take something on: to accept a particular job or responsibility 接受（工作）;承擔（責任）

• She took too much on and made herself ill. 她承擔的任務太重，結果病倒了。

to become involved in a difficult situation or argument in order to help find a solution 插手；介入；居中斡旋

• When the leading actress broke her leg, Isobel stepped in and took over. 女主角摔斷了腿，伊索貝爾臨時加入頂替她。

/ˌdem.əˈkræt̬.ɪk/ based on the principles of democracy 民主的

• We must accept the results of a democratic election (= an election in which all people can vote). 我們必須接受民主選舉結果。

/ˈhaɪə.rɑː.ki/ a system in which people or things are arranged according to their importance 等級制度

• Some monkeys have a very complex social hierarchy. 某些猴群有非常複雜的種群階級。

level but having little or no height 扁平的 (比較級)

to move someone or something from one place, vehicle, person, or group to another 搬;轉移

• The aim is to transfer power/control/responsibility to self-governing regional councils. 目的在於把權力／控制權／責任移交給自治的地方議會。

(noun) an official instruction 指令，命令

• The boss issued a directive about not using the fax machine. 老闆下令不要使用台傳真機。

take control掌控

a system of rules, ideas, or beliefs that is used to plan or decide something （規則、觀念或信仰的）框架，體系，結構

• a legal framework for resolving disputes 解決爭端的法律體系

/ˌhaɪəˈrɑː.kɪ.kəl/ arranged according to people's or things' level of importance, or relating to such a system 按等級劃分的;等級制度的

• It's a very hierarchical organization in which everyone's status is clearly defined. 這是一個等級分明的組織，每個人的地位都有明確的界定。

[ C usually plural ] the feeling that good things are going to happen in the future 期盼;盼望;希望

• The holiday lived up to all our expectations (= was as good as we were expecting). 假期過得一點也沒有令我們失望。

(noun) a situation in which people's opinions or qualities are very different from and opposed to each other （觀點或品質等的）分歧，牴觸，衝突，巨大差異

• a clash of opinions/loyalties/personalities 觀點分歧／在效忠問題上的衝突／性格不合

/ˌsæt̬.ɪsˈfæk.tɚ.əl.i/ in a way that is good or good enough for a particular need or purpose 令人滿意地;使人滿足地

• I'm sure these problems can be satisfactorily resolved. 我相信這些問題都能得到滿意的解決。

find sth adj. = 表示覺得/想法/意見

• I find it easy to cook healthy food. （我覺得做健康的食物很容易。）

*I find it weird to listen to advice from strangers online. （我覺得在網上聽取陌生人的建議很奇怪。）

• I find it crazy that people spend so much money on games. （我覺得有人在遊戲上花那麼多錢太瘋狂了。）

not clearly expressed, known, described, or decided 含糊的，不明確的

• I do have a vague memory of meeting her many years ago. 我確實依稀記得多年前見過她。

the feeling of being annoyed or less confident because you cannot achieve what you want, or something that makes you feel like this （因不能滿足需求而）沮喪；令人沮喪的事物

• I could sense his frustration at not being able to help. 我可以感覺到他因無力幫忙而心感沮喪。

up for something: intended, suggested, or being considered for something 計劃要;被建議;正被考慮

• That house at the end of our road is up for sale again. 我們這條路盡頭的那座房子又要出售了。

• Are you really up for promotion? 你真的會被提升嗎？

(idiom) as if/though: used to describe how a situation seems to be 好像；似乎；彷佛

• They stared at me as if I was crazy. 他們盯著我，就像看瘋子一樣。

(idiom )as if! said to show that you do not believe something is possible 不對！不是這樣！

• "Did you get a pay rise?" "As if!" 「你加薪了嗎？」「沒這回事！」

• go your own (sweet) way: to do what you want without considering other people 我行我素

• It doesn't matter how much advice I give Cathy, she always goes her own sweet way. 我給凱茜多少忠告也沒用，她總是我行我素。

go about something: to begin to do something or deal with something 著手做；開始做

• [ + -ing verb ] How can we go about solving this problem? 我們怎樣開始來解決這個問題呢？

• What's the best way of going about this? 這件事怎樣做才最好呢？

carry something out: to do or complete something, especially that you have said you would do or that you have been told to do 執行，貫徹，落實，完成

• Don't blame me, I'm only carrying out my orders/instructions. 別怪我，我只是奉命行事。

• The hospital is carrying out tests to find out what's wrong with her. 醫院正在進行檢查，看看她得了甚麼病。

a country in northern Europe 瑞典（北歐國家）

without taking any notice of or being influenced by; not prevented by 不管;儘管;無論

• [ + -ing verb ] He managed to eat a big lunch despite having eaten an enormous breakfast. 儘管早餐吃了很多，他午飯還是大吃了一頓。
• I still enjoyed the week despite the weather. 儘管天氣不好，這一周我過得還是很愉快的。

despite yourself: If you do something despite yourself, you do it although you do not want to or although you know you should not. 不由自主地，忍不住地

• He laughed despite himself. 他忍不住笑了起來。

同realize

to change to a different job, team, place of work, etc., or to make someone do this （使）調動;（使）跳槽;（使）轉會

• My employer wanted to transfer me to another department. 我的雇主想把我轉到另一個部門去。

to arrange for someone to answer phone calls received on one telephone on another telephone 轉（電話）

• I'll be upstairs, so could you transfer my phone calls up there, please? 我要上樓了，請把我的電話轉到樓上好嗎？

to make something the legal property of another person 轉讓（財產）

• She transferred the house to her daughter before she died. 她死前把房子轉讓給女兒。

(adj.) involving several different countries, or (of a business) producing and selling goods in several different countries 多國的;（企業）在多國經營的，跨國的

• a major multinational food company 大型的跨國食品公司

(noun) a large and powerful company that produces and sells goods in many different countries 跨國公司

• Are multinationals now more powerful than governments? 現在跨國公司比政府更有影響力嗎？

means "deduct" 從...扣掉，減，減去;扣除 to take away an amount or part from a total

• The player had points deducted (from his score) for arguing with the referee. 那名運動員因與裁判發生爭執而被扣分。

a place in a factory, office, etc. where food and meals are sold, often at a lower than usual price 食堂，餐廳，飲食部

information that is given to someone just before they do something, or a meeting where this happens 簡報，簡要介紹；簡明指示；簡報會

• We had to attend a briefing once a month. 我們每月必須參加一次簡報會。

to improve the quality of something by adding something else 使豐富，使富含；充實

• My life was greatly enriched by knowing her. 認識了她，讓我的生活變得非常充實。

to improve the quality, amount, or strength of something 提高；增加；增強；增進

• These scandals will not enhance the organization's reputation. 這些醜聞並不會提高這個組織的聲譽。

to accept something enthusiastically 欣然接受;樂意採納

• This was an opportunity that he would embrace. 這樣的機會他是求之不得的。

to hold someone tightly with both arms to express love, liking, or sympathy, or when greeting or leaving someone 抱，擁抱

• He leaned over to embrace the child. 他彎腰去擁抱那個孩子。

to include something, often as one of a number of things 包括，包含

• Linguistics embraces a diverse range of subjects such as phonetics and stylistics. 語言學包括一系列不同的科目，如語音學和文體學。

(idiom) at a time that is far away in the future 從長遠看;終究

• It seems a lot of effort but I'm sure it's the best solution in the long run. 看起來需要付出很大的努力，但從長遠來看，我敢肯定這是最好的解決辦法。

believing that people are only interested in themselves and are not sincere 憤世嫉俗的;懷疑人之真誠的;認為人皆自私的

• She has a pretty cynical view of men. 她對男人的態度太過偏激。

If you do something to counter a particular action or process, you do something which has an opposite effect to it or makes it less effective

降低/減少/對抗某種作用

to react to something with an opposing opinion or action, or to defend yourself against something 反駁;反對;對抗

• Extra police have been moved into the area to counter the risk of violence. 加派了員警進駐該地區以鎮壓可能出現的暴力事件。

高層

走下去，表示有位移與前進的感覺

• Walk down the street
• Walk down the road

/ˈkɔːr.ə.dɚ/ a long passage in a building or train, especially with rooms on either side （尤指兩邊是房間的）走廊，通道，過道

• Her office is at the end of the corridor. 她的辦公室在走廊盡頭。

/əˈpreɪ.zəl/ (also job/performance appraisal) a meeting in which an employee discusses his or her progress, aims, and needs at work with his or her manager or employer （工作／業績）鑒定

• Many companies operate regular job appraisals, often on an annual basis. 許多公司定期對僱員進行工作鑒定，通常是每年一次。

the act of examining someone or something in order to judge their qualities, success, or needs 評定；鑒定；估價；評價

• The newspaper gave an editorial appraisal of the government's achievements of the past year. 這家報紙發表社論，對政府在過去一年的功績作出評價。

(make perfect) to make something perfect or completely suitable for its purpose 磨練，磨礪；訓練

• His physique was honed to perfection. 他的身材鍛鍊得很完美。
• Her debating skills were honed in the students' union. 她的辯論技巧是在學生會裡磨練出來的。

the process of trying methods, activities, etc. to discover what effect they have 實驗；試驗

• Children need the opportunity for experimentation. 孩子們需要機會去嘗試。

to be good at noticing a particular type of thing 對…有鑒賞眼光;具有識別…價值的眼力

• She has an eye for detail. 她觀察敏銳，善於發現細節。

*(idiom) have an ear for something If someone has an ear for music or languages, they are good at hearing, repeating, and understanding these sounds. 擅長學習（音樂或語言），對…一聽就會

• She's never had much of an ear for languages. 她從來就不太擅長學習語言。

An innate quality or ability is one that you were born with, not one you have learned. 天生的，固有的，與生俱來的

• appearing to be something, especially when this is not true 貌似；看似；（尤指）表面上地

• in a way that appears to be true but may in fact not be

• according to the facts that you know 看來；根據已知事實來看

the quality of being soft enough to be changed into a new shape 可塑性

/saɪˈkɑː.lə.dʒɪst/

someone who studies the human mind and human emotions and behaviour, and how different situations have an effect on people 心理學家

• She spent 15 years as a clinical psychologist. 她做了15年的臨床心理學家。

a person who speaks publicly in support of a particular idea or plan of action 提倡者，宣導者，辯護者

• He is one of the leading proponents of capital punishment. 他是死刑的主要支持者之一。

A growth mindset, proposed by Stanford professor Carol Dweck in her book Mindset, describes people who believe that their success depends on time and effort, which means their abilities aren't innate but can be improved through effort, learning, and persistence. 成長心態

to try to develop and improve something 培養，培育；養成；陶冶；改進

• She has cultivated an image as a tough negotiator. 她將自己的形象塑造成一個強硬的談判者。

If you cultivate a relationship, you make a special effort to establish and develop it, because you think it might be useful to you. 建立，培養（關係）

• The new prime minister is cultivating relationships with East Asian countries. 新任首相將與東亞國家發展關係。

the act of saying that something or someone is bad 批評，批判;指責，反對

• I have a few criticisms to make about your speech. 對於你的講話我有幾點不能苟同。

to stop yourself from doing something that you want to do 按捺;忍住;拒受…的影響

• I can never resist temptation/chocolate/the urge to laugh. 我向來無法抗拒誘惑／我永遠不可能抵擋巧克力的誘惑／我要是想笑，怎麽也忍不住。

for the sake of someone/for someone's sake

• in order to help or bring advantage to someone 爲了（某人）的利益；爲了幫助（某人）

• Please do it, for David's sake. 爲了大衛，請做這件事。

to cause someone or something to be considered less valuable or important 貶低；輕視

• I don't want to devalue his achievement, but he managed to get a promotion without working very hard. 我不想貶低他的成績，但他似乎沒有真正努力就得到了升遷。

idiom. go hand in hand with something

If something goes hand in hand with something else, it is closely related to it and happens at the same time as it or as a result of it. 與…關係密切

• Prosperity goes hand in hand with investment. 繁榮與投資密切相關。

to seem 看來好像；似乎

• [ + to infinitive ] She appears to actually like the man, which I find incredible. 她好像真的很喜歡那個男的，這讓我覺得難以置信。

• • (that) ] It appears (that) she left the party alone. 好像她獨自離開了聚會。

• [ + adv/prep ] It appears as if/as though I was wrong. 好像我錯了似的。

"make something count" To ensure that some action has the most beneficial or effective result possible.

• You only live once, make it count. 人生只活一次，讓它有價值

If something reinforces an idea or opinion, it provides more proof or support for it and makes it seem true. 強化，加深，進一步證實（觀點、看法等）

• His behaviour merely reinforced my dislike of him. 他的行為只能使我更討厭他。

to make something stronger 加固；使更結實

• The pockets on my jeans are reinforced with double stitching. 我牛仔褲的口袋縫了兩道線，很結實。

/ˈkʊʃ.ən/ verb. to make the effect or force of something softer 對（某事物的影響或力量）起緩衝作用

• The soft grass cushioned his fall. 柔軟的草地減緩了他摔落時的衝力。

noun. (also pillow) a bag made of cloth, plastic, or leather that is filled with soft material, often has an attractive cover, and is used especially on chairs for sitting or leaning on 墊子;座墊;靠墊

• She sank back against/into the cushions. 她向後靠在墊子上。

noun. something that makes the effects of a bad situation less severe 起保護（或緩衝）作用的事物

• You should aim to build up a cushion of money in case of emergencies. 你應該儘量留一些應急的錢。

o reduce or be reduced in size or importance 減少，減小，降低

• I don't want to diminish her achievements, but she did have a lot of help. 我不想貶低她的成就，但她確實得到了很多幫助。

to make something seem more positive or pleasant than it really is 美化，粉飾

• We are not going to sugarcoat the facts for his mistakes. 我們不打算包裝/粉飾他的錯誤。

to introduce something new that is necessary or helpful to a situation or process 投入；增添；引入，帶來

• A large amount of money will have to be injected into the company if it is to survive. 如果要挽救這家公司就必須注入大量資金。
• I tried to inject a little humour into the meeting. 我試圖給會議增添一點幽默氣氛。

as a way of trying to do something 嘗試做什麼

• They closed the road in an attempt to reduce traffic in the city.

to try to do something, especially something difficult （尤指為完成難事而進行）努力，嘗試

• [ + to infinitive ] He attempted to escape through a window. 他企圖跳窗逃跑。
• He attempted a joke, but no one laughed. 他開了個玩笑，試圖調和氣氛，但沒有一個人笑。

Also called as "sandwich method". The sandwich method is a feedback technique that consists of delivering negative or constructive feedback between two slices of positive feedback. The idea is to start with a compliment or praise, then address the issue or area of improvement, and then end with another compliment or encouragement. The sandwich method aims to soften the impact of negative feedback and make it more acceptable and actionable for the receiver. In short, people who give feedback place constructive or negative criticism between two positive comments, or putting a complaint between two compliments to improve the other person's reaction.

三明治溝通術/三明治話術

open-faced sandwich a single slice of bread with various types of food, such as cheese or cold meat, on the top

單層三明治

double-decker sandwich a sandwich made with three pieces of bread with food such as cold meat or cheese between them

雙層三明治

to begin by doing something, or to make something begin by doing something （使）（以…）開始

• I'd like to start off by thanking you all for coming today. 首先，我想感謝大家今天光臨。

to express admiration or approval of the achievements or characteristics of a person or thing 讚揚，表揚

• He should be praised for his honesty. 他應該因為誠實而獲得表揚。

If something is obligatory, you must do it because of a rule or law, etc. （根據規定、法律等）必須履行的，強制性的，有義務的

• The medical examination before you start work is obligatory. 工作前必須先體檢。

expected because it usually happens （因為常發生而）必然的，預料之中的;慣常的

• Several Secret Service agents surrounded the President, all wearing the obligatory raincoat and hat. 幾名特工圍在總統四周，當然是一律穿著風雨衣，戴著帽子

have a word in someone's ear

to give someone a piece of advice or information secretly 悄悄地說;耳語

have a word with sb

to speak to someone in private 私下聊聊

a piece of paper or plastic, a card, or an electronic document, with a particular amount of money shown on it that can be exchanged in a shop or online for goods of that value 購物卡；購物禮券

slip someone's memory/mind

to be forgotten 被（某人）忘記

I forgot I'd arranged to meet Richard last night - it completely slipped my mind. 我忘記安排了昨晚要與理查會面——我完全給忘了。

to wait for a short time 稍等一會兒

部門主管

very interested, eager, or wanting (to do) something very much 熱衷的；熱心的；渴望的

They were very keen to start work as soon as possible. 他們渴望盡早開始工作。

*keen on 喜歡

She's keen on (playing) tennis. 她很喜歡打網球。

UK My son's mad keen on cycling. 我兒子對騎腳踏車很著迷。

wanting very much to do or have something, especially something interesting or enjoyable 熱切的，渴望的

She sounded very eager to meet you. 聽得出來她非常渴望見到你。

/ˌkɑːn.ʃiˈen.ʃəs/

putting a lot of effort into your work 認真的;盡心盡責的;一絲不苟的

a conscientious student 認真的學生

to make many different things work effectively as a whole 協調；使相配合

We need someone to coordinate the whole campaign. 我們需要有個人來協調整個活動。

an organized programme of measures to be taken in order to achieve a goal. 作戰計畫;應變計畫

(adj.) )modern, recent, or containing the latest information 現代的;最近的;包含最新資訊的

We work hard to keep our database up to date. 我們花了很大力氣不斷更新資料庫。

dealing with or treating the whole of something or someone and not just a part 整體的，全面的

Ecological problems usually require holistic solutions. 生態問題通常需要全面性的解決方法。

(verb) to give the main facts about something 略述，概括

At the interview she outlined what I would be doing. 面試時，她簡要介紹了我將要從事的工作。

*(noun) a description of the main facts about something 大綱，概要，提要

to think about what will happen in the future and plan for these events 朝前看，展望未來，作長遠打算

We are trying to look ahead and see what our options are. 我們想作些長遠打算，看看我們都有哪些選擇。

to believe something to be true because it is very likely, although you are not certain 假定，推定，認定

to go as far as or past the usual limit of something 到…的限度；超過…的限度；竭盡

*Being stretched means that we're being challenged and pushed outside of our comfort zones in a positive way.

* If jobs or tasks stretch you, they make you learn new things that use your skill and experience more than before. （工作或任務）使施展本領，對…具有挑戰性

My present job doesn't stretch me, so I'm looking for something more demanding. 我目前的工作不能讓我盡展所長，所以我在尋找更有挑戰性的工作。

* at a stretch 連續地，不間斷地

There's no way I could work for ten hours at a stretch. 要我連續工作十小時是不可能的。

/ˌsaɪ.məlˈteɪ.ni.əs/

happening or being done at exactly the same time 同時的

There were several simultaneous explosions in different cities.

/ˈdɑːn.t̬ɪŋ/

making you feel slightly frightened or worried about your ability to achieve something 令人發怵的；使人氣餒的

The country was faced with the daunting prospect of overcoming four decades of division. 國家仍然面臨著彌合40年的分裂這一難題。

/ˌmæn.əˈdʒɪr.i.əl/

relating to a manager or management 經理的;管理的;經營上的

/ˌdel.əˈɡeɪ.ʃən/

the act of delegating a particular job, duty, right, etc. to someone （工作、職務或權力等）分配;委派;授權

Delegation of responsibility is a key part of a manager's job. 分派任務是管理者的一項重要工作內容。

carry something out

to do or complete something, especially that you have said you would do or that you have been told to do 執行，貫徹，落實，完成

Dr Carter is carrying out research on early Christian art. 卡特博士正在研究早期基督教藝術。

The hospital is carrying out tests to find out what's wrong with her. 醫院正在進行檢查，看看她得了甚麼病。

Our soldiers carried out a successful attack last night. 我們的士兵昨晚發動了一次成功的襲擊。

It is hoped that the kidnappers will not carry out their threat to kill the hostages. 希望綁架者不會如他們威脅所言將人質殺死。

Don't blame me, I'm only carrying out my orders/instructions. 別怪我，我只是奉命行事。

the ability to make your own decisions without being controlled by anyone else 自主，自主權

the big/bigger picture大局;最重要的部份

the most important facts about a situation and the effects of that situation on other things

In my political work I try to concentrate on the big picture and not be distracted by details.

move the goalposts to change the rules while someone is trying to do something in order to make it more difficult for them 改變規則，改變條件（使某人為難）

We'd almost signed the contract when the other guys moved the goalposts and said they wanted more money. 我們幾乎就要簽合同了，可就在這時對方那些人又出了難題，說他們要加價。

*goalpost in some sports, one of the two vertical posts, often painted white, that are connected with a crossbar to form a goal 球門柱

find it + Adj/N + to V

I found it interesting to talk with a man like him.

= considering that= seeing as (how)

We might as well go, seeing as we’ve already paid for the tickets.

a warning that something is going to happen, usually so that you can prepare for it:

*give someone a heads-up This note is just to give you a heads-up that Vicky will be arriving next week.

to be easy and without problems Once we got out of rush-hour traffic, it was smooth sailing the rest of the way home.

to be in a situation where you feel loyalty to two opposing groups of people

or It means you have two people on the opposite side competing for your attention.

touch base (with someone) to talk briefly with someone

to learn/know how to do a job or activity 知道訣竅;懂行，在行

to form a very fixed, often wrong, opinion about what type of person or thing someone or something is 輕率主觀地把…歸類

If something is at/in the back of your mind, you intend to do it, but are not actively thinking about it. 在潛意識裡，下意識地（覺得）

/ˌdet.rəˈmen.t̬əl/ causing harm or damage 有危害的，有損害的

a country in the Indian Ocean formed of many small islands 馬爾地夫（印度洋上的島國）

a stupid action, or stupid behaviour 蠢行；愚蠢

a short sentence, etc., usually known by many people, stating something commonly experienced or giving advice 諺語，格言

the name that you share with other members of your family; last name 姓，姓氏

someone who comes from Europe but not the British Isles （歐洲）大陸人/noun

/mʌnˈdeɪn/ very ordinary and therefore not interesting 世俗的；單調的；平凡的

to imagine something 想像;想出;構想

stark 在英語-中文（繁體）詞典中的翻譯

stark adjective uk /stɑːk/ us /stɑːrk/ Add to word list empty, simple, or obvious, especially without decoration or anything that is not necessary 赤裸的；簡單的；明顯的；（尤指）毫無修飾的，粗陋的；嚴重的；極端的

too serious and full of importance 妄自尊大的，自以為是的

in a way that makes you feel extreme dislike or disapproval 令人反感地;令人不堪地

to speak or write to someone 對…講話，對…發表演說，致辭;給…寫信，致函

If an experience stands a person in good stead, it is or will be of great use to them. （經歷）對（某人）很有用，對（某人）大有好處

/ˈet̬.ɪ.kɪt/ the set of rules or customs that control accepted behaviour in particular social groups or social situations 禮儀，禮節;規範，規矩

a failure to work or be successful 故障，毛病 Both sides blamed each other for the breakdown of talks. 雙方都指責對方導致了談判的破裂。

/əˈkweɪn.təns/ a person that you have met but do not know well 相識的人，熟人;泛泛之交

action rather than thought or ideas 實施，實踐

an accepted standard or a way of behaving or doing things that most people agree with 行為準則;規範

/ˈnuː.ɑːns/ a very slight difference in appearance, meaning, sound, etc. （外表、意義、聲音等的）細微差別