79 Matching Annotations
  1. Mar 2023
    1. You can also do this by expanding your body’s bandwidth for emotions and change how you interact. If you notice that somatically you lean over, lower your voice or hesitate when engaging with others, you can teach your body to keep going, speak up and stand tall- and notice how empowering it is to try a new way of being.

      從身體著手,當你發現身體很畏縮、害怕的時候,先暫停一下,試著改變成身體挺直、音量很大的姿態

    2. One of the ways to unravel the shambles of shame is catching yourself when your mind starts spewing negative, shame filled thoughts, and replace them with more appropriate ones.

      有點像是當你發現內在負面對話進行的時候,用適當的方式對話

    1. Unnatural and unnecessary desires

      要把需求分輕重,滿足那些重要的,不管那些不重要的 其中一個標準似乎是自然的、必要的

    2. He thought the greatest pleasure was ataraxia: a state of tranquility in which we are free from anxiety.

      伊比鳩魯,強調pleasure,但是在此,pleausure並不是那種歡愉享受,而是一種平靜,一種不會受焦慮所苦的狀態

    1. The pre-commitment is important here, because it’s hard to make the call to quit when you’re in the middle of something and don’t want to feel like you’re taking a loss or that you’ve wasted time on it.

      設定停損點

    1. This cognitive behavioral therapy technique just asks you to get into bed, leave your eyes open, and focus on staying awake, instead of falling asleep

      矛盾意象法

    2. Realize that the next day is going to get a little bit rough. You're going to be tired, but do your best." And remember that sleep should come much easier the following evening.

      有時候就接納這樣的睡眠問題

    3. it's best to avoid screens (like phones and computers) and strong lights, as they greatly affect your sleep.

      所以不只是起來做事,也要記得不要去接觸螢幕

    4. "We're classically conditioning our brains to understand that in bed is where insomnia happens. It's not a place where we drift off to sleep, but instead where we toss and turn."

      這就是臨床上常跟病人說的,不要讓你的身體以為這裡不是睡覺的地方

  2. Feb 2023
    1. Chukurah Ali says it felt silly to her too, initially. "I'm like, 'OK, I'm talking to a bot, it's not gonna do nothing; I want to talk to a therapist," Ali says, then adds, as if she still cannot believe it herself: "But that bot helped!"

      如果我知道我相處的是機器人,我會感覺不好,或覺得不用特別用心對待... 但如果我知道機器人只是作為助理,背後有一個真的人,也許感覺會好一點

    2. Tekin says there's a risk that teenagers, for example, might attempt AI-driven therapy, find it lacking, then refuse the real thing with a human being. "My worry is they will turn away from other mental health interventions saying, 'Oh well, I already tried this and it didn't work,' " she says.

      如果體驗很差,可能會讓人拒絕真的治療

    1. We should, of course, continue to strive to make it easier for people to open up about their mental health problems in the right setting. But we have to get rid of the rhetoric that pressures people to break the silence without regard for why they are silent or if speaking would benefit them.

      這是本篇重點,並不是要去說silence會有什麼優點,說出來的優點確實比較大,可是有時候一個人沈默是有原因的,要去理解沈默的意涵

    1. Even if you don’t know yet what your purpose in life is, you can take steps towards investigating potential sources of purpose.

      就是我跟個案說的,你不是躺著就會哪天知道你目標,你需要出門去看看探索

    2. this liminal space can also be seen as a playground, full of opportunities for growth and discovery. Enjoy the journey by exploring different paths and learning about yourself along the way.

      對自己的限制,可以抱著好奇與探索的心情,不要只想抗拒、逃避

    3. lack of purpose is associated with depression and self-derogation.

      常聽個案會說:我沒有什麼想做的事情。 這裡是指目標,而不會讓覺得是指意義。

    1. Not because they get something measurable in return, but simply because abundance is a choice. And making choices celebrates our agency and potential.

      當一個慷慨的人,不是因為可以得到什麼,而是因為這是一個選擇,而當我們願意去做「選擇」,會讓我們做主性、意義感都更好

    1. “Many people have equated my tidying method with minimalism, but it's quite different. ... Minimalism advocates living with less; the KonMari Method™ encourages living among items you truly cherish.

      斷捨離的重點在:留

    2. You didn’t start from the inside-out.

      意思是不是這樣的東西不是由內到外的,就是他不會反映你,甚至可能不適合你

    3. You’re exhausted, and you haven’t made any progress. So you end up with a decision that won’t force you to start over. It’s the least offensive choice.

      就是說極簡主義,其實也像是一種最保守的策略,譬如:如果努力但是會失敗,不如乾脆不努力就好。這種策略可以讓我們避開很多風險,但也很無聊

    1. You can use boredom as a guide, scheduling stimulating work during your energized hours and reserving more tiresome tasks for when you need a break.

      因為有專注的時候,也有無聊的時候,我們可以調配我們的精力在適當的任務

    2. boredom reveals an important aspect of being human: we have a strong need to be engaged with the world around us,

      有點像是關鍵在於我們要自己做主、主動參與這個世界。如果只是被帶著走,並不行

    3. You can find fascination and reward in your work by entertaining your curiosity or connecting with the meaning behind your job.

      無聊的感覺不是不可以處理的,藉由讓這件事情變得有趣、好奇、跟意義連結,可以從工作中得到吸引、獎賞

    1. One thing for you to try this week

      可以做一件事情,試著從那些耗盡你很多心力、時間的事情中短暫抽身,可能可以很簡短短暫

    1. Mixed emotions may bring unhappiness, but they can also bring meaning to life.

      我覺得「意義」或許是不同聲音的突破口,就像是要不要上學,這只是表面上的兩個決定,重點是兩個不同聲音背後的意涵,這些意涵或許並不會衝突,或者一定不會衝突,因為他背後會是兩個價值觀,而不會相互否定,從這兩個不同的重視的東西/意義,會統整出後續的決定

    2. Once you are more comfortable with your mixed emotions, start to explore the richness that ambivalence can bring to your understanding of your life.

      這很像是我使用內在家庭系統

    3. the independent measure of mixed emotions also pushed well-being down, and by more than negative emotions alone

      有點像是臨床上,可能會有人比起矛盾的去思考一件事情,直接討厭對方、否定對方,可能對他比較簡單

    1. With self-compassion, you’ll think, I’m going to try because I care about myself and I don’t want to suffer. That kind of motivation “leads to more self-confidence,” Neff says. When you can sit with your pain and think through what you might need to achieve your goal—like waking up earlier for runs or scheduling them on your phone calendar—instead of spiraling over all the ways you’re failing, you’ll overcome challenges, building confidence and belief in yourself as you go

      自我慈悲不會讓人比較廢,反而是可以更健康、適應的改變

    2. I’ll try harder because I feel inadequate.

      短期的衝刺,自我貶抑或是否定,看似有用,但是長期來說,會有負面效果

    1. To help enhance work detachment and relaxation during the commute, commuters could try to avoid ruminating about the workday and instead focus on personally fulfilling uses of the commute time, such as listening to music or podcasts, or calling a friend.

      提升通勤休息品質的方式,是不要去一直反芻工作內容,可以做點無關的使用,譬如跟朋友聊天、聽音樂等等

    2. remote workers may benefit from creating their own form of commute to provide liminal space for recovery and transition—such as a 15-minute walk to mark the beginning and end of the workday.

      刻意的15分鐘走路,也可以幫助區分工作的結束,設定界線

    3. One woman told the Washington Post that even though she was working from home, she regularly sat in her car in the driveway at the end of the workday in an attempt to carve out some personal time and mark the transition from work to non-work roles.

      好誇張,刻意去的創造通勤的時間

    1. Accepting negative feelings isn’t always the healthiest choice for your mental well-being.

      有時候還是要採取不同行動,譬如如果是人際問題,有可能需要設定界線....

    1. 3. You let personal stress build up inside of you (rather than sharing it)

      有壓力或是困擾,與其說「這跟你無關,我只是很煩...」,還是說出來、分享,會來的比較好。

      通常這樣子會有兩種表現,但都是對關係有害。易怒或疏離。

    2. Have a conversation around how much time the new thing will realistically take and whether it might take away time from something that’s important between the two of you

      要有新的活動或是新的工作,重點是可以先討論,這些新的事情可能會佔掉多少心力、會不會影響本來的生活,不只是個人生活,也包括親密關係

    3. 1. You take on the majority of your shared responsibilities

      如果一開始,只有一方多做一點,因為愛多方、想照顧對方,那沒有問題。因為好似沒有過於負擔,但是如果當一些事情慢慢浮現,出現新的工作,這種多做一點就會產生怨恨,譬如可以已經被彼此都視為理所當然、難以重新協調,或者已經快累倒

    1. It turns out that for decades we’ve completely been missing that there are a significant segment of people who go on to not only recover but to enjoy key aspects of the good life.”

      有點像是創傷後成長的感覺,就是罹病的人並不一定是更差,有些人可能有更多收穫

    2. it meant that depression only reduced people’s chances of thriving by about half.

      這個解釋空間很大,很難完全說是這個原因。但總之就是有一小群人在罹病後反而是更好的

    3. It’s not uncommon to experience high levels of well-being after mental health problems

      標題會讓人想到,有些人疾病改善後,就寫書 但似乎並不需要改善

    4. we might be judging normal human experiences like nervousness, stress, and discomfort too harshly.

      這邊講的就是,我們對於一些負面感受如果太排拒,我們是無法成長的,那些感受也許沒那麼可怕到我們需要逃跑,稍微靠近一點,我們可能會更好

    5. Leaning into uncomfortable feelings could help us achieve bigger life goals

      一些不舒服的感受可以幫助我們,就很像牧羊少年奇幻之旅裡面提到,這些不舒服的東西是反而會讓我們更清楚方向、更前進

    6. Meaning might seem lofty and unattainable, but this research suggests that we might be able to find it in the small things.

      很重要,不要把意義當作是很崇高、難以完成的事情,不是這樣才有意義

    7. Prior research has found that meaning in life is driven by having a sense of purpose, feeling like your life matters, and feeling like the world makes sense. But this paper found that appreciating experiences may be another key driver of meaning.

      當然,有目的感、覺得生活很重要、覺得世界是自己同意的,也很重要。 但是另外一件重要的事情就是懂得欣賞經驗

    8. The researchers found that students who reflected on an experience they appreciated reported a greater sense of meaning compared to students who just reflected on a recent trip

      如果只是想到特定的旅行,反而意義感沒那麼強,意義感比較強的人是能夠欣賞小瞬間的那些人

    9. appreciating small moments

      欣賞小的瞬間很重要,但有一個延伸問題是:要怎麼啟動這樣的欣賞,如果有些人就是無心做這件事情呢?

  3. Mar 2021
    1. “Symptom components and maladaptive traits can be thought of as the constituent parts of broader mental health syndromes.  For example, social anxiety is a syndrome that brings together various expressions of performance and social interaction anxiety… Syndromes are conceptualized as dimensional tendencies to experience related symptoms and maladaptive traits.  In other words, they are continuously distributed concepts, not categories, that span a range of severity.”

      我不認為有比較好

    1. The most recent review of antidepressant therapy for depression in cancer patients did not show a significant improvement from placebo,

      還需更多研究來確定

    2. simply discussing the wish for more rapid death did not cause distress, and that nearly 80% of patients felt it was an important topic for the care team to discuss.

      自殺應該被討論

    3. cancers with less than 5-year survival rates correlated to higher suicide risk, leading some to wonder whether the type of cancer is more important than the cancer diagnosis.

      存活期5年內的病人有更高的自殺率

    4. cancer population is at higher baseline risk for depression, which has been linked to immunological changes

      因為免疫機能的改變,癌症病人會有比較高的憂鬱可能性

    5. Thus far, research has not identified consistent risk factors that enable the jump from suicidal ideation to suicide attempts.

      這是很好的問題,要怎麼找到關鍵的因子,知道為什麼想要自殺的人會真正跨出自殺的那一步

    6. Like the HAM-D, it has relatively high sensitivity and low specificity.

      PHQ-9跟HAM-D,都有同樣的狀況: 高靈敏度(把陽性辨識成陽性)、低特異度(把陰性辨識為陰性)。換言之,這就是一個大網,想自殺的人會被辨識出,但也會有很多可能未必想自殺的人,也被高估自殺風險。 但這也許就是初篩時我們應該做的,後續再透過層層把關,並施以不同深淺的衛教與處遇

    7. Very little information has been collected regarding formal suicide risk assessment in cancer patients (Table 3

      文內有比較幾個不同的screen工具(要看文內圖片)

    8. Suicide risk in patients with stomach cancer was independently correlated with diarrhea, which can have a significant impact on lifestyle.

      胃癌的病人會有腹瀉的困擾,這對生活的影響,可能是自殺的原因

    9. penile cancer patients have one of the lowest suicide rates and, in their study, all patients who died by suicide had undergone surgical intervention.

      陰莖癌的病人自殺率低,但是研究發現所有這些自殺的人都是手術過的人。 所以很有可能這些病人並不是因為疾病本身的擔憂或是無力而自殺,而更多是因為後續的生活適應以及自我認同

    10. whether the pre-existing mood disorders lead to substance use that increases the risk of cancer.

      所以可能有一個假設的圖像: 頭頸癌病人在診斷前可能已經有一些與癌症有關的受苦,譬如說有一些病症,而病人又使用物質去因應這個不適,又更增加了罹癌或是癌症惡化的風險

    11. patients with head and neck cancers have higher depression scores than the general population even before a cancer diagnosis, leading to the question whether this subset of patients are struggling with a biological cause in addition to diagnosis-related symptoms.

      有點特別的發現, 對於頭頸癌個案,即使是在診斷之前,可能就有比較高的憂鬱分數。 有可能是他們已經開始感到跟診斷有關的不適,因此已經在受苦

    12. . Unique to cancer is that the risk of suicide persists more than 15 years past diagnosis.

      自殺率高的這個特性持續的時間,可能會延續到診斷後15年之後

    13. Prostate cancer has a higher suicide rate in the first year after diagnosis, but lower overall unless metastatic disease is found

      前列腺癌在診斷後一年有高自殺率,但除非是之後有轉移,否則其實整體而言,自殺率不算特別高

    14. Among cancers with the highest suicide risk are those affecting the head and neck, lung, pancreas, and larynx/pharynx

      自殺風險最高的癌別。補充: larynx/pharynx: 喉 / 咽

    15. suicide risk is at least twice that of the general population and is highest immediately after diagnosis

      自殺最可能發生於診斷癌症後的短時間內

    1. Crisis Resolution Strategy

      可以說是本章核心

      鼓勵個案嘗試一些自助技巧之前,需要先做的評估: 共18步驟:

      1. 教個案辨識危機的早期警訊 ex 情緒 症狀
      2. 設定復原的期待
      3. most acute life crises take approximately 6 weeks to subside, stabilize, or resolve.
      4. Normalize the patient's symptoms
      5. 假如6週後仍然沒有好轉,就需要更多的協助
      6. 鼓勵和與危機無關的朋友談談,也可以協助個案列出可能的朋友清單,為未來做準備
      7. 如果個案被情緒淹沒 she or he may benefit by sharing painful feelings or discussing recurrent or intrusive thoughts.
      8. 辨識那些面向會被危機影響
      9. 辨識那些因子會促成 惡化了這個危機
      10. Evaluate the support system by use of an eco map
      11. Select the problem(s) or symptom(s) to treat first.
      12. Use a wheel-and-spoke format,列出需要被解決問題的順序
      13. 討論因應策略
      14. 從可能幫得上忙的人得到額外的資訊
      15. Make a specific plan for crisis resolution based on additional information, newly discovered feelings, a crisis formulation, and treatment focus. This plan should involve the use of novel coping styles, a specific sequence of actions, and psychopharmacology as clinically appropriate
      16. The patient should implement the plan. Initially, it may be less overwhelming to resolve one cause of the crisis at a time
      17. Assess the results. Has the problem been resolved? If yes, go to step 1 and tackle a new symptom or problem. If not, go to step 18.
      18. If the initial plan has not helped, try again, get additional help, or consult with a psychiatrist or other professionals.
    2. The wheel-and-spoke format is a useful tool to help develop a formulation that specifies the multiple causes of the crisis and can assist in the development of an effective, prioritized treatment plan.

      標示出核心問題以及有哪些可能的原因導致核心問題

    3. . An eco map can be used by a family physician to help decide who can help the patient; who needs to be excluded; or what social, religious, legal, or economic resources need to be mobilized to assist the patient in crisis.

      會畫出家庭內與家庭週遭的關係與事件 包含強的緊密的支持、中性的關係、衝突的關係

    4. Developing a timeline with a patient helps both physician and patient focus on recent events and begins the process of formulating treatment

      就像是我們工作中畫時間軸 也可以幫忙識別可能的危機開端: 50% 的前置因子在六週前 25% 的前置因子在一週前 25% 的前置因子在當天

    5. mandatory crisis intervention in non–life-threatening circumstances, often called critical incident stress management (CISM) or “debriefing” ( Mitchell et al., 1983 ), is not helpful ( Rose et al., 2004 ).

      可能是因為強制、不需要做硬要做、且深度不夠?

    6. Critical incident stress management (CISM), sometimes called debriefing, is not helpful

      危機事故壓力處理 (Critical incident stress management) 沒有幫助

    7. These medications can either be a primary form of treatment if the patient does not want TFCBT or can be combined with TFCBT; no evidence yet shows that combined treatment is superior to SSRI or CBT alone

      對於 與戰爭無關的PTSD 而言,TFCBT 很重要, 但結合CBT跟SSRI或是單獨用其中一種,未必有顯著差異

    8. It seems that younger veterans with PTSD from more recent wars are respon­sive to the same SSRIs and SNRIs as non–combat-related patients. However, older veterans from previous wars do not appear to respond to sertraline or fluoxetine. Thus, the common SSRIs may be only somewhat effective for this group

      簡單來說,年紀與戰爭創傷會造成交互作用,如果是戰鬥創傷,年輕的個案對於較多藥物會有反應,可是年老的個案對於 the common SSRIs 才有反應、其他可能沒有

    9. SOR: A

      Strength of Recommendation Taxonomy (SORT) A. Recommendation based on consistent and good-quality patient-oriented evidence B. Recommendation based on inconsistent or limited-quality patient-oriented evidence C. Recommendation based on consensus, usual practice, disease-oriented evidence, case series for studies of treatment or screening, and/or opinion