is not possible to include every topic in your research. -What kinds of sources do you want to gather? If you want data, go to databases to find sources. From when? -Decide on your topic, narrow it down, consider central question, develop sub-questions, and create a bibliography throughout. -DO THESE FIRST TRUST ME THEY WILL HELP IN THE LONG RUN JUST THINK A LITTLE DAMMIT.

CHAPTER 38: Developing Your Research Process

Thesis Statements: -Argumentative central claim of the paper that the ENTIRE paper is based around. -Be SPECIFIC. If the subject is broad, narrow it down until you get to a specific part of that topic. -Be PRECISE. Specific part chosen, great! Now, what about it? -Can it be ARGUED? Not a factual statement, contains a point of view able to be supported with evidence. -Can it be DEMONSTRATED? The evidence part. -Be ASSERTIVE! Shows readers you are taking a stance. -Be CONFIDENT! No "I feels" in it.

CHAPTER 10: THESIS DEVELOPMENT

Purpose: Why are you writing this? Is at the center of the rhetorical situation.

Now she reads over the expectations of her writing situation, considers her audience, develops her tone to match her audience’s expectations, writes in multiple sittings, asks a friend or colleague to read what she has written, and then makes her writing public.** –your job as a college writer is to determine which process works best for you. **

You'll write differently depending on who you are writing for.

There's no coordinates like one's domicile.

There's no place like home.

BE PRECISE. AVOID VAGUENESS AND VARY YOUR VERBS

Avoid the word "society." Society is a lot like "It was awesome." Lots of things can be awesome. Society can mean a lot of things, too.

If you can specify which “society” you are referring to, you will not only clarify your analysis but also discover new insights concerning the significance of your perspective to a specific group.

"Society is awesome." means completely nothing! Haha!

Write the writing you like.

Read the instructions so you know what you should be looking for.

Read the entire thing from beginning to end.

Read it again.

Look at the organization and try to infer the argument of the work and see if it holds up with the writing in front of you.

Be honest. Your dedication will help them succeed. The peer review process has the potential to help you create a much stronger and more focused essay. Try to be open to the process and give honest and thoughtful critiques.

Look for patterns of responses you receive from multiple peer reviewers. If they all notice the same thing, pay attention to that.

Ugly Baby Syndrome: When a writer perceives constructive criticism as calling your baby ugly.

Perhaps your baby just needs a haircut. Or maybe your baby needs a diaper change. Your baby is still your creation, and you have opportunities to make your ideas shine. Fortunately, you can improve your writing,.

Good feedback includes what the writer did well, what they could improve on, and TANGIBLE steps towards improvement.

Peer feedback activities have an educational purpose which is putting the writer into the position of the reader and with this switch, reflecting on and improving one’s own writing.

CH13: PROOFREADING+PEER REVIEW

Slices of various fruit pies on white paper plates, photo by Ryan Dickey, used under CC BY 2.0 license.

Take a look at the picture above. Notice anything? No two slices are the same. So it should be in your essay. Each paragraph should do its own job, have its own focus.

TEAR and PIE

Topic Sentence Evidence Analysis Reflection

Point Illustration Explanation

CONCLUDING SENTENCES

Rely on points you've proven in this paragraph to serve as the springboard for the next paragraph.

TOPIC SENTENCES

AVOID "firstly" "Secondly" "Finally" If you know where the essay is going, you can transfer your readers smoothly from the analysis of one aspect of the text to the next with meaningful connections and statements rather than empty transitional phrases.

Topic sentence: summarizes the main idea of the paragraph; presents a claim that supports your thesis.

Supporting sentences: examples, details, and explanations that support the topic sentence (and claim).

Concluding sentence: gives the paragraph closure by relating the claim back to the topic sentence and thesis statement.

EVIDENCE:

FACTS are the best kind of evidence because they cannot be disputed. However, you may need explain them to your audience as to WHY they are fact.

JUDGEMENTS are conclusions you draw from the facts. More credible than opinion because founded on reasoning and examination of the topic.

TESTIMONY. Eyewitnesses or experts who have direct experience with a subject.

PERSONAL OBSERVATION author's own testimony.

Primary support: Major points you'll be expanding on to PROVE your thesis. Make sure they match up or else the argument will not be coherent or convincing.

Incorporate these points into each topic sentence.

The thesis is not very specific, but the body paragraphs are. Using detailed support shows readers that you have considered all the facts and chosen only the most precise details to enhance your point of view.

THE SCARY FIRST PARAGRAPH!

1. The hook. First line or two. Relevant attempt to draw in reader's attention. "This essay will be about" is INCREDIBLY boring and you've lost all your fish.

2. Background info. Necessary information. Main points, why the topic is important (worth reading about) and then just set up the expectations for the greater essay.

3. Thesis: "Backbone of Essay" Clear, specific, End of introduction typically. REALLY gives expectations of the essay.

CH11: Paragraphs!!!

Topic outlines and sentence outlines are formatted similarly.

1. Thesis statement under roman numeral I for highest importance idea.
2. Use the rest of the roman numerals to identify main points that develop thesis. 3.Capital letters divide each point into parts.
3. Arabic numerals (1,2,3,4, etc.) to divide sub-sub points.

Order and organization is very important. It helps keep your points in focus so that you stay strong all the way through.

Common ways you can do it is chronologically, spatially, or in order of importance.

Chronological (Best for describing events)

To tell a story or relate an experience To explain the history of an event or a topic To introduce the steps in a process

Spatial (Best for describing locations)

To help readers visualize something as you want them to see it To create a main impression using the senses (sight, touch, taste, smell, and sound)

Order of Importance (Best for describing objects and people)

To persuade or convince To rank items by their importance, benefit, or significance

CHAPTER 9 OUTLINING

SLEEP GOOD! -Increased capacity for creative thinking, language learning, making inferential judgements. and processing emotional information.

Sleep rebound refers to the fact that a sleep- deprived individual will fall asleep more quickly during subsequent opportunities for sleep

Sleep deprivation leads to decreased mental alertness and cognitive function. Also, -Depression-like symptoms -Obesity -Increased blood pressure -Higher stress hormone levels -Reduced immune functioning. AFFECTS MOTOR+COGNITIVE FUNCTION MORE THAN ALCOHOL. If someone stays awake for 48 consecutive hours, they could hallucinate.

Pineal Gland releases melatonin, which regulates our sleep-wake cycle.

suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) -Located in hypothalamus (homeostasis) -light sensitive neurons in retina to try to synchronize our internal clock with our day-night cycle.

Circadian Rhythm: One of many biological rhythms, which occur in cyclical patterns. CR is a bio-rhythm that takes place over a 24 hour period. Sleep-wake cycle, warm-cool body temperature cycle, etc.

Sleep: State marked by low levels of physical activity and sensory awareness.

Wakefulness: High levels of sensory awareness, thought, and behavior.

Consciousness describes our awareness of internal (pain, hunger, thirst, sleepiness, thoughts, emotions) and external (seeing the light from the sun, feeling warmth of a room, hearing voice of a friend) stimuli.

CHAPTER 4- STATES OF CONSCIOUSNESS

CHAPTER 3 - BIOPSYCHOLOGY

Single-blind: Only researcher knows who is being assigned to what group. Double-blind: Both the researcher and the participants don't know which group the participants will be put into.

A random sample is a subset of a larger population in which every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected. With random assignment, all participants have an equal chance of being assigned to either group.

Illusory correlations, or false correlations, occur when people believe that relationships exist between two things when no such relationship exists.

Longitudinal research: A research design in which data-gathering is administered repeatedly over an extended period of time. Very informative, but incredible time and financial investment. Sometimes, both participants and researcher cannot see these projects to their end. High attrition rate (reduction in the number of research participants due to dropouts)

In cross-sectional research, a researcher compares multiple segments of the population at the same time.

Archival research: Using existing records or data sets to try to answer various research questions, like looking for interesting patterns or relationships.

Surveys: List of questions to be answered by participants. Not the most accurate, but very good for getting a lot of information from a large sample size.

Naturalistic Observation is where the researcher will observe the subjects' behavior in its natural environment. Observer bias is a major problem in this type of research, where the subjects might change their behavior just because they are being watched.

Clinical/Case Studies are where scientists focus on one person or just a few individuals for their observational research.

A scientific hypothesis is also falsifiable, or capable of being shown to be incorrect.

A hypothesis is a testable prediction about how the world will behave if our idea is correct.

A theory is a well-developed set of ideas that propose an explanation for observed phenomena.

THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD Circular, as in, the types of reasoning within it are inseperable, like inhaling and exhaling.

Deductive: Ideas are tested in real world.

Inductive: Real world observations lead to new ideas.

some of the first experimental psychology laboratories in South America were founded by Horatio Piñero (1869–1919) at two institutions in Buenos Aires, Argentina.

In India, Gunamudian David Boaz (1908–1965) and Narendra Nath Sen Gupta (1889–1944) established the first independent departments of psychology at the University of Madras and the University of Calcutta, respectively.

Scientific knowledge is empirical: It is grounded in objective, tangible evidence that can be observed time and time again, regardless of who is observing.

CHAPTER 2

MAJOR SUBDIVISIONS

Biopsychology/Evolutionary Psychology (How our biology influences our behavior.)

Sensation and perception (How physiological and psychological sensory information interact.)

Cognitive Psych (Focuses on studying mental processes that underlie our behavior.)

Developmental Psych (Psychological development across a lifetime.) Jean Piaget, there you are.

Personality Psych (Patterns of thoughts and behaviors influence traits of individual personalities. Five Factor Model of conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness, and extraversion.

Social Psych (How we interact and relate to others.) Stanley Milgram's obedience study.

Industrial-Organizational Psych (Applies psychological principles, theories and research findings to industrial and organizational settings.)

Health Psych (How health is affected by interactions between biological, psychological and sociocultural factors.

Sport and Exercise Psych (psychological aspects of sport performance,)

Clinical Psych ( diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders and other problematic patterns of behavior.) CBT

Forensic Psych (questions of psychology as they arise in the context of the justice system. )

Psychological associations

APA. 56 divisions, founded in 1892 by G. Stanley Hall. APS (Association of Psychological Science) NLPA (National Latina Psychological Association.) AAPA (Asian American Psychological Association) ABPsi (Association of Black Psychologists) SIP (Society of Indian Psychologists.)

Inez Beverly Prosser (1895-1934) African-American

• Prosser was the first African American woman awarded the PhD in 1933 at the University of Cincinnati

-Researched the self-esteem and personality variables of black children from integrated versus segregated schools and concluded that black children did tend to fare better with black students and among other black students. These conclusions were controversial during the decades of Brown V. Board in 1954. Brown V Board was supported by some prominent African-Americans such as Carter Woodson and W.E.B. DuBois, who reluctantly endorsed segregated schools until such time that prejudicial attitudes of white teachers would sufficiently change to offer a positive experience for black children.

https://www.apa.org/monitor/2008/11/prosser

Martha Bernal (1931-2001) Hispanic American

• first woman of Mexican descent to successfully complete her PhD in clinical psychology. (1962) Indiana University.

• In 1966, the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) gave her a grant to establish a laboratory to study orienting responses and classical conditioning in autistic children.

• In 1986, Bernal became a professor at Arizona State University, where she focused on finding out how Mexican-American children developed their identities and how schools could improve their efforts to provide clinical psychologists with training in minority mental health issues. (https://www.apa.org/pi/oema/resources/ethnicity-health/psychologists/bernal)

Mary Whiton Calkins (1863-1930) American

-Completed all requirements for a PhD but Harvard refused to award it to her for her gender.

-First female APA (American Psychological Association) president, the 14th APA president.

-First female president of the American Philosophical Association as well.

-Published 100+ papers, mainly about dreams, memory, and the self.

George. I. Sanchez (1906-1972) Mexican-American

-FROM NEW MEXICOOOOOO

-Much of the work of early psychologists from diverse backgrounds was dedicated to challenging intelligence testing and promoting innovative educational methods for children.

-Pointed out language and cultural barriers in testing.

-Taught with a doctoral degree at the University of Texas to challenge segregated educational practices.

-Civil rights activist, 13th president of LULAC. (League of United Latin American Citizens.)

-Former faculty member at UNM.

Margaret Floy Washburn (1871-1939) American

-1894: First woman awarded doctoral degree in Psychology.

• Wrote The Animal Mind: A Textbook of Comparative Psychology

-2nd Female APA (American Psychological Association) President.

• Motor Theory of Consciousness: The basic premise of her work was that thinking was based in movement. Thus, consciousness is linked to motor activity.

Mamie Phipps Clark (1917-1983) and her husband, Kenneth Bancroft Clark (1903-1983) (Not to be confused with British art historian Kenneth Clark.)

• They are best known for their studies conducted on African American children and doll preference, research that was instrumental in the Brown v. Board of Education Supreme Court desegregation case.

-The Clarks applied their research to social services and opened the first child guidance center in Harlem.

Francis Cecil Sumner (1895-1954)

-First African American to receive a PhD in psychology in 1920.

-Established a degree program at Howard University to educate a new generation of African American psychologists, taught there for over 30 years.

-"Father of Black Psychology"

-American leader in educational reform for black students. Advocated for better funding in black schools, sought to culturally elevate African Americans, and stressed the importance of learning trades.

-Viewed African American culture as young, and Sumner's views on "Negro Education" grew attention and criticism from individuals and organizations like the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) who were concerned that Sumner was advocating for perpetually segregated education systems. (Source: Wikipedia)

Scientific research is empirical, grounded in objective, tangible evidence.

Operational definitions and replication are VERY IMPORTANT!! to proving a theory.

Theory: -Organizes observations. -EXPLAINS principles. -Predicts behavior or events.

Scientific Method: Organizational and self-correcting process for evaluatating ideas with observation and analysis.

VIDEO NOTES:

Some of the questions didn't allow me to answer.

rhetorical situation, or the circumstances under which you communicate.

Key term.

Open Educational Resource (OER) text, which means it was created using free and available sources on the Internet,

OER=Open Educational Resource. I'm assuming this is meaning that, in it's openness, that it is susceptible to change and revision?