The juxtaposition between the opening scene and the later moon landing scene is strikingly beautiful and direct. The change from merely apes to a species capable of spacetravel, with all the cultures and traditions the compose a high level society, made no difference to how they responded to the monolith. Dark, unknowable, the monolith defied humans before, and will continue to do so until the end of time. All our progress, all our advancements, be merely dust in the wind compared to the civilization that created these monoliths. The rebirth of David at the end of the movie, caused through the power of the monolith, shows that while we may fancy ourselves the dominant species, there will always exist something far greater. In fact, all the scientific power gained by humans can be attributed to the monolith, guiding the first humans in the usage of tools. All human creation stems from the knowledge granted by the monolith, and soon shall be overtaken by a new being, one created through the monolith's power once more. This alien civilization has always guided everything - and it shall continue to manipulate and control the path of humanity.