82 Matching Annotations
  1. Jul 2020
    1. Let the polished and haughty European recollect that his ancestors were once, like the Africans, uncivilized, and even barbarous.

      I like this because it is true, even is Africa is considerably less civilized, so was Europe at some point, therefore it is hypocritical for them to judge Africans as savages and barbaric as they are just in their own separate timeline of development.

    2. appears to prevail in the manners and customs of my countrymen and those of the Jews, before they reached the Land of Promise

      In a story that is clear to be void of much emotion as it has been drained from being a slave, this almost seems as a glimpse of hope that our speaker may draw his inner motivation and whatever happiness he has from. Comparing oneself with the Jews finding the promise land is clear evidence that the speaker has hope or faith that he and his fellow people will come to be free and have a great civilization.

    3. The head of the family usually eats alone; his wives and slaves have also their separate tables

      This aligns with patriarchal ideology in the family as the "head of the family" clearly refers to the husband with the wife lower in power and the children under her.

    4. The roof is thatched with reeds. Our day-houses are left open at the sides; but those in which we sleep are always covered, and plastered in the inside, with a composition mixed with cow-dung, to keep off the different insects, which annoy us during the night. The walls and floors also of these are generally covered with mats

      The writer does not go out of their way to express how bad and dehumanizing the circumstances slaves lived in were, he simply states just what they were. I find this to be especially important as the lack of exaggeration helps to build more credibility for the author, but also the plain descriptions themselves are enough for the reader to grasp that no human should live in such an environment.

    5. As our manners are simple, our luxuries are few. The dress of both sexes is nearly the same. It generally consists of a long piece of callico, or muslin, wrapped loosely round the body, somewhat in the form of a highland plaid

      The attire described seems to shape a lot of the psychology of the writer. When everyone is dressed the same and everyone has the same luxuries the people are driven towards complacency. Therefore the slaveowner is causing their slaves to slowly just accept slavery as their life by convincing them that the slaves at least have equality between each other and that is is a complacency driven luxury.

    1. My horror and astonishment are not to be described, when I observed in this abominable animal, a perfect human figure: the face of it indeed was flat and broad, the nose depressed, the lips large, and the mouth wide; but these differences are common to all savage nations

      This has got to be relating to some sort of racism or form of slavery sympathy as it contains the idea that people outside of one's cultural norms and beauty standards are savages and not fully human. It is clear that our main character has some predispositions towards those who are not alike himself.

    2. These rogues, whom I had picked up, debauched my other men, and they all formed a conspiracy to seize the ship,

      Since this is a story from times of slavery could the "rogues" really be a symbol for slave workers and that he is expressing that without proper control that they could overpower and revolt therefore stressing the need for stern dehumanization and rule over them in order to maintain status.

    3. But I shall not anticipate the reader with farther descriptions of this kind, because I reserve them for a greater work,

      These reappearing of breaking the fourth walls seems to be a relatively innovative writing style as there has not been such blatant speaking to the reader in previous writings. Also, I feel as if they are creating a theme themselves that is very colloquial and progress the story without excess description.

    4. Nine hundred of the strongest men were employed to draw up these cords by many pulleys fastened on the poles; and thus, in less than three hours, I was raised and slung into the engine, and tied fast.

      I am so mad at myself that it took me this long to realize that there is a Jack Black movie based off of this. I wonder what possible allusions the fall of the main character could be to. Fall of Rome to outside forces? I feel like there is just a deeper historical connection to why the main character is so large compared to the indigenous people he encounters.

    5. and danced upon my breast,

      Is he talking about the people dancing on him? I wonder what this means. It almost creates a larger than life persona of the speaker where he is a giant and the indigenous people are his little pep squad.

    1. “A blessing on thee”; and assured them they need not tie him, for he would stand fixed like a rock, and endure death so as should encourage them to die

      This is sad to read because he is expressing how much better it would be to die than to remain a slave.

    2. You may imagine this news was not only suddenly spread all over the plantation, but soon reached the neighboring ones; and we had by noon about 600 men

      That just shows how emotionally fired these people were to be free again, once they had the slightest hope at a revolt, word spread like wildfire and everyone came together.

    3. captain, who could not resolve to trust a heathen

      This is honestly hard to read because of how hypocritical and wrong this type of thought is, but it was the norm and was reinforced in that society. As a Christian myself, i find it hard to understand how someone could be properly informed by the Bible and be a captain for the slave trade. The captain is the true heathen here.

    4. ravished in a moment what his old grandfather had been endeavoring for so many months.

      This is both heart warming and gross at the same time to read, but it is also clear that something bad is going to happen in response to Oroonoko seeing Imoinda regarding the King.

    5. having been forced, by an irresistible passion, to rob his son of a treasure

      So the king feels a little guilty for literally stealing his sons girl (which is weird), but he does not take responsibility for doing anything wrong, but just blames it on passion. That makes the king appear even more self-centered and down right mean.

    6. to hear all his followers speak of nothing but the charms of that maid, insomuch that, even in the presence of the old king

      It is reassuring when everyone talks about how great the person you are in love with is and all, but doing so in front of the king is dangerous as he could force her to be with him instead. This appears to be foreshadowing future problems for Oroonoko and Imoinda.

    7. for most certainly there are beauties that can charm of that color.

      The speaker is sort of going out of the way to include Black women in beauty standards, which pushes an anti-racist narrative that the speaker appears to hold.

    1. That I would fain be as you are, that is, an Empress of a World, and I shall never be at quiet until I be one

      Female character expressing goals in middle ages. Is this growing awareness of gender inequality and early feminism I see?

    2. Yes, answered they, for according to Plato’s Doctrine, there is a Conversation of Souls, and the Souls of Lovers live in the Bodies of their Beloved.

      This is an interesting portrayal of afterlife thought. Plato was obviously from a time much earlier than when this was written so I wonder how this piece was received in a time of Christianity as well as more modern renaissance thought. I would think somewhat archaic and nostalgic of past thought and culture.

    3. You must know, that each of these Worlds having its own Sun to enlighten it, they move each one in their peculiar Circles;

      This has very Alice in Wonderland or The Wizard of Oz vibes. I wonder if there is some sort of relation or inspiration here.

    4. When with salt rheum and phlegm they powdered are.

      Honestly this was very disturbing to me. The thought of relating death to cooking seems to be a very light-hearted way of perceiving the loss of human life, especially in today's culture where life is so valued and treasured.

    5. For spirits seek to guard the heart about, Striving with Death, but Death doth quench them out.

      This seems to be a very revealing line about what the author thinks about death. The author has a hopeless tone when it comes to trying to beat death, by using the hare's running away as a comparison to a person striving to beat death, but inevitably life does come to an end, which therefore foreshadows what will happen to the hare in the rest of the story.

    6. Hoping some ways the cruel dogs to shun.

      is this just a fancy way of saying that the hare is trying to lose the dogs, or hopping down a path that the dogs hopefully cannot traverse?

    7. His head he always sets against the wind;                            5 If turn his tail, his hairs blow up behind

      I'm guessing it's hot because hares only point their ears towards the wind in order to cool themselves off in extremely hot weather.

    1. With those faire ornaments of outward beauty, Which did enforce from all both loue and dutie.

      I am having a hard time deciphering this part but it sounds like she is saying men's love and duty comes depends on the beauty of his woman, and that the speaker does not have those virtues in abundance like eve did.

    2. who gaue power to wise and virtuous women, to bring downe their pride and ar- rogancie.

      I love this quote because it shows how the disparity between man and woman has created unrest between them. It amuses me to see how spiteful the speaker is here towards men (her tone is fully understandable and deserving though).

    3. it is the property of some wo- men, not only to emulate the virtues and perfections of the rest

      The speaker appears to be highlighting the unjustly high expectations on women by men when men are not perfect themselves.

    4. Wisdome, Fortitude;

      These are characteristics most commonly given to men in literature, so it is interesting to hear the speaker say that the Queen, a woman, be referred to as such. It sort of goes against the common idea of gender roles at the time, but may just be pure reverence to appeal to the ear of the Queen rather than challenge cultural norms.

    5. And from faire Venus all her Excellencies,

      By saying the Queen is from Venus relates the Queen to having descended from idealized woman, representing desire, sex and love. It almost makes the queen have a nostalgic appearance and livelihood by relating her to Venus as Venus is a relatively archaic symbol for beauty in multiple cultures.

    6. Most gratious Mother of succeeding Kings;

      It is very interesting to hear the Queen be regarded in this way because it almost makes her appear to be at the same level as Mary is Catholicism, being the Mother of Christ: King of Kings.

    1. I tender to thy hand: all thy vexations Were but my trials of thy love, and thou Hast strangely stood the test: here, afore Heaven,

      I feel like this makes Prospero by a theme of God's grace. He realizes that there is no real benefit to revenge on the people who sought after his death once they were caught, so he gave grace unto them just as God is portrayed to do when anybody sins against Him.

    2. All three of them are desperate: their great guilt,

      Gonzalo does a good job highlighting the feeling of getting caught doing something wrong by calling it a "great guilt" and the way he goes on to ask Propsero what will he do with them in response to their actions.

    3. Perform’d, my Ariel; a grace it had, devouring.

      Here it is clear that the grace Prospero gives to the three men is inspired by the endorsement of Ferdinand and Miranda's by Ariel.

    4. You are three men of sin,

      I like the involvement of the number three here, I believe it is placed so perfectly to represent the three who tried to murder Prospero as an antithesis to the Holy Trinity.

    5. What’s the matter?

      Gonzalo can clearly tell something is wrong. He was drawn out of his sleep as if possessed and enlightened by God to overhear Antonio and protect Propsero.

    6. Whom I, with this obedient steel, three inches of it, Can lay to bed for ever; whiles you, doing thus,

      Im having a hard time understanding this, but I think he is implying that he intends to stab Prospero to death with a knife.

    7. I, thus neglecting worldly ends, all dedicated To closeness and the bettering of my mind With that which, but by being so retir’d,

      I feel like this helps to establish Prospero as a wise character right away, because he is not caring about worldly riches, but rather legacy based decisions that will have a lasting impact, and wants to better himself rather than live lavishly.

    1. A surfeit of deadly sin, that hath damned both body and soul.

      Faustus appears to be showing remorse for his choices both to take up the bargain as well as how he spent his gift while he had it, by calling it his deadly sin. I would say that his deadly sin is most closely greed as it was his greed for power of knowledge and status that caused his downfall.

    2. My gracious lord, I am ready to accomplish your request, so far forth as by art and power of my spirit I am able to perform.

      This appears to be Faustus trying to make a last minute effort to gain grace in God's eyes in order to save his soul from being sent to hell, but it is too late.

    3. Know that this city stands upon seven hills

      Seven is considered a a holy number, being the number of completeness. It appears the Mephist is suggesting that Faustus will be complete once he accepts the deal for knowledge.

    4. Under the heavens.

      This is a very vague response as everything is supposedly under the Heavens. It appears that he is beating around the bush to not frighten Faustus from fulfilling his part of the deal.

    5. First will I question with thee about hell. Tell me, where is the place that men call hell?

      This almost feels like Faustus is trying to delay his going to hell, he is trying to buy time to possibly regain God's trust by possibly delaying his damnation. Most people have a good idea of what Hell is whether one is a believer or not, so it seems odd that he would be asking where it is?

    6. If unto God, he’ll throw me[87] down to hell.

      This appears to be referring to Faustus's belief that God has destined him for damnation, but Faustus took role as God for his life and still ended up determined for damnation because he is having to give his soul to the Devil now having not used the gift he got in return in a meaningful way.

  2. earlybritishlit.pressbooks.com earlybritishlit.pressbooks.com
    1. And save me from the fiend’s boast, That I may appear with that blessed host That shall be saved at the day of doom.

      Now that he has received forgiveness for his sins, he now asks for continuity, not to fall back into the ways of the world. He is able to do this by the characteristics Christians believe they are given when they have Faith, and those are Good Deeds for the demonstration of Faith, wisdom to make heavenly decisions, and strength, perseverance, etc. Pretty much the Characters Everyman encounters are tools that God gives people with Faith in order to live a life according to God.

    2. O blessed Godhead, elect and high-divine, Forgive my grievous offence; Here I cry thee mercy in this presence. O ghostly treasure, O ransomer and redeemer

      There is a lot of adoration of God here in his confession of his sins. By constantly stating different divine and heavenly names to call the Lord, it almost feels like he is realizing the greatness and worthiness of God as he enters into his asking for forgiveness.

    3. Therewith shall your body chastised be, With abstinence and perseverance in God’s service:

      Here Confession goes beyond just the act of confession of sins which is common practice in Christianity. This builds upon the idea that one can re-purify them self in the Lord by constantly denying worldly pleasures and constant prayer. It was a method used by priests to provide an impossibly hard set of tasks to become right with the Lord or the person could buy indulgences. Most people would just cave in and pay for the indulgence.

    4. That king is, and was, and ever shall.

      this is establishing that God is a timeless being by being present past and future. I would also like to highlight that God is seen as three in one and expresses God's continuity in three tenses. I do not think that is just a coincidence as it is widely used today in Christian literature and worship.

    5.  Good-Deeds, I pray you, help me in this need,

      this is a common ideology people fall into in the Christian Faith. Where there is a struggle between saved by Faith alone versus thinking one becomes righteous by both Faith and good deeds. I feel like this stanza does a good job of capturing the lost soul of Christianity that believes that they can earn their righteousness.

  3. Jun 2020
    1. Indeed you must be, with this Death, intent To slay all us young people, you false thief.”

      It appears that they are looking for Death as if he is a person, it feels as though he is meant to be the physical representation of the devil in this story as the line before mentions "God" and "holy sacrament." Therefore Death being the devil would make sense, continuing the Biblical allusions and ties.

    2. For just as they had planned his death before, 595 Just so they murdered him, and that anon.

      I am surprised with how quaint the description of the murder is. only taking two lines and no stark descriptions about how it happened.

    3. debased And shamed and lost to honour quite is he,

      The moves on from describing drunkenness as evil, and explains the social effects it has on the person who is the drunk. The writer expresses that there is no honor in being drunk and that it only hurts you and leaves a stain on your life forever.The strong words against drunkenness really conform to the Christian ideals at the time of staying entirely sober and that any alcohol outside of what society deems reasonable is evil and ruins your life forever.

    1. Better than did our parish priest, s’help me! To her confided I my secrets all.

      This is a very important line because one is supposed to confide their sins with the priest in confession at Church, but she is saying that she had told Alison so many secrets about her and her husband that what the priest knew did not compare. It shows an unhealthy relationship because typically in a marriage, it is ideal that secrets be confided in the other, but she is breaking that. Also, much of the things she told Alison regarding her husband are embarrassing or shameful, which could lead to him being seen in bad light if word were to spread.

    2. I say not this to wives who may be wise, Except when they themselves do misadvise.

      This are two strong lines, coupled by rhyming -ise. It establishes that the words about lying are for those women who do lie. It also suggest that women that do not lie are wise and that it is unwise to lie. I find it peculiar that it is directed to wives specifically when the art of lying applies to everyone.

    1. By fate, to die in durance, in bondage, Have pity, then, upon our lineage That has been brought so low by tyranny

      These are some very powerful lines Emily uses to describe her lineage. She expresses how based on her lineage, they are destined to fail and suffer greatly throughout life. This contradicts much of the mood of lines 175-233 where Emily is very vibrantly walking through the garden and everything seems very uplifted.

    2. Gathering many a flower, white and red, To weave a delicate garland for her head; And like a heavenly angel’s was her song. The tower tall, which was so thick and strong,

      These lines flow very smoothly. It creates a peaceful scene of Emily walking though the garden, picking flowers and singing. It almost makes Emily seem as if she is in her own world as she traverses the garden in what appears to be a blissful idealization of how anyone would go though a garden on a nice sunny day.

    1. Oft friendless alone he lay long a-nights,

      I like here how the author does not just leave the description as alone, but really builds on that idea by expressing the aspects of having no friends and sleeping alone, lying in bed for a long duration with no one to turn to. It makes the image come alive much more to the reader as there are more specific examples given related to being alone to imagine and relate to.

    2. He made no delay, but swiftly went his way; Many a wild path he strayed, so the books do say.

      The rhyming and direct verbiage does a fine job of expressing how he went on his way quickly, but what was most interesting to me was the change in pace these last few lines gave the stanza. It makes the stanza end with a more hasty pace that marches the reader on to the next stanza just like how he is going on his journey.

    3. all for love of that lad in longing they were;

      This is a passive way to say that the ladies were all longing for love for the dude. It helps create an expressive almost Shakespearean atmosphere by not by taking simple ideas and expressing it in a complex and very humanly exasperated manner.

    4. warns it before the winter to wax full ripe; then drives with drought the dust for to rise,

      The first line has alliteration starting with "w" while the other has alliteration starting with "d." This helps separate the ideas of the two lines as well as create the contrasting images in the reader's head by only using words with different starting letters. The contrast here is between the winter setting in the first line and the drought setting in the next.

    5. He twined his trunk about,

      I would argue there is alliteration between "twined" and "trunk." It is very subtle but does help with rhythm and description of his actions.

    1. For three whole days in every week her lord was absent from her side. She knew not where he went, nor on what errand.

      That is a very abnormal behavior that leads the reader to suspect that maybe the man may be cheating or doing other dirty business that is typical with such disappearances.

    2. Now, if it be according to Arthur’s will, let us take oath of Launfal, that he seek this lady, who has put such strife between him and the Queen.

      Launfal is now cornered between revealing his love for the Maiden despite her insisting that it be kept secret or possibly being executed after being called a traitor for turning away from the Queen.

    3. His friend sat at table with him, and small will had he to refuse her courtesy.

      This seems dangerous to their "secret love" eating in public together and showing affection to one another. It contradicts what the Maiden was wanting in the last paragraph.

    4. amazement, and all bemused concerning this adventure.

      His reaction to being with the Maiden is both heartwarming but one can also tell that things are going to go wrong with how giddy he is. It is clear that he is going to slip up in regards to keeping the relationship in secret.

    1. The fabled warrior in his war-shirt and helmet Trusted in his own strength entirely 2540 And went under the crag. No coward path.

      This seems as a moment of exemplified persistence and grit, by him taking the hard path and trusting in his strength and picking himself up while he was down. It shows solidarity and really helps prepare the reader for the following events

    2. Yet there was no way the weakened nation Could get Beowulf to give in and agree To be elevated over Heardred as his lord Or to undertake the office of kingship.

      This makes Beowulf appear honorable and humble by not taking power over Heardred and continuing to support the prince

    3. It was of beaten gold, 1450 Princely headgear hooped and hasped

      This has a lot of heavy description words that help to create the image of the armor of Beowulf. "hooped and hasped" also seems to be alliteration as it sort of highlights the design and beauty of the armor.

    4. Covered the field.

      With "Covered the field" being its own line, I feel like it emphasizes the image of a wasteland of dead bodies so great that one cannot see the field anymore. Also, it being at the end of the stanza helps highlight this point even more.

    1. nor ever too bold for boasting, before he knows readily.

      The phrase is a bit confusing especially when describing a wise man. The wise man cannot be too bold that he may not boast? Boasting is not a quality typically associated with wiseness, Moreover, the lines above state a few other obscure qualities the author belives a wise person must have before they readily know like must be a decent warrior. Besides the few abnormal qualities, the rest are very traditional qualities associated with becoming wise.

    2. Dark are the valleys, the mountains so lofty, bitter these hovels, overgrown with thorns. Shelters without joy.

      I feel like this whole section is a great metaphor for their marriage, where what used to be a grand and beautiful relationship has been left unmaintained so that things have been overgrown and broken down. The structure of the marriage still stands as shelter, but that shelter is so far gone in bitterness and hurt that no more joy can be found in it.

    3. performing it on earth against malice of enemies, with brave deeds, opposed to the devil,

      This passage feels like a declaration. That despite the suffering one will face at sea, their efforts be recognized and their deeds be righteous in people's eyes. This is for the purpose of being fondly remembered for ages to come among both children and "angels" so that he leaves behind a legacy.

    4. Storms beat the stony cliffs there, where the tern calls him with icy feathers. Very often the eagle screeches with wet feathers. No sheltering kinsfolk could comfort this impoverished spirit.

      The discussion opened by the description of the birds in suffering and screeching and comparing them to life at sea help the reader see that seafaring for the author was more than just a matter of trials and tribulations but rather affected his spirit and state of mind. This was especially clear when he states that shelter could comfort his "impoverished spirit."

    5. Dusky shadows darken. It snowed from the north, binding the earth in ice. Hail fell to the ground, coldest of grains.

      Metaphors of a storm help illuminate the uneasiness of the scene, by describing the sky getting darker and various species hitting the ground. The narrator does not feel unwelcome by the storms, but rather inspired and adventerous.