19 Matching Annotations
  1. Nov 2020
    1. By 2018, this was a viable, scrutable social enterprise, in the same way that it became a viable enterprise for Jon Stewart to make comedy shows that were no longer focused on comedy. “People will look at this and say, ‘Oh, this is beauty content — like, the purpose of this content is for people to learn beauty tips,’ ” Kevin Allocca, YouTube’s head of culture and trends, told me. But the truth is, once people who grew up watching makeup tutorials began creating their own makeup tutorials, the form started to morph. “You peel back a layer, and the beauty stuff becomes this convention that allows you to have another set of interactions and discussions.”

      By 2018 this was viable because of the Web 2.0. Web 2.0 provided an era of the internet that offered user-generated content and the gig economy. User-generated content is content that users produce and post on social media platforms that emphasizes the idea of users coming together and interacting. The gig economy is technology-enabled work where individuals are paid per gig and tend to have some freedom over their work. An example of a worker in the gig economy is a YouTuber. In this passage, the gig economy makes it possible for YouTubers to create their own businesses and user-generated content helps users create connections and interactions with others.

    2. My daughter’s entertainment philosophy — not incorrect — was, and still is, that TV is primarily made by old people for old people and thus is irrelevant to her. YouTube, on the other hand, at least the part of it she sees, is made by teenagers for teenagers. And not just that, it’s made by teenagers talking to themselves in private, broadcasting their boredom-laced secret diaries, promising (and at moments, delivering) remote intimacy. This made watching those videos low-key compelling, good background for texting your friends or doing homework (if you were not inclined just to cue up a four-hour video of a person studying, which is now a thing). My daughter also found Antonio “relatable,” a huge buzzword among teenage YouTubers these days.

      Her daughter’s philosophy sounds a lot like Web 1.0 vs Web 2.0. Web 1.0 is how the web was before social media: very resource based. However Web 2.0 is how the web is now: very participation based, easily useful, and with an emphasis on user-generated content. Her daughter speaks of TV and “old people” in reference to the Web 1.0 age whereas YouTube is very much a part of the Web 2.0 age, where users can not only engage with other users’ content, but can also produce their own. (Paul Graham – Web 2.0, 2005)

      Reference:

      Graham, P. (2005, November). Web 2.0. http://www.paulgraham.com/web20.html

    3. The Dolan twins, who are now 19 and who after five years of filming every aspect of their lives, including wisdom-teeth extractions, just announced that they were going to stop uploading weekly for the sake of their mental health, dropped out before her.

      https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g2LkO0IsR5A

      The Dolan Twins dropping out of high school and announcing they would be taking a break from YouTube is due to burnout. Burnout is a state of mental, emotional, and physical exhaustion that results from immense amounts of pressure and stress. Burnout tends to be common in career fields that are exceedingly difficult with long hours. While YouTubers are not surgeons that are on their feet all day, their professions are still extremely demanding in other ways. YouTubers tend to be their own bosses, so they are responsible for all aspects of the content they produce. This can be extremely exhausting and pressure inducing as they must continuously create new content that their viewers will like. Also, many of the YouTubers who make it have established a spot on the platform by expressing a positive and upbeat version of themselves, and therefore believe they will not be successful without this persona. This up-keeping of a persona can feel like a performance that they must always turn “on” which can contribute to burnout. Additionally, most YouTubers start their careers as fun outlets to express themselves, but once they gain relevancy their content creation starts to feel more like a chore. This change in nature makes it harder for YouTubers to create good content while simultaneously taking care of their own mental health. Unfortunately, YouTube does not handle creator burnout very well, and creators tend to feel like they are unable to complain about a platform that has given them so much. This is one aspect of the Web 2.0 that needs improvement. (Patricia Hernandez – YouTube is Failing its Creators, 2018)

      References:

      TheDolanTwins. (2019, October 08). It's time to move on. Youtube.

      Hernandez, P. (2018, September 21). Youtube is failing its creators. The verge. https://www.theverge.com/2018/9/21/17879652/youtube-creator-youtuber-burnout-problem

    4. By the time school reopened for Antonio’s sophomore year, she had a million YouTube subscribers, and it was basically impossible for her to attend. Because you can’t be a YouTuber and go to a big public school. You just can’t.

      This is a possible side effect of micro-celebrity. Micro-celebrity is the experience of being well-known as an expert or skilled individual in a field, to a specific audience who keeps up with the content being produced. Many micro-celebrities emerge from the internet and are individuals who would normally not have the ability to become famous without the internet as a platform. Due to the Web 2.0 and user-generated content, micro-celebrities can be found on a plethora of platforms. https://theoutline.com/post/1498/the-rise-of-the-microcelebrity?zd=2&zi=rjekeeck

      Reference:

      Finnegan, L. (2017, May 09). The insidious rise of the microcelebrity. https://theoutline.com/post/1498/the-rise-of-the-microcelebrity?zd=2

    5. “Every morning I go in the bathroom at school, and everybody is putting on makeup, and everybody is changing out of the clothes they wore for their mom,” she told me. “Like literally every morning. And everyone is saying, ‘This is the ugliest I’ve ever been,’ or, ‘I look like I’m in a punk-rock band,’ or, ‘I look like I’m an e-boy.’ It’s just like cognitive dissonance.”

      Cognitive dissonance is a concept developed by psychologist, Leon Festinger, that says that humans strive for internal psychological consistency in order to function. This means that individuals tend to aim for attitudes and behaviors that do not conflict with their morals or beliefs. Festinger says that when individuals engage in behaviors or attitudes that do conflict and cognitive dissonance occurs, there must be a change that eliminates the dissonance to return to internal consistency (Leon Festinger – A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance, 1957). The students engaged in cognitive dissonance because they believe that their identities don’t conform to the ones their parents’ see for them. By wearing the outfit for them they are inconsistent with their internal psychology, and therefore change once they get to school to eliminate this dissonance.

      Reference:

      Festinger, L. (1957). A Theory of cognitive dissonance. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.

    6. Antonio was feeling a little overwhelmed. She was behind in physics, and behind in calculus, and she knew she needed to grind so she did not fail her classes and get kicked out of online school. But at the same time she needed to post to Instagram. This was a professional, not emotional, need: That day she was releasing “merch,” big black cotton sweatshirts with a single small orange pumpkin embroidered on the front. But posting on Instagram was stressful, like really so stressful, because if a post didn’t receive that many likes — which for Antonio was between zero and 600,000 — then Antonio felt bad about it and wanted to delete it. But deleting a post also looked bad, because it revealed that you cared a pathetic amount about what other people thought. (If a post receives between 650,000 and 900,000 likes, Antonio will keep it up; she can always tell within 10 minutes, honestly five minutes, how a post is going to perform.)

      YouTubers are experiencing burnout in high rates. They have to deliver consistent content and engage with their viewers on multiple platforms as often as possible, all while maintaining positive spirits. https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2018/sep/08/youtube-stars-burnout-fun-bleak-stressed

      Reference:

      Parkin, S. (2018, September 8). The youtube stars heading for burnout: 'The most fun job imaginable became deeply bleak'. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2018/sep/08/youtube-stars-burnout-fun-bleak-stressed.

    7. But to my daughter it was a relief: Dawson and Star offered their fans the knowledge that you could put on just about any persona you wanted with little or no risk, as with a costume change and some cosmetics-removing wipes, you could simply make that persona go away. You could test out look after look after look, possibility after possibility. One minute your inner diva; the next, your inner nerd. You could treat the whole exercise as ironic. Or experiment with radical sincerity, knowing you could retreat into the safe waters of cynicism if the embarrassment grew too hot. My daughter found this comforting, even counterintuitively stabilizing.

      This is a pure example of what cyberspace provides its users: the ability to explore various identities in a plethora of ways without huge risk. Cyberspace offers a space for users to shed the barriers that hold them back in real life and experiment with a flexible identity. It is comforting for users to know they have the opportunity to experiment with who they are and who they want to be.

    8. Last December, JoJo posted on Instagram an image of herself with a new car: a white BMW with a custom paint job that featured rainbows, sparkles, hearts and a gigantic airbrushed photo of her face. Bieber commented, “Burn it.” (Later, he apologized, and JoJo asked him to play at her 16th-birthday party; he didn’t.)

      This is the post:

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      BEST CHRISTMAS EVER!!😭😍😱 (link in my bio!)💕🎉

      A post shared by JoJo Siwa (@itsjojosiwa) on <time style=" font-family:Arial,sans-serif; font-size:14px; line-height:17px;" datetime="2018-12-22T19:06:39+00:00">Dec 22, 2018 at 11:06am PST</time>

      </div>
      <script async src="//www.instagram.com/embed.js"></script>

      Everyone's reaction:

      <iframe src="https://giphy.com/embed/Ke4eKC7hYSU1O" width="480" height="269" frameBorder="0" class="giphy-embed" allowFullScreen></iframe>

      via GIPHY

    9. Also, she said, staring at the floor, she looked terrible. Which maybe you couldn’t tell in this lighting. But if you could tell and you were thinking of writing “You’re ugly” in the comments below — Antonio paused and stared into the camera, open as a wound. “Don’t,” she said. “Please.”

      Unfortunately, even though cyberspace and the internet can provide safe online spaces of acceptance, there is always the possibility of unkind breaches of cyberbullying or judgement. When making the decision to become a content creator, one can be vulnerable to these kinds of breaches. https://networkcultures.org/online-self/2017/05/17/the-dark-side-of-youtube-cyberbullying-101/

      Reference:

      Falsini, Elena. (2017, May 17). The dark side of youtube: Cyberbullying 101. https://networkcultures.org/online-self/2017/05/17/the-dark-side-of-youtube-cyberbullying-101/

    10. But being a depressed kid alone in your room is not what it used to be. It’s one thing to be depressed and listen to the Smiths in your oversize Champion sweatshirt and write in your journal and then hide that journal away and come out and pretend you have your act together. It’s another thing to be a depressed kid alone in your room in your oversize Champion sweatshirt and then make some videos that toggle back and forth, back and forth, between “I’m not thriving at all right now” and “Actually I just slayed”; between using Final Cut Pro to distort your face into the shape of a waterlogged Mr. Potato Head and creating a military-grade defense shield of foundation and bronzer. That is to say, to be a gender-bending kid alone in your room making videos that capture exactly what it feels like to be a teenager right now, the whole multipolar mess of humanity deep inside your own brain, and then post those videos to YouTube even though what you’ve just expressed to your smartphone you probably would not say to your mother in the kitchen and definitely would not say to your classmates, all of whom (you believe, wrongly) think you’re really weird.

      Being a depressed kid alone in your room is not what it used to be because of the internet. In this day and age, the internet provides individuals with unlimited access to cyberspace where they are able to log on, escape, and be whoever they want to be. Cyberspace is an imagined space provided by the internet that is separate from our physical bodies. Cyberspace gives users the ability to explore their identities in various forms and ways, as demonstrated by Antonio Garza. Garza shares her experiences with different feelings and identities with her followers and takes on this persona where she can be completely herself. She makes a comment about how the things she posts online would never be said to people in her real offline life, however she has no issue sharing these things with her online following. This is largely due to the fact that users feel like cyberspace is different from real life. It feels like a separate place; a better place where identity can be explored freely without judgement. Cyberspace has become a way to help users cope with stressful events going on in their lives. Of course, there is speculation about the extent to which this is true, so this article touches more on how cyberspace can make a depressed kid alone in their room feel a little better. https://www.verywellfamily.com/benefits-of-social-media-4067431

      Reference:

      Gordon, S. (2020, May 4). Why social media is more than a vehicle for cyberbullying with teens. VeryWellFamily. https://www.verywellfamily.com/benefits-of-social-media-4067431

    11. But she has a process: First, she gets rid of her acne. Then she color-corrects her neck, removes flyaway hairs, narrows her jawline, straightens her nose, plumps her lips — digital, as opposed to analog, cosmetics, essentially. Then she moves the image over to the VSCO app to use its filters.

      Projecting ourselves on Instagram is a presentation of our best self and in a way can be considered one of our identities.

      instagram vs reality 
      <script async src="//s.imgur.com/min/embed.js" charset="utf-8"></script>

    12. JoJo Siwa, another 16-year-old denizen of the internet. JoJo achieved some fame as a star on the reality-TV show “Dance Moms” but became a megastar online, just as herself. Or really an avatar of herself. Her persona is deliriously, dementedly plastic and flat, a 6-year-old beauty-pageant princess rolled out in a pasta machine.

      jojo
      <script async src="//s.imgur.com/min/embed.js" charset="utf-8"></script>

    13. Each morning when she walked on campus, the same kids who ignored her for years suddenly wanted to take selfies with her in the courtyard. And the same kids she’d known forever, kids who had been in her gym class or played with her in middle-school band, were like, Do you remember me? You probably don’t remember me. And Antonio was like, Um, I’ve known you since we were 6.

      <iframe src="https://giphy.com/embed/xUOxeRVBTkYT2yOC5y" width="480" height="270" frameBorder="0" class="giphy-embed" allowFullScreen></iframe>

      via GIPHY

    14. Antonio’s phone start blowing up with notifications. On Sunday, May 13, 2018, Antonio reached 10,000 YouTube subscribers. By May 22, she had more than 100,000, and by May 31, 300,000. Kids started sending her screenshots of her face on their YouTube recommendation pages, saying: What the heck! I had no idea! Congrats!

      <iframe src="https://giphy.com/embed/espvRCqpGHSuY" width="480" height="270" frameBorder="0" class="giphy-embed" allowFullScreen></iframe>

      via GIPHY

    15. This

      The inclusion of this image is to demonstrate how logging onto the internet can be an endless cycle that sucks users in. The hand running on the phone screens seem to symbolize consistently being connected online. It is also comparable to a hamster running on a hamster wheel.

      <div class="tenor-gif-embed" data-postid="10746499" data-share-method="host" data-width="100%" data-aspect-ratio="0.7476190476190476">Hamster Wheel GIF from Hamster GIFs</div><script type="text/javascript" async src="https://tenor.com/embed.js"></script>

    16. brought to us by teenagers who, as such, spend their days feeling like 10 different people at once and believe they can, and should, express them all. We all contain multitudes. The kids seem to know that’s all right.

      The kids seem to know that’s alright because they were raised on the Web 2.0 where they were given the opportunity to be whoever they wanted, while a lot of adults were raised on the Web 1.0 that did not offer the same freedom.

    17. Antonio insists that she’s the same in person as she is online, and it’s true.

      This is because, contrary to cyberspace rhetoric, who you are offline is a part of your identity and therefore bleeds into online life.

    18. “I’m like, Oh, this is what happens when someone is raised on the internet,” one 23-year-old friend said to me when I asked him to explain, “like this person grew up thinking in GIFs.”

      Similarly to how this person thinks in GIFs, Gen Z thinks in TikToks.