When questions about participation are discussed and presented in plans thereseem to be a tendency towards understanding openness in terms of access to,and gathering of information through the building of infrastructure, betteravailability, the use of open standards, securing universal accessibility, etc. Thisbecomes evident when the European governments are elaborating on theimplementation of e–government (Commission of the European Communities,2002) within the European community, as well as when American authoritiesdiscuss similar issues (U.S. Executive Office of the President, 2003). Aspects ofopenness regarding how the public should become more able to “analyse andutilize” this information do not seem to be considered as important as thoseconcerning access and availability.

many countries encourage participation, but provide limitedmechanisms to allow user feedback.

This paper introduces three existing models that give different perspectiveson openness in communication systems. The first focuses strictly on how contentis presented in digital media. The second model distinguishes between a contentlayer, a logical layer, and a physical layer where all may be open or restricted invarious degrees. Finally a model with nine ideal communication patterns ispresented in more detail and used to discuss the different power relationsbetween producers and consumers and users of media content. The modelprovides an analytical framework to describe some characteristics unique todigital networked media.

Definition of Research Questions, Social.Sites orTopics to Investigate0Step 2Community Identification and Selection0Step 3Community Participant-Observation (engagement, mmersion) andData Collection (Ensure Ethical Procedures)SStep 4Data Analysis and Iterative Interpretation of FindingsSStep 5Write, Present and Report Research Findings and/orTheoretical and/or Policy Implications

Netnography is participant—observational research based in online fieldwork. Ituses computer-mediated communications as a source of data to arrive at the ethnographic understanding and representation of a cultural or communal phenomenon.Therefore, just as practically every ethnography will extend almost naturally andorganically from a basis in participant—observation to include other elements such asinterviews, descriptive statistics, archival data collection, extended historical caseanalysis, videography, projective techniques such as collages, semiotic analysis, and arange of other techniques, so too will it now extend to include netnography

a cocktail of methodologies that share the assumption that personal engagementwith the subject is the key to understanding a particular culture or social setting.Participant observation is the most common component of this cocktail, butinterviews, conversational and discourse analysis, documentary analysis, film andphotography all have their place in the ethnographer’s repertoire. Descriptionresides at the core of ethnography, and however this description is constructed it isthe intense meaning of social life from the everyday perspective of group membersthat is sought. (2006, p. 101

Efter aktiviteten stoppede vi optagelsen og drøftede næste skridt: udarbejdelsen af en blogpost. Her opstod et dilemma, idet nogle gruppemedlemmer anså opgaven som bedst egnet til et kooperativt samarbejde, mens andre forstod den som en kollaborativ opgave.