86 Matching Annotations
  1. May 2019
    1. Shuffled off our maggot coil

      The scene here refers to the mosquito shedding of his skin to fly, creating imagery similar to that of a catipillars transformation to a butterfly. This association ties concept which we associated with the butterfly with the mosquito as well such as the butterfly's Beauty. This line also reveal the point of view the narrative is told with "our" allowing more connection for the reader to see through the persepctive of the mosquito. The term "coil" insuates the idea of transcending to another life with the idea of mortal coil. In this case, it is the mosquito transcending from a maggot to a flying mosquito. As a result, this scene is described in a way of Beauty.

    2. roost

      "Roost" is often associated with birds resting. Like the mosquito's parallelism to the butterfly's Beauty, the mosquito is given association with organisms which we often tie with ideas of Beauty.

    3. Griffin-blood

      With the parallelism of the mosquito with the butterfly, "Griffin-blood" the mosquito's nectar to its butterfly. "Griffin-blood" also gives the blood that the mosquito drinks an aspect of granduer and heroism with the usage of "Griffin" emphasizing the epic nature of the solider in constast to the miniscule size of the mosquito risking its life for the prize.

    4. sharp proboscis

      The way the poem describes the body of the mosquito shares those same descriptions with a butterfly. The "sharp proboscus" of the mosquito is used to suck blood while butterflies use this same appendage to drink suck nectar from flowers.

    5. our

      The mosquito represents Nature's resistance to Empire from the British which represented through the British soldier that is depicted as a mythical beast that threatens the India's nature. The mosquito can also be a symbol of the nature of Empire with it being a reflection of imperialism, a blood-sucking parasite. Essentially portraying imperialism as parasitism with it being a relationship between two organisms where it only beneficial for one and harmful to the other. In this case, the two organism being Britian and India.

    6. — Itching,—scratching

      "Itching" and "scratching" show the miniscule insignificance of the mosquito towards the giant that is the British soldier. This suggests that despite the mosquito's attempts, they are merely only able to annoy the giant beast that is the British Empire.

    7. him

      "Him", being a British soldier, can represent Empire with Britain while using Bengal to represent Nature with India. This binary between Britain and India then makes hte poem serve as a crituqe of imperialism with Britain representing the industry and modenrity which encroaches upon the Nature of India.

    8. Languid eyes

      "Languid" has two meanings with one refering to the tiredness in the soldiers eyes, but it can also refer to the whiteness of the soldier with languid being an English term.

    9. COLONEL

      "Colonel" is a rank above officer below brigadier and general. Historically, in the seventeenth, eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, a colonel was typically in charge of a regiment in an army.

    10. nymphs

      "Nymphs" are mythological spirits of nature, depicting as women, originating from the Greeks. "Nymphs" can also refer to nympho which is a women with strong sexual desires and these "nymphs" can be refering to the native women of Bengal due to it being presented as Nature and the nymph's strong association with it.

    11. Royal Barracks

      "Royal" suggest a sense of the elite and regality suggesting that this "Barracks" belongs to the British who would be compared to as the superior due to Oriental attitudes.

    12. rank

      "Rank" fits with the military motif of the poem with the soldiers in the "Fort" and the descriptions of the mosquito. This military motif also fit with the fact of the author of the poem being of the military rank colonel.

    13. English

      "English" gives solid evidence of the ancestry of the soldiers in the "Fort" with them being British as the poem has been giving only descriptions that suggest their origins and not stating it so clearly with words that reveal it like Indian or British.

    14. Full of beer

      This reveals that the so called "Griffin" that is the British soldier is drunk while also being fully fed. This then depicts the "Griffin" as a slumbering beast.

    15. pleasures of the plains

      "Pleasures" shows the Beauty of this scene of the "plains" which makes it a scene of the Picturesque while also using the Nature of India as its usbject matter.

    16. Pale Hodgson's ghost

      Hodgson is a common name within Britain with the "Pale Hodgson's ghost" refering to a ghost story from Britain. The knowledge of this culturally constrained legend suggests the ancestry and origins of the soldier being from Britain.

    17. tiffin

      "Tiffin" is an Indian English word for a type of meal. It can refer to the midday luncheon or, in some regions of the Indian subcontinent, a between meal snack, or in South Indian usage, a light breakfast.

    18. armed

      "Armed" suggests that the mosuito is preparing for combat as it prepares to take flight. This descripition can also foreshadow how the combatant or prey of the mosquito is a British soldier.

    19. Makes our tiny tribes to swarm,

      The line here describes the swams of mosquitos as a "tribes" with "swarm" showing its reference to the insect. The word "tribe" is capable of holding multiple context as one shows the mosquitos as having human social qualities while also displaying that community is still primitive.

    1. friendship's

      Friendship can be like the Picturesque serving as a medium for Beauty and Sublime with the pleasures from it being both enjoyable and painful.

    2. death's domain

      The subject matter of Death instead of Nature can be due to gendered genre difference with male poets using Nature while whereas female poets deal more often with Death.

    3. hand of age

      "Hand" is a prominent motif in this poem and possess strong symbolism in it. "Hand of age" can be literally refering to the narrator's aged hand or it can be a metaphor to Time. Where as many poems in the Bengal Annual have Nature, Halcombe instead deals with Time and Space within her poem as well as Death. This "hand" can thus refer to a type of force that is beyond the control of the narrator.

    4. joy or pain

      "Joy" and "pain" can tie into the concepts of Beauty and Sublime with Beauty being something we like while Sublime is brought about by fear.

    5. departed friends

      The album which the narrator refers to as her "beloved companion" can be held in the same regards as the narrator's "departed friends". However, unlike the narrator's "departed friends" her album will not perish at the "hand of age".

    6. communion

      "Communion" ties back the a previous line that discusses the cup which Jesus drank from. This "communion" also serves to reveal their belief and religion as a Christian.

    7. leaf

      "Leaf" is another word for page. This may be the closest reference to Nature by refering to the album as being a product from man's taming of Nature.

    8. Converse with those I never more may see

      Here the narrator displays their ability to transcend Time and Space as purpose of her writing this was to be able to reach an audience long after her death. This line also emphasizes the Beauty of the material text which is capable of preserving the author's words and carrying it, immune to the "hands" of Time and Space.

    9. world's cold hand

      The "world's cold hand" refers to society, specifically the audience and critics who are responsible for how well Halcombe would be received to the world. This silencing of the narrator's voice which we know is female is then an example of feminist writing as the narrator is writing in response to a patriarchal society that do not hold women's writing in the same regard as men's.

    10. The hand which traced may ne'er transcribe again

      This "hand" refers to the narrator's own hand which writes. The meaning behind it never bing able to "transcribe again" can refer to two other "hands" that silence hers. One is the "hand of age" refering to Time while the other is the "world's cold hand" which is society, the narrator's audience and critics.

    11. untainted youth

      Like "pure bosom", "untainted youth" gives the maiden-like charateristic but is refering to narrator's own youth rather than the album's as she associates "youth" with the innocence and purity which she has lost at the "hand of age".

    12. pure bosom

      This "bosom" belongs to the album which the narrator is writing in. "Pure bosom" gives the album a female personfication while also describing it as maiden-like. This can be a double entendre by also refering to the narrator herself when she was still young when her "bosom" was still "pure".

    1. cerulean

      "Cerulean" is derived from the Latin word caerulus, "dark-blue or blue-green", which in turn can derive from caerulum, dimunitive of caelum, "heaven, sky".

    2. ingot gems

      This is a contradictory as "ingot" refers to metals as they are made through melted them into a block shape which can not be done with "gems".

    3. silvery surface

      This "silvery surface" comes from the stars and does not come from the Ganges river. References to precious metals are strongly associated as something from the sky with the sun and stars while gem motifs are something from the Ganges river.

    4. chrysolite

      A yellowish-green or brownish variety of olivine gemstone. The poem uses a precious gems and metals as a motif to describe Beauty.

    5. flowers

      Refering to the lotus. In classical written and oral literature of many Asian cultures the lotus is present in figurative form, representing elegance, beauty, perfection, purity and grace, being often used in poems and songs as an allegory for ideal feminine attributes.

    6. lotus

      The "lotus" is a sacred flower with very wide native distribution through India and is the national flower of India. It holds cultural and religious significance in Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Chinese religions.

    7. peepul, mango, and bamboo

      "Peepul, mango and bamboo" all serve to display the Nature through Indian subject matter. "Peepul" is a species of fig only native in India and holds religious significance in major religions in India. These religions include Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism. "Mango" and "bamboo" are also plant life that native to South Asia further reinfrocing the usage of Indian subject matter.

    8. radiance

      This "radiance" given through the sun can be the Sublime creating a gender binary of Beauty belonging to the female Ganges and the Sublime belonging to the male sun.

    9. their undazzling lustre

      "Lustre" refers to refletive quality with the undazzling belonging to the Ganges river. The pronoun "their" also differs from the male pronoun of "his" for the sun.

    10. scene

      This scene is an example of the Picturesque as it captures the image of the Ganges river which contains both the Beauty and the Sublime through its Nature subject matter of India. The Beauty is given by the female Ganges river while the Sublime is given by the male sun.

    11. his

      Here the sun is refering to as a he. The personfication of the sun as a male exists many cultural mythos, including India. This usage of a male sun is can then serve as a universal concept such as Nature.

    12. bulbul's notes

      A bulbul are a family of songbirds distributed across Africa, the Middle East, tropical Asia, Indonesia, and Japan. This is Roberts usage of the Indian subject matter as the bulbul is a bird that is not native to Britain.

    13. snowy

      Snow in India exists only near the Himilayas meaning most natives of India may not know of snow. Here Roberts displays cultural hybridity by using her knowledge from British culture and Indian subject matter.

    14. Of Nature

      "Of Nature" holds a metaphorically in which this scene does not only belong to Nature but that India represents Nature due to its Indian subject matter with the scene describing the Ganges river.

    1. blossoms

      The blossoms, same as the "sorrowful flowers", are further shown to be child-like with them resting within the arms of a mother-like earth.

    2. The wind has arisen, and loose from its prison

      The wind can also refer to the rain which is personified as a female. "Loose from its prison" suggests that the behavior of the rain is taboo with it being wild and free seen as unacceptable behavior.

    3. sweet guest

      This "guest" is the sun. The term "sweet" also implies that the guest is male with the female earth finding pleasure with the sun's company.

    4. Her sorrows were hushed, and she felt, as she blushed

      Here, the female rain is finally silenced with the arrival of the sun. It can also be interpretted that the sun is male with the female rain having "blushed". This then implies that only a male is capable of calming the storm that is a woman.

    5. the cloud’s crystal tear

      The cloud can refer to the body of the rain, specifically its head, as the "crystal tear" is produced from it. Also, this tear is not a sorrowful one like that of the earth, rather it is one of joy further showing the contrasting personalities between the female rain and female earth.

    6. the sweet spell of the rain

      "The sweet spell" implies that the rain is an experience of pleasure with terms like "sweet" and "gentle" used to describe this expeirnece with a female rain.

    7.   That new bloom to her beauty was given.

      "Her beauty" implies that Beauty is an experience that belongs to the female with a female earth. The female body imagery also suggest that this Beauty is tied with the body with the female body being tied with pleasure and desires, the wants of men.

    8. he

      Here the sun is described as a male, instead of as a female like with the rain and the earth. The sun being personified as a male can make it then serve as a spousal counterpart to the female earth as its spouse while the female rain can leans more towards that of a lover.

    9. Joy lighted the looks of the fountains and brooks

      "Joy" describes the female rain, but it provides a great contrast to a sad female earth with rain droplets that are sign of the rain's "joy" being also symbol of the earth's tears. This binary between two different personifications of a female Nature shows two extremes. One is with a sad and caring earthly mother. The other is a free and gay spirit of the wind.

    10. For earth’s sorrows they felt

      "Earth's sorrows" can be that of a mother's sorrow as this feeling that the female earth is having towards her children.

    11. Golden splendor the gorgeous sun threw

      The scene here is an expeirence of the Sublime with the term "splendor" stating this with the parting of the rain revealing a moment of awe that gives contrast to the previous scenes given. Given that the sun personified as a male, this line also suggests that the Sublime is something that can only males can experience of give it while the female personifications of earth and rain tied in with the idea that Beauty is somehting belonging to the female.

    12. in the soft arms of sleep

      The "soft arms" are that of a female earth. The usage of the body with "arms" gives personfication to earth, but description of "soft" makes it a female earth. This description also treats the female earth as mothers with her "soft arms" tenderly carrying her children which are the flowers.

    13. breast

      "Breast" gives the suggestion of a female body, though it is anatomically present in both genders. However, flowers are more assoicated with the feminine as well with Nature, which is being personified with female bodies. So this description further reinforces this trope of the female body.

    14. The glad rose in her breast

      "The glad rose in her breast" refers back to the previous lines of "sorrowful flowers" and "in the soft arms". The rose that was once sorrowful is now glad while also using further reinforcing of the imagery of the female body.

    15. Awake from their rest

      This gives more detailed personification to the flowers as making them more like babies rather than children with them waking up from their "rest" due to the rain.

    16. sweet visions of bliss

      Here the flowers begin to experience what can be considered a pleasure with "sweet" and "bliss" being desireable experiences. This would make this expeirence that one of Beauty as it associates with what we like rather than what he fear with Sublime.

    17. light spirit of mirth

      "Light light" can be refering to the rain. With "mirth" meaning amusement expressed in laughter, it could make sense that this could be coming from the rain as the previous line with description of "sorrowful flowers" would contradict this.

    18. the rain’s gentle kiss

      This further reinforces a female personfication of the rain with "gentle kiss". The use of "gentle kiss" to describe the rain also suggests something pleasuring about it rather it being something painful and destructive.

    19. The sorrowful flowers

      These flowers that are "sorrowful" give more personification of Nature with emotions. However, "sorrowful" makes them child-like or innocent. The context of the flower also further implies the idea of them as children with them be born from a female earth.

    20. The rain cometh singing to earth;

      The rain here is given personification with "singing" making it have not only a human quality, but a feminine one.