Ancestral area reconstruction of the true morel genusMorchellausing the maximum likelihood-based program LAGRANGE (Ree and Smith, 2008), with four ancestralareas in the Northern Hemisphere. The outgroup taxaVerpaandDisciotiswere pruned from the chronogram to focus on the geographic range evolution ofMorchella.Divergence times were estimated using sequences of five calibration taxa (see Materials and Methods) and published divergence times for these taxa (Heckman et al., 2001;Blair, 2009). With the exception of two nodes within the Esculenta Clade, all ancestral ranges are represented by a single area. Red branches identify dispersalsresulting inrange expansions. Dispersals theorized to have involved the North Atlantic (NALB) and Beringian (B) land bridges between the Old and New Worlds are indicated. Thegeological time scale is in millions of years before present (Walker et al., 2009).Mru=M. rufobrunnea, Plio = Pliocene, P = Pleistocene. SeeSupporting information dataset S5for the NEXUS file
Speciation: the formation of new and distinct species in the course of evolution Provincialism: the way of life or mode of thought characteristic of the regions outside the capital city of a country, especially when regarded as unsophisticated or narrow-minded. Synapomorphy: is a shared ("syn") apomorphy that distinguishes a clade from other organisms. In other words, it is an apomorphy shared by members of a monophyletic group, and thus assumed to be present in their most recent common ancestor. Are cultivated morels as good as wild one’s We hypothesized the assumption that ‘everything is everywhere’ was likely to be fallacious for Morchella, based on the growing body of evidence that diverse microbes have been shown to exhibit strong biogeographic structure when phylogenetic species recognition is employed So what they are saying here is certain morals can grow in certain location because of the microbes found in the soil?
To obtain an initial estimate of Morchella species diversity and their geographic distribution, we generated partial DNA sequence data from one-to-two single-copy nuclear genes, RNA polymerase largest (RPB1) and second largest subunit (RPB2) or translation elongationfactor 1-alpha(EF-1 a),toscreena collectionof590 specimens. Based onthe results ofthisscreen,we selected177 specimens,representing the global genetic diversity sampled Is this a big enough sample.
limits within Morchella using genealogical concordance phylogenetic species recognition Is mushroom hybridization common How are the authors using the words endemism and provincialism here? What do they mean (in terms of Morchella distribution): there talking about the distribute global of this mushroom. It is a very wide sweeping genus
- Using the definitions employed by these authors, we considered a species to be endemicif it was restricted to Eurasia or North America. If a species was re-stricted to Europe or Asia, or eastern or western North America, I twas considered to be provincial. Why make this distinction? What is the relevance I Believe the reason for this distinction is to separate species that spread across land and others that spread across land bridges
Yikes! That is A LOT of money! Unfortunately, New Hampshire doesn't get much of it, as our soils are too acidic. If searching for morels in NH, its best to hunt on flood plains of rivers. Otherwise, head over to Vermont where the limestone is plentiful and the soils are rich. Morchella galore: I wonder if morels used to grow better here before we clear-cut the whole forest
- In the absenceof a chance encounter with a colony of the opposite mating type,they would be unable to form fruit bodies, complete the sexual cy-cle and form ascospores, the only highly dispersive propagulesformed during the morel life cycle. Have to wonder how they continued to be successfully continue their existence if this situation is an inherent part of their reproductive cycle. Good point . I wonder if they perform some type of asexual recombination during these times