a day when almost everyone in a particular country does not have to go to work or school 國定假日

• New Year's Day is a public holiday in many countries. 元旦在許多國家是國定假日。

practical work, especially when it involves hard physical effort 勞動;（尤指）體力勞動

• The car parts themselves are not expensive, it's the labour that costs the money. 汽車零件本身並不貴，但人工費很高。

an occasion when a group of people march or stand together to show that they disagree with or support something or someone 遊行，示威

• The students are holding a demonstration against the proposed changes. 學生們舉行遊行示威，抗議提議中要進行的改變。

/ˈpæk.ɪ.stæn/ a country in South Asia 巴基斯坦（南亞國家）

a country in southeastern Europe 希臘（東南歐國家）

/zɪmˈbɑːb.weɪ/ a country in Southern Africa 辛巴威（南部非洲國家）

/tuːˈniː.ʒə/ a country in North Africa 突尼西亞 （北非國家）

/ˌtæn.zəˈniː.ə/ a country in East Africa 坦尚尼亞（東非國家）

(phrase) take place: to happen 發生

• The concert takes place next Thursday. 音樂會下星期四舉行。

to use a lot of effort to defeat or achieve something, or to stop something happening 努力擊敗（或爭取）;（與…）作鬥爭

• They had to fight hard for improvements to the road system. 他們必須努力不懈改進公路系統。

a group of people with a particular set of aims or ideas （有特定目標的）運動

• the women's movement 婦女運動

or public employee: someone who works for the government, either in central government or local government:(政府) 公務員

in favour of something/doing something: in a way that supports something or helps it to be successful 支持或贊成某事或做某事

• The members voted in favour of the resolution. 成員們為了表示支持這個決議而投票。

resolution: an official decision that is made after a group or organization has voted 決議;正式決定

• [ + to infinitive ] The United Nations passed (= voted to support) a resolution to increase aid to developing nations. 聯合國通過了一項向發展中國家增加援助的決議。

to show something and explain how it works 展示，演示

• He got a job demonstrating kitchen equipment in a department store. 他找到一份在百貨店示範廚房設備的工作。
• [ + question word ] The teacher demonstrated how to use the equipment. 老師示範了如何使用這種設備。

call one: to demand that something happens 號召，呼籲;要求

• Members have called for his resignation. 多名成員要求他辭職。

call for something: to need or deserve a particular action, remark, or quality 需要；值得；應該

• This calls for a celebration! 這值得慶祝一下！ It's the sort of work that calls for a high level of concentration. 這種工作需要注意力高度集中。

call for someone: to go to a place in order to collect someone （去某地）接…

• I'll call for you at eight. 我八點鐘來接你。

an organization that represents the people who work in a particular industry, protects their rights, and discusses their pay and working conditions with employers 工會

• The government's proposals have been strongly criticized by the trade unions. 政府的提案遭到工會的強烈批評。

a supporter of socialism or member of a socialist political party 社會主義者（社會主義的支持者或社會主義政黨的成員）

(noun) a very difficult task that you can do only by making a great effort （應對困難而需要的）掙扎;努力，奮鬥

• The people of this country will continue in their struggle for independence. 這個國家的人民將會繼續為爭取獨立而奮鬥。
• [ + to infinitive ] She never gave up the struggle to have her son freed from prison. 她從未放棄將兒子營救出獄的努力。

a sign, shape, or object that is used to represent something else 標誌，象徵

• A heart shape is the symbol of love. 心形是愛的象徵。

responsible for breaking a law 有過失的，犯了罪的，有罪責的

• The jury has to decide whether a person is guilty or innocent of a crime. 陪審團必須就一個人是否有罪作出裁決。

the hearing of statements and showing of objects, etc. in a law court to judge if a person is guilty of a crime or to decide a case or a legal matter 審判，審理

• She's going on/standing trial for fraud. 她因詐騙而將受審。

to express disapproval of someone or something 批評，批判;指責

• The government is being widely criticized in the media for failing to limit air pollution. 政府因未能控制空氣污染而受到媒體的廣泛批評。

bring someone/something together: to help people or groups to become friendly or to do something together, especially when they would not usually do this 使…和解;使…友好

• The disaster brought the community together. 這次災難使鄰裡間更加和睦了。 A common interest in chess brought them together.

The Haymarket affair, also known as the Haymarket massacre/ˈmæs.ə.kɚ/ 乾草市場事件，又稱乾草市場屠殺

to decide and say officially what a punishment will be （法官）宣佈判決，宣判

• He was sentenced to life imprisonment. 他被判無期徒刑。

If the police arrest someone, they take them away to ask them about a crime that they might have committed. 逮捕;拘捕

• He was arrested when customs officers found drugs in his bag. 海關人員在他的手提包裡發現了毒品，把他拘捕了。
• The police arrested her for drinking and driving. 她因酒後駕車被警方拘捕。

to recognize someone or something and say or prove who or what that person or thing is 認出，識別

• The gunman in Wednesday's attack has been identified as Lee Giggs, an unemployed truck driver. 週三襲擊事件中的槍手已被確認為李‧吉格斯，一個失業的卡車司機。
• The police officer identified himself (= gave his name or proved who he was) and asked for our help. 警官表明身份並請求我們幫助。

not armed 徒手的，不帶武器的;非武裝的

a strong complaint expressing disagreement, disapproval, or opposition 抗議;反對

• Protests have been made/registered by many people who would be affected by the proposed changes. 許多將因擬議改變而受到影響的人舉行了抗議活動。
• Conservation groups have united in protest against the planned new road. 環境保育組織聯合起來，抗議計劃建造的新公路。

to ask for something forcefully, in a way that shows that you do not expect to be refused 堅決請求，強烈要求;強要

• I demanded an explanation. 我要求給我一個解釋。
• [ + to infinitive ] I demand to see the manager. 我要求見經理。

go on strike: to start to strike 開始罷工，舉行罷工

• All 2,500 employees went on strike in protest at the decision to close the factory. 2500名員工全部參加了罷工，以抗議關閉工廠的決定。

(phrase) as big, fast, good, etc. as ever: as big, fast, etc. as at any time before 像往常一樣大／快／好（等等）

• The restaurants are as good as ever and no more expensive. 這些餐廳的飯菜仍像往常一樣美味可口，而且也沒有漲價。

(noun) agreement between and support for the members of a group, especially a political group 團結一致

• The purpose of the speech was to show solidarity with the country's leaders. 這場演講的目的是為了表示與國家領導人團結一致。

money that a company pays to workers who have lost their jobs because they are no longer needed. 資遣費

(noun) redundancy: a situation in which someone loses their job because their employer does not need them 失業;被解僱;被裁減

• The economic downturn has meant 10,000 redundancies in the Northeast. 由於經濟衰退，東北地區有一萬人失業。
• She took voluntary redundancy. 她選擇了自願裁汰。

(noun) redundancy: a situation in which something is unnecessary because it is more than is needed （尤指詞、片語等）多餘，累贅，囉唆

redundant (adj.) (NOT EMPLOYED) having lost your job because your employer no longer needs you 失業的，被解僱的，被裁減的

• To keep the company alive, half the workforce is being made redundant. 為了使公司生存下去，一半的僱員要被裁掉。

redundant (adj.) (especially of a word, phrase, etc.) unnecessary because it is more than is needed （尤指詞、片語等）多餘的，不需要的，累贅的，囉唆的

• In the sentence "She is a single unmarried woman", the word "unmarried" is redundant. 在句子 She is a single unmarried woman 中，unmarried 一詞是多餘的。

at (any) one time (also at a time); (also at any given time): at or during any particular point or moment in the day 每次;任何時候

• I'm sorry, but I'm too busy to help you now - I can only do one thing at a time. 對不起，我現在太忙了，不能幫你——我一次只能做一件事。

in a way that is not regular or fixed 不固定地;不定期地;臨時地

• I only work casually, so I have time to do other things. 我的工作是不固定的，所以我有時間做其他事情。

a way of working that is based on people having temporary jobs or doing separate pieces of work, each paid separately, rather than working for an employer 零工經濟

• Workers eke out a living in the gig economy, doing odd jobs whenever they can. 工人們在「零工經濟」模式下勉強維持生計，只要有機會就打零工。

eke something out: to use something slowly or carefully because you only have a small amount of it 精打細算地維持；儘量節約使用

• There wasn't much food left, but we just managed to eke it out. 剩下的食物不多，但是我們省吃減用設法熬了過來。
• He managed to eke out a living(= earn just enough to live on) one summer by selling drinks on a beach. 他靠著在海灘上賣飲料設法撐過了一個夏天。

(phrase) in a dangerous situation 處境危險，冒風險

• (at risk of) All houses within 100 metres of the seas are at risk of flooding. 所有離海岸不足100米的房子都有被洪水襲擊的危險。
• They failed to deal with the radioactive waste and, in so doing, put people's lives at risk.

in the UK and some other countries, the money paid regularly by the government to most people who are of a particular age and do not work any more 國家退休金

pension: an amount of money paid regularly by the government or a private company to a person who does not work any more because they are too old or have become ill 養老金;退休金;撫恤金

• He won't be able to draw (= receive) his pension until he's 65. 他要等到65歲以後才能領取養老金。

money given by an employer to someone who cannot work because of illness （僱主發放的）病假津貼

days off for employees while receiving regular pay 特休

the amount of time someone spends at work during a day: 工時

• flexible/extended/reduced working hours
• an increase/cut/reduction in working hours If workers accept an increase in working hours with the same pay, they would enjoy higher profits.

(adj.) used to describe something that is the smallest or least allowed or possible 最低的，最小的，最低限度的

• 18 is the minimum age for entering most nightclubs. 18歲是被允許進入大多數夜總會的最低年齡。

a particular amount of money that is paid, usually every week, to an employee, especially one who does work that needs physical skills or strength, rather than a job needing a college education （尤指支付給體力勞動者並通常按週計算的）工資，工錢，報酬

• an hourly/daily/weekly/annual wage 按小時／日／週／年支付的工資
• He gets/earns/is paid a good wage, because he works for a fair employer. 他的薪水很不錯，因為他的老闆獎懲公平。

(noun) the fact that a person or animal can expect to be treated in a fair, morally acceptable, or legal way, or to have the things that are necessary for life 權利;正當要求

• Everyone has a right to education. 人人都享有受教育的權利。
• You have every right (= you have a good reason) to complain. 你完全有理由抱怨。

forming the base, from which everything else develops 基礎的，基本的

• We need to make fundamental changes to the way in which we treat our environment. 我們需要從根本上改變對待環境的態度。
• It's one of the fundamental differences between men and women. 這是男女之間的基本差別之一。

more important than anything else 主要的，根本的

• Some understanding of grammar is fundamental to learning a language. 掌握一些文法對學習一種語言來說很重要。

(idiom) thanks to someone/something: because of someone or something 幸虧;由於，因為

• It's thanks to Sandy that I heard about the job. 幸虧桑迪我才得知那份工作的事。
• (disapproving) The baby is awake thanks to you and your shouting. 都怪你大喊大叫，把嬰兒吵醒了。

the money you receive for doing a job 工資，薪金

• It's a nice job but the pay is appalling. 這份工作不錯，但工資低得不像話。

(adj,) appalling: very bad 壞到極點的；糟透的

• appalling weather 糟透了的天氣
• The drive home was appalling. 回家時的一路行程極不順利。

(adj.) appalling: shocking and very bad 駭人聽聞的，令人震驚的；極為惡劣的

• Prisoners were kept in the most appalling conditions. 犯人被關押在條件極其惡劣的地方。

If something is fair, it is reasonable and is what you expect or deserve. （價格、分配等）合理的，恰當的

• I thought it was a fair price that she was offering. 我覺得她的報價是合理的。
• All the workers want is a fair wage for the work that they do. 工人想要的只是與他們的工作相稱的合理報酬。

(phrase) Fair enough: something you say to show that you understand why someone has done or said something 有道理；做得（或說得）對

• "I'm just annoyed with him because he's behaved so badly." "Fair enough." 「令我感到不快的是他太沒禮貌了。」「說得沒錯。」
• "We need some more time to make a decision." "Fair enough."

socially acceptable or good 正派的；體面的，正經的；像樣的，相當不錯的

• Everyone should be entitled to a decent wage/standard of living. 人人都應該有權獲得像樣的工資／過著體面的生活。
• I thought he was a decent person. 我以為他是個正派人物。

to organize a series of activities to try to achieve something 從事活動；開展運動；發起運動

• He's spending a lot of his time at the moment campaigning for/on behalf of the Conservative Party. 他目前將大量時間用於為／代表保守黨奔走遊說。
• [ + to infinitive ] They've been campaigning for years to get him out of prison. 多年來為了讓他出獄他們一直在積極活動。

working man/woman/person: a man/woman who has a job 有工作的人

• Generally, working people don't have time to shop for food every day. 通常來說，上班族沒有時間每天去買食物。

successful or achieving the results that you want 能産生預期結果的；有效的

• The lighting for the production made a very effective use of shadow. 該戲劇的舞臺燈光設計巧妙地運用了陰影效果。
• She's a very effective teacher. 她課教得非常好。

常言道；俗話說

• As the saying goes, "Don't count your chickens before they're hatched." 正如俗語所說：「別太早打如意算盤。」

saying: a well-known wise statement that often has a meaning that is different from the simple meanings of the words it contains 格言，警句，諺語

hatch: to (cause an egg to) break in order to allow a young animal to come out 孵出，孵蛋，出殼

to develop a close connection or strong relationship with someone, or to make someone do this 聯合；團結；建立關係

• The hospital gives mothers no quiet private time in which to bond with their babies. 醫院沒有給媽媽們提供安靜的私人時間來與自己的寶寶親近。
• The aim was to bond the group into a closely knit team. 其目的在於使整個團體緊密團結在一起。

closely/tightly knit (also close/tight-knit): closely connected 緊密相連

• a very close-knit family 關係緊密的家庭
• The two communities are closely knit by a common faith. 兩個團體因共同的信仰而緊密聯合在一起。

bring someone/something together: to help people or groups to become friendly or to do something together, especially when they would not usually do this 使…和解;使…友好

• The disaster brought the community together. 這次災難使鄰裡間更加和睦了。
• A common interest in chess brought them together. 西洋棋這個共同興趣讓他們之間更親近了。

a game or competition in which you answer questions 問答比賽，智力競賽

• UK A lot of pubs have quiz nights once or twice a week. 許多酒吧每週都會有一兩次的智力競賽之夜。

社群意識 a sense of community is a feeling that members have of belonging, a feeling that members matter to one another and to the group, and a shared faith that members' needs will be met through commitment to be together.

The proposed definition of a sense of community has 4 elements: membership, influence, integration and fulfillment of needs, and shared emotional connection.

• Additional info: http://www.cslds.org/mental_health_databank/data_detail.php?id=44*

the people living in one particular area or people who are considered as a unit because of their common interests, social group, or nationality 社區;群體;社團，團體，界

• He's well known in the local community. 他在當地非常聞名。
• There's a real sense of community (= caring and friendly feeling) in this neighbourhood. 在該地區有一種真正的社區歸屬感。

a particular way of thinking, feeling, or behaving, especially a way that is typical of a particular group of people, an activity, a time, or a place 精神；（尤指特定人群、活動、時代或地方的）主導精神

• We acted in a spirit of cooperation. 我們遵循合作精神行事。
• The players have a very strong team spirit (= loyalty to each other). 隊員們有很強的團隊精神。

spirits [ plural ]: the way a person is feeling 情緒；心境

• I've been in high/low spirits (= feeling happy/sad) lately. 最近我情緒很好／不好。
• Her spirits lifted/rose (= she felt happier) as she read the letter. 她看完信之後心情好了起來。

(adjective) very important and having a lot of influence on other people or things 極重要的，關鍵性的

• She was a key figure in the international art world. 她是國際藝術界的重要人物。
• a key factor in tackling the problem 解決問題的關鍵因素

a way of dealing with or thinking about something or someone 做法，方法；看法，立場

• What sort of line (= method of arguing) do you think we should take in the pay negotiations? 你認為我們在工資談判中應採取哪種策略？
• The government's official line has always been to refuse to negotiate with terrorists. 政府的官方立場一貫是拒絕與恐怖分子談判。

a connection to a phone system 電話線（路）

• I'm afraid your line's been disconnected because your last bill hasn't been paid. 恐怕你的電話線已經被切斷了，因為上次的帳單你還沒付呢。
• (formal) Please hold the line (= wait). I'll see if she's available. 請等一下。我看她在不在。

Relationship-oriented leaders are focused on supporting, motivating and developing the people on their teams and the relationships within. This style of leadership encourages good teamwork and collaboration, through fostering positive relationships and good communication.

Task-oriented leaders focus on getting the necessary task, or series of tasks, in hand in order to achieve a goal. These leaders are typically less concerned with the idea of catering to employees and more concerned with finding the step-by-step solution required to meet specific goals.

able to change or be changed easily according to the situation 可變動的;靈活的;可變通的

• My schedule is flexible - I could arrange to meet with you any day next week. 我的時間安排很靈活——下周任何一天我都可以安排與你見面。

using new methods or ideas 創新的，革新的;新穎的

• She was an imaginative and innovative manager. 她是個具有想像力和創新精神的經理。

having positive results 富有成效的

• We had a very productive meeting - I felt we solved lots of problems. 我們開了一個極有成效的會議——我覺得我們解決了很多問題。
• Theirs was a very productive partnership. 他們之間的合作很有成效。

resulting in or providing a large amount or supply of something 多產的，富饒的

• He had an amazingly productive five years in which he managed to write four novels. 五年內他寫了四部小說，如此多產真讓人難以置信。

make up something: to form a particular thing, amount, or number as a whole 組成，構成

• Car accident victims make up almost a quarter of the hospital's patients. 車禍傷者幾乎佔了醫院病人的四分之一。
• The book is made up of a number of different articles. 這本書匯集了多篇文章。

something that you plan to do or achieve 目標；目的

• Her main/prime objective now is simply to stay in power. 她現在的主要目標就是繼續掌權。
• Can the sales team achieve/meet its financial objectives? 銷售人員能否完成財務目標？

play a part: to help to achieve something （在…中）起作用

• My thanks to everyone who has played a part in saving the hospital. 我向參與拯救這家醫院的每一個人表示感謝。

most/very likely: very probably 非常有可能

• Most likely he'll turn up late.
• She's mostly likely going to end up getting a promotion.

not likely!: certainly not!: 當然不！

• "Do you want to come running with me?" "Not likely!"

(adjective) available; not limited 可利用的；可得到的；沒有限制的

• There are still several possibilities open to you. 你還有幾個不同的選擇。
• Their whole attitude to these negotiations is open to criticism (= can be criticized). 他們對這些談判的整個態度應該受到批評。
• I'd like to think I'm open to (= willing to consider) any reasonable suggestion. 我認為自己是願意接受任何合理的建議。

turn/use something to your advantage: to use or change something, especially a bad situation, so that it helps you to achieve something 善加利用、加以利用

• We turned the delay to our advantage by using the time to do some last-minute shopping.

a good characteristic 優點，長處，強項

• She's well aware of her strengths and weaknesses as an artist. 她非常清楚自己作為一個藝術家的優點和不足。
• His greatest strengths are his determination and resilience. 他最大的長處是他的決斷力和適應力。

get to know someone/something: to spend time with someone or something so that you gradually learn more about them or it 逐漸熟悉，逐漸了解

• The first couple of meetings are for the doctor and patient to get to know each other. 開始的幾次會面使醫生和病人逐漸互相熟悉。
• I'll need a few weeks to get to know the system. 我需要幾周時間來熟悉這系統。

(someone who has) a natural ability to be good at something, especially without being taught 天分，天賦;天才，有天分者

• Her talent for music showed at an early age. 她小時候就表現出了音樂天賦。
• His artistic talents were wasted in his boring job. 他的藝術天分被枯燥乏味的工作消磨殆盡。

a useful or valuable possession or quality of a country, organization, or person 資源;財力;素質

• The country's greatest resource is the dedication of its workers. 這個國家最大的資源就是勞動者的奉獻精神。

(adj.) willing to give money, help, kindness, etc., especially more than is usual or expected （尤指超乎一般或期望地）慷慨的，大方的;寬宏大量的，仁慈的

• [ + to infinitive ] It was generous of you to lend me the money. 你借給我錢，心腸可真是太好了。
• She's been very generous with her time. 她不吝投入大量時間。

to do an action or piece of work 做，進行；施行

• Most of the students performed well in the exam. 大多數學生都考得很好。

(adj.) very enthusiastic or determined because you really want to do something 有積極性的

• Our staff members are hard-working and highly motivated. 我們的職員工作勤奮，十分積極。
• a very motivated student 一名非常有學習積極性的學生

Cubo AI雲云科技CTO的離職信中有提到一段

Good leaders have three levels. First is to give orders, second is to motivate, the highest one is to inspire.

the situation of two or more people working together to create or achieve the same thing 合作；協作

• The two playwrights worked in close collaboration (with each other) on the script. 兩位劇作家密切合作編寫這個劇本。
• The new airport is a collaboration between two of the best architects in the country. 新機場是國內兩位頂級建築師通力合作的成果

Cooperation: the act of working together with someone or doing what they ask you 合作，協作；配合

• The company produces computers in cooperation with a German firm. 該公司與德國一家公司合作生産電腦。

$$Differences$$ In simple terms, cooperation is about working with others to achieve your own goals. Collaboration, on the other hand, is about working with others to produce something together and achieve shared goals.

greatly interested : committed

involved in something 捲入…的;從事…的

• They've been engaged in a legal battle with the council for several months. 數月來他們一直在與市政委員會進行法律鬥爭

on call (idiom): If a worker such as a doctor is on call, he or she is available to work or make official visits at any time when needed. （醫療從業者的）聽候召喚，待命

*She's a doctor, so she's often on call at the weekend. 她是個醫生，所以在週末常常要隨時準備出診。

call on someone: to ask someone in a formal way to do something 號召;動員;要求

• They're calling on all men and boys over the age of 14 to join the army. 他們號召所有14歲以上的男子參軍。

call on something: to use something, especially a quality that you have, in order to achieve something （為完成…而）使用，施展

• She would have to call on all her strength if she was to survive the next few months. 要想渡過未來幾個月的難關，她就必須竭盡全力。

the set of rules or customs that control accepted behaviour in particular social groups or social situations 禮儀，禮節;規範，規矩

• Social etiquette requests that men cannot sit while women are standing. （社交）禮儀要求在女士站立時，男士不能入座。

a punishment given by a judge in court to a person or organization after they have been found guilty of doing something wrong 判決;宣判;判刑

• He got a heavy/light sentence (= he was severely/not severely punished). 他被判以重刑／輕判。

arranged or decided already and not able to be changed 確定的;固定的;不能變的

• Is the date of the wedding fixed yet? 婚禮日期確定了嗎？

to move your body or part of your body so that it is not straight 彎腰

• I bent down and picked up the coins lying on the road. 我彎腰撿起路上的硬幣。

on bended knee單膝下跪: in a position in which the knee of one leg is touching the floor

• He went down on bended knee to ask her to marry him. 他單腳跪地向她求婚。

not an inversion, a true inversion will be like "Not half the people had known that so perfect a young man lived among them."

• means half the people were unaware that such a perfect young man lived among them.

an older or more formal way of saying "such a perfect young man."

means "was received with" or "was greeted by"

• "Her speech was met with applause." → People applauded after her speech.
• "The decision was met with criticism." → People reacted to the decision with criticism.

倒裝inversion usage for "A common subject had never before been brave enough to love the daughter of the king."

(of skin) pale, or (of hair) pale yellow or gold （皮膚）白皙的;（頭髮）淺黃的，金色的

• She's got fair hair and blue eyes. 她金髮碧眼。

someone whose job is to give advice about a subject 顧問

• She is the party's main economic adviser. 她是該黨主要的經濟顧問。

(idiom) to enjoy

• She takes pleasure in her work.

• They should put him in prison and throw away the key! 他們應該把他關進監獄，永遠也別放出來！

in the UK, a person who is not born into a position of high social rank （英國社會中的）平民

• It is now accepted that a member of the royal family can marry a commoner. 皇室成員和平民通婚現在已經被接受了。

people in general （統稱）人，人類

• The massacre was a crime against humanity. 這次大屠殺是有違人道的罪行。

more than an amount or level

• She values her job above her family. 她把工作看得比家庭重要。

It means the entire subject, situation, or issue being discussed. For example, "After considering the whole matter, we decided to invest in the new property."

• "The thinking part of the community" refers to the more rational, reasonable, or intelligent members of the community. The phrase suggests that these people are thoughtful and capable of making fair judgments.

• "Would bring no charge of unfairness" means that they wouldn’t accuse the plan of being unfair or criticize it as unjust.

• "Against this plan" clarifies that the statement is referring to a specific plan.

$$Overall Meaning$$ The more thoughtful and reasonable members of the community would not consider this plan to be unfair. However, this does not necessarily mean that the plan is completely fair—others in the community might still think it is unfair. The sentence subtly implies that those who do criticize the plan might not be as rational or thoughtful.

to seem 看來好像；似乎

• You've got to appear (to be) calm in an interview even if you're terrified underneath. 在面試時，即使內心很怕，也要顯出很鎮定的樣子。

the quality of treating people equally or in a way that is right or reasonable 公平；公正；合理性

carry something out: to do or complete something, especially that you have said you would do or that you have been told to do 執行，貫徹，落實，完成

• Our soldiers carried out a successful attack last night. 我們的士兵昨晚發動了一次成功的襲擊。

/ˈklɝː.dʒi.mən/ a man who is a member of the clergy （男）牧師，教士

clergy: religious leaders, especially Christian priests, ministers, etc. （尤指基督教的）神職人員，聖職人員

interfere with something: to prevent something from working effectively or from developing successfully 妨礙，干擾

• Even a low level of noise interferes with my concentration. 就連很小的噪音也會分散我的注意力。

to involve yourself in a situation when your involvement is not wanted or is not helpful 干涉，干預

• Interfering in other people's relationships is always a mistake. 干涉他人談戀愛從來都是不對的

in honour of someone/something: in order to celebrate or show great respect for someone or something 為了慶祝…;為表示對…的尊敬

• a banquet in honour of the president 為總統舉行的宴會

(from a place) out or away, or (from a point in time) forward （從某地）外出，離開;（從某時）向前

• They set forth on their travels in early June. 他們六月初起程旅行。

admired by many people for your qualities or achievements 備受尊敬的;很受器重的;被看重的

• He is very well respected in the business world. 他在商界德高望重。

neither very good nor very bad 不好不壞的，一般的

• Films are rated on a scale of poor, fair, good and excellent. 影片被評為優、良、中、差四等。

(old use or literary) (of a woman) beautiful （女子）美麗的

• a fair maiden 美麗的少女

Should have: Should have + 過去分詞：通常用在對過去的事情感到後悔、或談到過去的錯誤。 用 should have / shouldn’t have 來告訴別人或自己應該在過去採取不同的行動。

/ 例句 /

• I should have gone to bed early. 我應該早點上床睡覺的。 ( 我應該早點上床睡覺，但我沒有。)

Could have: Could have + 過去分詞：過去有能力做的事情，但是沒有做。

/ 例句 /

• We could have caught the train if we had arrived earlier. 如果我們早點到，我們就能趕上火車了。 (我們是可以早點到的，但是沒做到。)

Would have: Would have + 過去分詞：表達當想做某件事時，卻沒有做到。

/ 例句 /

• I would have called you, but I was too busy. 我想打給你的，但我太忙了。 ( 我是想打給你的，但太忙沒做到。)

a person at a funeral 哀悼者;送葬者

• The dead man's wife and children were the chief mourners. 死者的妻子和孩子是主要的送葬人。

to move higher, rise, or increase 升高；上升；上漲；增長

a person believed to have committed a crime or done something wrong, or something believed to have caused something bad 嫌疑犯，可疑分子

• Police have issued a photograph of the suspect. 警方已經發布疑犯的照片。

fierce: physically violent and frightening 猛烈的;激烈的;駭人的

• Two men were shot during fierce fighting last weekend. 上週末的激戰中兩人遭受槍擊。

Not a "rule" but a relatively common practice in older English to invert the verb and subject if the sentence were fronted by an adverb 倒裝

• Out......came............the sun Adverb verb [noun phrase - subject]

• Dearly did I love you.

• Sorely have I missed you.
• Quickly will they run, etc.

If someone is on trial, the case in which that person's guilt is being judged has begun

• He was on trial for assault and robbery.

related to, used in, or involving a ceremony (= a fixed set of formal acts performed on important social or religious occasions) 儀式的，禮節的

• The men were dressed in ceremonial black robes. 男人們穿著莊重的黑色長袍。

to say that someone has done something morally wrong, illegal, or unkind 指控，控告;指責;譴責

*(accuse someone of something) He's been accused of robbery/murder. 他被指控犯有搶劫／謀殺罪。

the system of laws in a country that judges and punishes people 司法制度;法律制度

very beautiful or expressing emotion 極美的;充滿詩意的;詩情畫意的

a person or thing that produces a particular effect or change 原動力，動因；作用劑

• (literary) He was the agent of their destruction. 是他導致了他們的毀滅。

a large, flat area surrounded by seats used for sports or entertainment （體育比賽或表演用的）場地，競技場，劇場

• an Olympic/a sports arena 奧運會／運動會比賽場地

to experience physical or mental pain 受苦;受折磨

• I think he suffered a lot when his wife left him. 我想他妻子離開他時，他一定很痛苦。

Progressive ideas or systems are new and modern, encouraging change in society or in the way that things are done. （指思想或體制）進步的，先進的

• progressive ideas/attitudes 進步的思想／態度

catch (someone) up: to reach someone in front of you by going faster than them

• I ran after her and managed to catch up with her.

(idiom) a matter/question of time: used when you think that something will happen at some point in the near future:

• If you keep on driving like that, it'll only be a matter of time before you have an accident.

time that you spend with someone, giving them your full attention because you value the relationship

• He spends quality time with his children every day.

(idiom) set an example: to behave in a way that other people should copy

*You should be setting a good example to your younger brother.

if something happens, or in preparation for when something happens:

• A doctor is on call in case of emergencies.

to cause a person or place to become separate, or cause someone to be or feel alone 阻斷，隔斷，隔絕

• Many villages have been cut off by the heavy snow. 許多村莊由於這場大雪與外界隔絕了。

to remove a part of your body from a particular place 把…（從…處）移開，把…（從…上）拿開

• Get your dirty feet off the couch! 把你的髒腳從沙發上挪開！

joined together 連在一起的；接通的

• The TV won't work if the cable's not connected. 如果天線沒接上，電視就看不了。

all the time or often 總是;經常地，不斷地

• He's constantly changing his mind. 他的想法時常在變。

someone who is one of the first people to start using a new product, especially a new piece of technology （新產品，尤其是科技產品的）早期採用者

• Lucic was an early adopter, buying one of the first iPods in 2001. 盧奇喜歡使用新產品，2001年第一批iPod上市之後就買了一個。

an inability to stop doing or using something, especially something harmful 上癮

• his addiction to alcohol 他對酒精上癮。

miss someone/something out

to fail to include someone or something that should be included 遺漏

• Oh, I'm sorry, Tina, I've missed you out. What would you like to drink? 哦，對不起，蒂娜，我把你忘了。你想喝點甚麼？

in a way that is interesting, strange, or funny because of being very different from what you would expect 具有諷刺意味地;出乎意料地;令人啼笑皆非地

• Ironically, these technological tools that were supposed to liberate us have left us working longer hours than ever. 具有諷刺意味的是，這些本應解放我們的技術工具卻讓我們的工作時間比以往更長。

(idiom) in numbers: in total amount or quantity

• Fish were once plentiful in this river, but they have since declined in numbers.

couldn’t be + 比較級形容詞 = 超級+形容詞

1. I couldn’t be happier. 我再高興不過了
2. I couldn’t be more excited. (我超級興奮)
3. I couldn’t be sadder. (我超級難過)

a place in a factory, office, etc. where food and meals are sold, often at a lower than usual price 食堂，餐廳，飲食部

If you bounce something off someone, you tell someone about an idea or plan in order to find out what they think of it. 試探…對…的看法

• Can I bounce a couple of ideas off you? 我可以跟你交流幾個想法嗎？

a person who works in the same place as you, especially one who you are friendly with （尤指彼此熟稔的）同事，工友

• I went out for a drink with a few workmates. 我和幾位同事一起去喝了一杯

similar to me

web-based: based on the internet, can be carry on on the web 網站基礎的

穿好衣服

• I usually get dressed before I eat breakfast. 我通常在早餐前穿好衣服。

a way of working in which people who work for different employers or for themselves share a building or office, often in order to be able to share ideas 合作辦公（爲不同僱主工作或自僱的人共同租用一個辦公空間的工作方式，通常是爲了能夠分享想法）

• A co-working site typically costs less than renting a private office. 租用合作辦公場所通常比租用私人辦公室要便宜。

to pay or receive a fixed amount of money for the use of a room, house, car, television, etc. 租用，租借；出租

• I rented a car from a garage so that I could get about. 我從汽車修理廠租了一輛車，以便能夠四處走走。

perfect, or the best possible 完美的，理想的

• She's the ideal person (= exactly the right type of person) for the job. 她是這項工作的理想人選。

omething that prevents someone from giving their attention to something else 分心的事；分散注意力的東西

• I can turn the television off if you find it a distraction. 如果你覺得電視讓你思想無法集中，我可以關掉。

to direct your attention or your efforts towards a particular activity, subject, or problem 專注，專心；全神貫注；集中（注意力）

• I'm going to concentrate on my writing for a while. 我要專心寫作一會兒。

find it adj. 感到/覺得...

in charge (of) 有掌控權

someone who is not employed by any one organization but does particular pieces of work for different organizations 自由職業者

• She has written for a variety of publications both as a staffer and a freelancer. 她已經給好幾家期刊寫過稿，有時擔任編內記者，有時是自由撰稿人。

on one's own: 靠自己

一直到晚上

to be likely to behave in a particular way or have a particular characteristic 傾向;易於;往往會

• [ + to infinitive ] We tend to get cold winters and warm, dry summers in this part of the country. 在我國這個地區，往往冬季寒冷而夏季溫暖乾燥。

the hours during the day when people who work in offices are usually at work 辦公時間;工作時間

• Their phone lines are only open during office hours. 他們的電話只有在上班時間才接得通。

a disadvantage of a situation 不利的一面，不利因素

• The downside of living here, of course, is that it is expensive. 在這裡生活的不利因素當然就是生活費用很高。

have/take time off: to stop work, in order to do something else 請假，抽出時間

• I asked my boss if I could have some time off (from work) to go to the dentist. 我問老闆我能不能請一會假去看牙醫。

Valuable information, advice, etc. is very helpful or important 有用的；重要的；有價值的

• He was able to provide the police with some valuable information. 他能給警方提供一些重要資訊。

the ability to change or be changed easily according to the situation 可變動性;靈活性;可變通性

• The schedule doesn't allow much flexibility. 時間表不允許有太大的靈活性。

on a...basis: 以⋯⋯為基礎

• on a daily basis　　每天（= every day）
• on a weekly basis　　每週
• on a regular basis　　定期
• The student is required to write an essay on a daily basis. 這名學生被要求每天寫一篇文章。

informal conversation about matters that are not important 聊天，閒談，閒聊

• "What did you talk about?" "Oh, it was just chit-chat."

/ˈaɪ.dəl/ without any particular purpose 無目的的

• idle chatter/gossip/speculation 閒聊／閒扯／隨意的猜測

to enter a room or building 進入（房間或大樓）

• Do you want to come in for a cup of tea? 你想進來喝杯茶嗎？

make a concession: something that is allowed or given up, often in order to end a disagreement, or the act of allowing or giving this （常指為結束爭端而作出的）認可，讓步，妥協

• Both sides involved in the conflict made some concessions in yesterday's talks. 在昨天的談判中，衝突雙方都作出了讓步。

從屬連接詞 as though 及 as if 都可用以引導副詞子句，作假設語氣使用，表示與事實不符或不可能發生的假設情境。

1. 現在事實相反：S + V… + as though/as if + S + V-ed…

2. Terry treats his elder sister as though/as if she were a stranger. 泰瑞待他姊姊如同陌生人。 →此為與現在事實相反的假設，事實上是親姊弟而非陌生人。

3. 過去事實相反：S + V-ed… + as though/as if + S + had + p.p.…

4. When the man got punched, he felt as though/as if a horse had kicked him in the face. 這名男子挨了一拳後，覺得自己彷彿被馬迎面踢到。 → 整件事情發生在過去，而男子並非真的臉被馬踢了一腳，與事實相反，因此使用與過去事實相反的假設語氣。

5. as if/as though 也可引導副詞子句作直述句，為一般陳述使用。表說話者認為極可能為真的事，或某事物事實上看起來的樣子，此時句子時態照一般情況使用即可。

6. John looked as though/as if he was sick. 約翰當時看起來像是生病了。

to be brave enough to do something difficult or dangerous, or to be rude or silly enough to do something that you have no right to do 敢於;膽敢，竟敢

• [ + (to) infinitive ] Everyone in the office complains that he smells awful, but nobody dares (to) mention it to him. 辦公室裡人人都在抱怨，說他身上有股難聞的氣味，可是又沒有人敢跟他說。

• [ + infinitive without to ] I wouldn't dare have a party in my flat in case the neighbours complained. 我可不敢在公寓裡舉行派對，以免鄰居們不滿。

I dare you. 我賭你不敢

dare say/daresay: used to say that you agree or think that something is true 我敢說，我敢肯定

• "She's got a lot of admirers." "I daresay - she's very beautiful." 「她有很多仰慕者。」「我敢說——她非常漂亮。」

to start to talk about a particular subject 開始談論;提出（話題）

• She's always bringing up her health problems. 她老是提她的健康問題。

to take care of or be in charge of someone or something 照看，照顧，看管

• We look after the neighbours' cat while they're away. 鄰居不在家的時候，我們照顧他們的貓。

(MANAGE) to succeed in arranging your life so that you have time to involve yourself in two or more different activities or groups of people 盡力同時應付（兩種或兩種以上不同的活動或人）

• Many parents find it hard to juggle children and a career. 許多父母發現一邊照顧孩子一邊忙事業很難應付。

to throw several objects up into the air, and then catch and throw them up repeatedly so that one or more stays in the air, usually in order to entertain people （用…）玩雜耍

• We all watched in amazement as he juggled with three flaming torches. 他拿三根燃燒的火把耍把戲，我們都看呆了。

wear someone out: to make someone extremely tired 使（某人）筋疲力盡

• Walking around a museum all day really wears you out. 整天在博物館裡走來走去，真令人筋疲力盡。

not in the slightest: not at all 一點也不，一點也沒有

• "Does it worry you?" "Not in the slightest." 「這讓你擔心嗎?」 「一點也不。」

despite the fact that 雖然，儘管

• She hasn't called, even though she said she would. 雖然她說過要打電話，可還沒打。

but 可是，不過，然而

• They're coming next week, though I don't know which day. 他們下週要來，但我不知道是哪天。

pro rata /ˌproʊ ˈreɪ.t̬ə/ : calculated according to, or as a share of, the fixed rate for a larger total amount 按比例計算的（地）

• It's €20,000 pro rata, but I'm doing half the full number of hours, so I'll be getting €10,000. 按比例算是兩萬歐元，但是我只做了全部時間的一半，所以我該拿到一萬歐元。

time that a parent is allowed to spend away from work to take care of his or her baby 育嬰假

to go through the experience of (something) 經歷/體驗

• I was lucky to come out of the accident alive.

a week having five working days

describes work that begins at nine o'clock in the morning and ends at five o'clock, which are the hours that people work in many offices from Monday to Friday:

• She's tired of working nine-to-five.

Clock in: to record the time you arrive at work on a special machine （在專門的機器上）紀錄上班時間，上班打卡

• What time did you clock in this morning? 今天早上你幾點打卡了？

Clock out: to leave work, especially by recording the time you leave on a special machine （尤指在專門的機器上）紀錄下班時間，打卡下班

(idiom) leave someone to their own devices: to allow someone to make their own decisions about what to do 讓（某人）自行決定

• He seemed to be a responsible person, so I left him to his own devices. 他看起來是個很負責的人，因此我讓他自己決定。

to make the same journey regularly between work and home 上下班往返；往返於工作地點與家之間；通勤

• It's exhausting commuting from Brighton to London every day. 每天上下班要往返於布萊頓與倫敦之間，令人疲憊不堪。

(QUITE) more than average, but less than very 相當地；一定程度地

• She's fairly tall. 她個子比較高。

• I'm fairly sure that this is the right address. 我相當肯定這個地址沒錯。

• We get on fairly well. 我們相處得不錯。

= in order to 爲了，以便

• I always keep fruit in the fridge so as to keep flies off it. 我總是把水果放在冰箱裡，以防蟲子叮咬。

real but not immediately obvious 暗含的;深層的;潛在的

• And what might be the underlying significance of these supposedly random acts? 這些看似偶然的行爲，其暗含的意義可能是甚麽呢？

take something personally: to think that someone is offending you when they are not 很針對個人的

• These criticisms should not be taken personally (= they are not meant to criticize any one person in particular). 這些批評都是籠統概括的，不應被視為針對任何個人。

[ U ] the ability to use your judgment to make decisions and do things without needing to be told what to do 主動性;自主決斷行事的能力

• I shouldn't always have to tell you what to do, use your initiative (= use your own judgment to decide what to do)! 不能總讓我告訴你該做甚麼，你應該有自己的判斷！

[ U ] opportunity for doing something 機會；餘地

(idiom) no room for something: If you say there is no room for a feeling or type of behaviour, you mean it is not acceptable. 無法容忍，不能容許

• In a small company like this, there is no room for laziness. 在這樣的小公司中，懶惰的員工是沒有容身之地的。

(idiom) to be the first one to do something, esp. to solve a problem 主動出擊

• Don't be afraid to take the initiative and say what you think.

/səˈbɔːr.dən.ət/ (noun) a person who has a less important position than you in an organization 下屬，下級

• He left the routine checks to one of his subordinates. 他把例行檢查交給了一個下屬負責。

低權力距離文化：人與人之間的關係比較平等（equality），上司、父母等多會以朋輩的形式與下屬及子女相處。普遍來說，歐美社會多屬低權力距離文化，而大多數亞洲國家皆傾向高權力距離文化。

the moral or legal right or ability to control 威信；權力；管轄權

• He has no authority over (= ability to control) his students. 他在學生面前沒有威信。

A rightful position or claim is one that is morally or legally correct 公正的;合法的;正當的

• Don't forget that I am the rightful owner of this house. 不要忘記我是這所房子的合法主人。

高權力距離文化：即高低權力人士之間距離分界明顯。活在這種文化底下的人，階級觀念（hierarchy）根深蒂固，對權力核心如上司、長輩以至兄長絕對尊重及服從

權力距離

Power Distance refers to the levels of authority and inequality within a hierarchical structure. It signifies the extent to which decision-making power is concentrated at the top and the acceptance of unequal rights between individuals of different positions. In high power distance cultures, individuals in lower positions have limited involvement in decision-making, and their fate is often determined by those in positions of authority. This concept is exemplified in the Chinese work environment, where position power outweighs individual intelligence or competitiveness.

to come to an opinion about something, or have a belief about something 認為;看待;視為

• Women's magazines are often perceived to be superficial. 人們往往認為女性雜誌內容膚淺。

• How do the French perceive the British? 法國人是如何看待英國人的？

to give something out to several people, or to spread or supply something 分發，散發;分配

• The books will be distributed free to local schools. 這些書將免費發放給當地學校。

someone who studies the human mind and human emotions and behaviour, and how different situations have an effect on people 心理學家

belonging to or relating to the Netherlands, its people, or its language 荷蘭的;荷蘭人的;荷蘭語的

come up with something: to suggest or think of an idea or plan 想出，提出（主意或計劃）

• She's come up with some amazing scheme to double her income. 她想出一個驚人的計劃來使自己的收入增加一倍。

someone whose job is to teach people to improve at a sport, skill, or school subject 教練;輔導老師;私人教師;家庭教師

• a tennis/maths coach 網球教練／數學輔導老師