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  1. Oct 2024
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    1. The gap between beliefs and actions not only leads to contention and con-fusion, it also generates policies that are irrational in the sense that they are inconsistent with evidence of what works or are not based on any evidence at all. At times policymakers have abandoned proven reforms or have promoted them only over stiff opposition.

      I definitely believe the truth in this. The education system is stuck in a policy-making loop, where these policies sometimes do not even benefit the students themselves. There's a practice in each and every school and School District, and it doesn't seem like many of these policies can make a difference in students' lives. This, in fact, makes it a lot more confusing for educators when they have to continuously conform themselves to these certain policies that are seemingly trying to better the student's academic lives. This also can make it even more perplexing for students as they go through these policies through their educators and school system, not knowing that these policies seem to be impacting them academically and possibly socially.

    2. Quality preschool, indi-vidual reading instruction, small classes in the early grades, and consistently challenging academic courses have been demonstrated to help disadvantaged children achieve, just as they enable middle-class children to achieve.

      From this statement, it definitely depends on the resources given to students, and that can predict their success. For those who don’t have access to these resources, it’s clear they might not do as well academically compared to those who do. In one of my education classes, we talked about how smaller classrooms with smaller student-to-teacher ratio can positively impact students' learning. Even now in college, when you have a class with 200 students to one professor, it’s so hard to actually engage with the professor or for them to even know who you are and understand your academic goals. This definitely emphasizes that can even come out to be the ratio of students compared to teachers.

    3. The fact that class and race or ethnicity are so intertwined and so embedded in the structure of schooling may provide the greatest barrier of all to the achieve-ment of the dream for all Americans, and helps explain much of the contention, confusion, and irrationality in public education

      From my personal experiences, as well as hearing and seeing the experiences of others who are of my same race or even minorities in general, I definitely agree with the statement. Starting from the very beginning, minorities have always been shut out and denied educational needs. Even to this present day, minorities and those from underprivileged backgrounds are still struggling to get the right to access full and quality education. Those who are in underprivileged backgrounds have schools where they are not cared about by the government, not given funding, not having great teachers, and so much more. When it comes to minorities, they are constantly being compared to their white counterparts in some sense of education. This means that some minority students may not have gotten that amazing quality of education as opposed to their non-minority peer counterparts. Race is so embedded in our education system, but it is covered up in our day-to-day lives, and we just don't see it.

    4. in which many Americans first fail. Failure there almost cer-tainly guarantees failure from then on. In the dream, failure results from lack of individual merit and effort; in reality, failure in school too closely tracks structures of racial and class inequality. Schools too often reinforce rather than contend against the intergenerational paradox at the heart of the American dream. That is understandable but not acceptable.

      This chapter really captures onto essence of the American dream—while it emphasizes that anyone can succeed with talent and effort, it also recognizes that success is usually based on facctors like class background and parental help/support. This situation raises serious issues about the equity of a system that practically claims to provide equal chances of education while so increasing and expanding inequality. Definitely in my opinion when it comes to the name of the “ American Dream”, this dream doesn't apply to all Races/ethnicities. the American dream is more so for those who are wealthy or who are non-minorities. Although the chapter emphasizes the “American Dream”, I really don't believe that this is the type of statement that could be used to describe the goals of schools and education.