a pain in the side, which the Greeks call pleurisy
Heart attack, kidney failure?
45 Matching Annotations
- Oct 2020
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sites.psu.edu sites.psu.edu
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as if God had prompted him to it for the kingdom's good
Passing on the Imperial Title in yet another very divine right manner. This builds the dynasty in such a way that it's hard to challenge that person (Louis's) rule.
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Romans had inflicted many injuries upon Pope Leo
Why do the Romans cut out his eyes and tongue? Also, is just in general reference to Roman people, or the people that live in the city of Rome?
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xcept in a low tone and with others.
Subtle way of saying he's the people's king, that he can't sing over others even as their sovereign lord.
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He also tried to write, and used to keep tablets and blanks in bed under his pillow, that at leisure hours he might accustom his hand to form the letters; however, as he did not begin his efforts in due season, but late in life, they met with ill success
He could not, however, write. This seems odd as the King, which would seem to be someone prime for an education as a youth. Makes sense as to why he'd push his kids to get educated, however.
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gift of ready and fluent speech
Which would've been quite handy for someone controlling several different linguistic groups. Not only can you send a gift to Constantinople to gain influence, but you can go yourself and speak with the King himself.
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three cups in the course of a meal
Knowing what kind of wine they drank, that's still quite a bit for one meal.
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but on other days his dress varied little from the common dress of the people
Kept to his customs and both kept comfortable and the trust of the people. Says a lot about him: that he won't betray his own people for some shiny new thing.
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most ready to contract friendships
Charismatic
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He had three sons by her - Charles, Pepin and Louis -and as many daughters - Hruodrud, Bertha, and and Gisela. He had three other daughters besides these- Theoderada, Hiltrud, and Ruodhaid - two by his third wife, Fastrada, a woman of East Frankish (that is to say, of German) origin, and the third by a concubine
Charlemagne had quite the brood. This will, I can imagine, play into a succession crisis later on.
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a bridge over the Rhine at Mainz
A way of saying "we brought the barbarian to heel".
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alliance that he contracted with Alfonso [II 791-842] King of Galicia and Asturias, that the latter, when sending letters or ambassadors to Charles, invariably styled himself his man. His munificence won the kings of the Scots also to pay such deference to his wishes that they never gave him any other title than lord or themselves than subjects and slaves: there are letters from them extant in which these feelings in his regard are expressed. His relations with Aaron [i.e. Harun Al-Rashid, 786-809], King of the Persians, who ruled over almost the whole of the East
Charlemagne was quite a charismatic and diplomatically adept individual, if this source is correct. It makes sense considering he's Empire-building. Does this make Francia a medieval superpower of sorts? He has friends from Scotland to the Middle East, or at least people that speak well on his behalf.
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The lightness of their armor and the nature of the battle ground stood the Gascons in good stead on this occasion, whereas the Franks fought at a disadvantage in every respect, because of the weight of their armor and the unevenness of the ground. Eggihard, the King's steward; Anselm, Count Palatine; and Roland, Governor of the March of Brittany, with very many others, fell in this engagement. This ill turn could not be avenged because the enemy scattered so widely after carrying out their plan that not the least clue could be had to their whereabouts.
The Gascons ambush Charlemagne's forces, decimate them, and slay (what I assume are) some of his 'Paladins'. Why would the Gascons do this?
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The war that had lasted so many years was at length ended by their acceding to the terms offered by the King; which were renunciation of their national religious customs and the worship of devils, acceptance of the sacraments of the Christian faith and religion, and union with the Franks to form one people
Effectively ending the immediate heathen threat, integrating them into his Kingdom, and Christianizing a large chunk of Europe. More of a permanent way to end the raiding.
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It could doubtless have been brought to an end sooner, had it not been for the faithlessness of the Saxons
Once again, a theme of divine right. That the Franks should best the Saxons because of their lack of Christianity. Also could be saying something about their lack of keeping their word.
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did not consider it dishonorable to transgress and violate all law, human and divine. Then there were peculiar circumstances that tended to cause a breach of peace every day
Border raids, raiding trading caravans as 'peculiar circumstances'. It sounds like the Franks sort of hate the Saxons, which makes sense as to why the English and the French don't get along later on.
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had compelled him to give hostages, to restore to the Romans the cities and castles that he had taken, and to make oath that he would not attempt to seize them again
Is Astolf a pagan, or one of the descendants of the Goths that invaded old Rome?
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Charles did not desist or shrink from his self-imposed task until, by his patience and firmness, he had completely gained his ends
Charles did not give up and took Aquitaine. Was Aquitaine under control of the Saracens? Previously it mentions how he kicked out the Saracens from invading Gaul, and I can imagine the two fought more than just this once.
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in a general assembly of the people, made them both kings
Was there some sort of Thing that the nobility of the land would attend and vote? Perhaps a diet?
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Mayor of the Palace, and he was at the head of affairs
Essentially, the King is just a political figurehead, and the Mayor does the actual work. Perhaps even a regent-like position?
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heathen nations
Danes and the northmen.
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As you blessed Abraham, Isaac and Jacob, so deign to irrigate and bathe him in your potency with abundant blessings of spiritual grace with all its fullness.
Does this an early sign of divine right?
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- Sep 2020
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sites.psu.edu sites.psu.edu
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If we are right in our view, and happiness is assumed to be virtuous activity, the active life will be the best, both for every city collectively, and for individuals
So Aristotle means that a productive citizen makes a happy society, and thus a happy citizenry.
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let there be a law that no deformed child shall live, but that on the ground of an excess in the number of children
Does this mean that deformed children can live if there isn't a surplus of children?
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but governments which rule with a view to the private interest, whether of the one or of the few, or of the many, are perversions
So by this logic, an Authoritarian government is not a true government since it is a perversion? It makes sense that a government is, by design, a social compact designed to aid people themselves.
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This community is the constitution; the virtue of the citizen must therefore be relative to the constitution of which he is a member.
In an Oligarchy, a citizen's virtue may be to obey the rulers, but in a Democracy the citizen's virtue may be to retain important political information.
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(1) all things or (2) nothing in common, or (3) some things in common and some not
It sounds as though the different commonalities are:
- A Democracy
- Anarchy
- A Republic or Kingdom
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All classes must be deemed to have their special attributes; as the poet [Sophocles] says of women, “Silence is a woman's glory,” but this is not equally the glory of man
Each person in a household (society) has their own part to play in the grand scheme of government.
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For the slave has no deliberative faculty at all; the woman has, but it is without authority, and the child has, but it is immature. So it must necessarily be supposed to be with the moral virtues also; all should partake of them, but only in such manner and degree as is required by each for the fulfillment of his duty.
That although a ruler is necessary to the state, each member of the state must pursue their respective virtues accordingly. This is similar to Plato's idea that each man should only pursue the art that he is good at.
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Property is a part of the household, and the art of acquiring property is a part of the art of managing the household; for no man can live well, or indeed live at all, unless he be provided with the necessities. And as in the arts which have a definite sphere the workers must have their own proper instruments for the accomplishment of their work
This whole paragraph is an analogy of political structure. "Acquiring property" could be war or gaining property through marriage. Rulers of the state would do this themselves.
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This association of persons, established according to the law of nature and continuing day after day, is the household...
To which he means that the Household is the standard example of a political structure.
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Politics
I have read Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics in Dr. Roeckline's Intro to Political Philosophy Course
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By striking herself with her own hand down to the liver when she heard of the boy's sharply lamented suffering.
This is sort of the pinnacle of Greek Tragedy. By this point, Creon has been brought low from a position of power. He has essentially lost and this is his punishment for not acting accordingly in the first place.
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his blood drawn by a hand of his own
Haemon killed himself
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you will no longer finish many successive laps of the sun in which you yourself will have repaid one from your own loins, a corpse in return for corpses, because you have cast one of those up here down there, and while domiciling a living being in a tomb without honor, you have one of those belonging to the lower gods up here, a corpse without portion, without burial rites, without holiness.
Essentially, Creon will soon die for his actions against Antigone and her father. He has upset the balance of the gods.
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lovers of silver
corrupted
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Father, I am yours. You would guide me aright, if you have good judgments that I will follow. No marriage in my opinion will be worth winning more than you leading nobly.
Haemon seems like the model youth for ancient Greece.
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obtain a more renowned renown than by placing in a tomb one from the same womb
It is honorable to want to bury family, even if they committed an act considered evil.
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I did not think your proclamations so strong that you, a mortal, could overstep gods' unwritten and unshakable traditions.
Antigone seems to believe that no mortal can overstep the will of the gods. Who else shared these ideas, or is it just Creon?
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It teaches and perverts the useful minds of men so that they take up disgraceful endeavors
Mercenaries, essentially
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Each man was the one who did the deed, and none beyond doubt, and each was pleading, "I do not know.
So each guard performed the burial rites but won't fess up to it. Earlier it seemed that Creon had enough respect to bury anyone, why is he mad now?
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we make our loved ones
Is Creon indicating that all citizens should be loved ones, or that we literally make up our loved ones?
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for birds looking upon it for meat
Like leaving it for the carrion birds to eat.
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a mask. The mask, constructed by a craftsman from linen
Weren't actors in ancient Greece all male which is why they wore masks? I might be confusing this with the plays of the 16th century but if I remember correctly they were all male, and in a scene where someone died they would kill real criminals. Talk about method acting.
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O common one of the same womb
It's similar to the kennings from Ger 245
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