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  1. Last 7 days
    1. China’s turning away from the ocean was a momentous decision in world history, opening the door for Southeast Asians, Muslims, and eventually Europeans to dominate the Indian Ocean and the Pacific.

      It is so strange to think about how much control China had over the Indian and Pacific Ocean trade. They were such a powerhouse of an empire that there absence was a historic event that helped shape other future events of history. It also highlights just how much of a threat the Manchurians were, that China decided to dedicate time and resources to prepare for an invasion.

    2. And unlike European kings, the Yongle emperor was not interested in evangelizing Confucianism or Buddhism to the rest of the world—the Spanish and Portuguese, in particular, wanted to convert the world to Catholic Christianity, which became not only a goal but a justification for conquest and colonization.

      A big difference between the Eastern and Western train of thought is highlighted here in what they wanted to accomplish. China wanted to gain power for the sake of growing and supporting its large population of people. To becoming a center of international trade and making goods. They didn't concern themselves with what others believed in or making others do their work. Which is a stark contrast of the Europeans which wanted to make others like themselves. Rather then growing their own economy buy having their people work hard. They sought to enslave others and make them work to grow their power. Using religion as a way to enslave rather then connect with others. A sad reality of the world.

    3. Ninety-five delegations from Southeast Asia and other more distant nations reached the Yongle Emperor’s court during his 22-year reign, and he established a College of Translators to handle all the correspondence he received from foreign contacts.

      The fact that a whole college of translators was made to make the communication between the nations easier shows just how powerful China was. They were demanding tribute from places all over South Asia and Africa. So many people had to learn and translate important documents like contracts, treaties, and money transactions.

    4. Hongwu ruled for thirty years and tried to return the empire to its ethnic Chinese roots. Hongwu issued decrees abolishing Mongol dress and requiring people to abandon their Mongol-influenced names in favor of traditional Han Chinese names.

      I think it is interesting to think about how many of the Chinese would have grown to like and merge their culture with that of the Mongols. I wonder if the people at the time would have really dropped everything they learned through the Mongol reign for traditions they might not be connected to. I mean the Yuan (Mongol) dynasty lasted almost 100 years and they opened up trade with the western world bringing in new math, technology, and ideas. Did the majority of the Chinese people willingly let go of the merged culture, did some fight? It is really fascinating to think about.

  2. Aug 2025
    1. The days of the week, however, reveal both Latin and Germanic influences: Saturday, Sunday, and Monday come from the sacred Roman orbs in the sky—Spanish, French and other more Latin languages continue in this vein for the other four days, but not English, which honors the barbarian gods Tieu, Woden, Thor, and Frija for the remainder of the week.

      I did not know that Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, and Friday were derivatives of these Old Germanic deities. It is always fascinating to learn about the cultural exchange and assimilation of people through what is kept or changed in their language. Since it effects more then just words but the entire identity of the people. Who take what is added or changed and make it there own.

    2. The ancient dynasties of the Egyptian empire developed along the Nile beginning around 3100 BCE, built on the wheat surpluses made possible by the annual flooding of the Nile River.  Among the most visible and lasting achievements of the Egyptian empires are the pyramids of Giza, built between 2600-2400 BCE to serve as burial tombs for several emperors.

      I find it intriguing how the physical aspects of the land has so much influence on how a culture and society start. When it comes to Egypt they became reliant on the predictable and annual floods of the Nile. Allowing them to settle a permeant and prominent society that can grow. They were able to make many achievements and have a long lasting impact by building the foundation for many other ancient civilizations.

    3. Farming was once believed to have developed in the Middle East at sites such as Jericho and Mesopotamia six or seven thousand years ago, where the ancestors of modern Europeans were usually credited with the invention of agriculture. More recently, responding to evidence of prehistoric farming in Africa, India, and China, some scholars suggested agriculture may have developed more or less independently in several regions of the world.

      For me I find it interesting how often in western media and older textbooks there is this narrative bias of Europeans having invented or being smarter then the rest of the ancient world. This is very evident in the idea of Europeans becoming "civilized" and the having the start of agriculture being accredited to them. Despite there now being a lot of evidence that humans developed these ideas independently and within ways that fit their needs.