But the reality is many poor kids aren't able to move to good neighborhoods. The question in this new study is: can policymakers transform some of America's most impoverished neighborhoods, which have abysmal rates of upward mobility, into better neighborhoods where kids have a much greater shot at escaping poverty? And, if you can transform these neighborhoods and that does increase kids' chances of climbing the economic ladder, how and why does that happen?

Simultaneously, holes in the VB of QDs are transported to the counter electrode (for example, Au or Pt) to complete the circuit, resulting in the flow of electricity (Figure 4).