The textbook cognitive strategy is critical thinking, an intellectually disciplined, self-guided and effortful process to help identify valid information. In school, students are taught to closely and carefully read and evaluate information.
This made me think of that phrase "Practice makes Permanent". When I encounter false information on the internet I try to avoid reading it at all once I realize it is not a trusted source or supported claim. If we spend a lot of time reading something over and over we could permanently place those ideas in our subconscious which could lead us to falsely claiming or recalling information in the future.