heightened criticality within quantitative methods, those who develop CQL are poised to thoughtfully use quantitative methods to tell counter-stories and propose more equity-oriented policies

Developing CQL in quantitative education informs learners so that injustices are recognized and can be better avoided in the future

CQL encourages one to ask why this method is being used, whether an appropriate alternative exists, pre-cisely what is conveyed by this method, and how the results of this method map onto the substantive research questions

move away from the pre-sumed clarity and objectivity of the numbers, situating them instead in the ambiguous, subjective context of their assump-tions and mapping them to more substantive research ques-tions

the jingle-jangle fal-lacy

how these methods function (i.e., the internal mathe-matics), and how inattention to either of these affects social justice when interpreting the findings

Likert scales, these measures provide crude quantification of socially complicated phenomena

Baez argued that critical research is inherently political and that critical scholars must consider the privilege and authority that their words carry in their capacity to liberate and to oppress.

the misconception that quantitative studies are objective and that author positionality plays no role

introducing and defining critical quantitative literacy

CritQuant (critical quantitative studies) and QuantCrit (quantitative critical race theory;

Data cannot speak for itself

Black or Hispanic students were far less likely than White students to display advanced science achievement in kindergarten

The reading achievement measure was designed to assess basic reading skills (e.g., print familiarity), vocabulary, and reading comprehensio

Parental warmth (α= .65) was a measure of four items asking the parent to self-assess their relationship with their child through showing love, expressing affection, spending close time together, and child-parent closeness.

plies, "If you come to school not reading you get treated as if you have no right to be in s

we can still walk into schools and hear the following explanations for poor students' of color school failure: • The parents just don't care • These children don't have enough exposure/experiences • These children aren't ready for school • Their families don't value education • They are coming from a "culture of p

The wealth gap is also not discussed. Over the last 7 years, the number of children living in poverty in the U.S. has grown by 1 1.3% to approach 13 millio

why are children in suburban schools worth, on average, $10,000 more than children in urban schools

It comes to us as if the students are not doing their part.

Wider use of quantitative data could uncover other inequities deserving of attention

stu-dents were systematically denied special education services

This is the basis of our legalsystem. We are judged by what we do, not by who we are

data scientists all too often lose sight of the folkson the receiving end of the transaction

But you cannot appeal to a WMD. That’s part of their fearsome power.They do not listen. Nor do they bend. They’re deaf not only to charm,threats, and cajoling but also to logic—even when there is good reason toquestion the data that feeds their conclusions

one that seeks to include rather than exclude

our cars could be outfitted with butt-scanners instead of keys or car alarms to identify the driver

reducing richly lived lives to numbers and names