<br> Source Excerpt: "¿Aprueba usted, que se convoque e instale una Asamblea Constituyente con plenos poderes de conformidad con el estatuto electoral que se adjunta, para que se transforme el marco institucional del Estado y elabore una nueva Constitución?".

Source Excerpt Translation: “¿Do you approve convening and establishing a Constituent Assembly with full powers in accordance to the attached Electoral Statute, for the transformation of the institutional framework of the State and the drafting of a new Constitution?”

Data Source: https://perma.cc/P2HW-4DJ5

Full Citation: Georgetown University Walsh School of Foreign Service Political Database of the Americas. República de Ecuador, Resultados Electorales, Resultados Consulta Popular [Republic of Ecuador, Electoral Results, Results Referendum.] 2007. https://pdba.georgetown.edu/Elecdata/Ecuador/consultapop_asconst2007.html .

<br> Source Excerpt: “Las decisiones de la Asamblea Constituyente son jerárquicamente superiores a cualquier otra norma del orden jurídico y de obligatorio cumplimiento para todas las personas naturales, jurídicas y demás poderes públicos sin excepción alguna. Ninguna decisión de la Asamblea Constituyente será susceptible de control o impugnación por parte de alguno de los poderes constituidos”

Excerpt Translation: “The decisions of the Constituent Assembly are hierarchically superior to any other rule of the legal order and mandatory for all natural persons, legal entities, and other public powers without any exception. No decision of the Constituent Assembly shall be subject to control or challenge by any of the constituted powers.”

Data Source: https://doi.org/10.5064/F6WZUAYU/ULOB0H

Full Citation: Ecuadorian Constituent Assembly. Constituent Mandate N° 1 [Constituent Mandate N° 1.] 2007. Page 1.

<br> Source Excerpt: “Art. 2.- De las Atribuciones de la Asamblea Constituyente.- La Asamblea Constituyente ejerce sus facultades mediante la expedición de: mandatos constituyentes, leyes, acuerdos, resoluciones y las demás decisiones que adopte en uso de sus atribuciones”

Excerpt Translation: “Art. 2.- Powers of the Constituent Assembly.- The Constituent Assembly exercises its powers by issuing: constituent mandates, laws, agreements, resolutions, and other decisions that it adopts in use of its powers.”

Data Source: https://doi.org/10.5064/F6WZUAYU/ULOB0H

Full Citation: Ecuadorian Constituent Assembly. Constituent Mandate N° 1 [Constituent Mandate N° 1.] 2007. Page 1.

<br> Data Source: https://perma.cc/X2NJ-EMK6

Full Citation: Sentencia Interpretativa: 001-08-SI-CC. (Constitutional Court for the Period of Transition 2008). https://portal.corteconstitucional.gob.ec/BoletinJulio2020/0003-08-IC-sen_c.pdf .

<br> Data Source: https://perma.cc/X5YU-8HMK

Full Citation: Interim Constitution of Nepal. 2007. https://constitutionnet.org/sites/default/files/interim_constitution_of_nepal_2007_as_amended_by_first_second_and_third_amendments.pdf .

<br> Data Source: https://perma.cc/SD79-RAPV

Full Citation: Constitution of Nepal. 2015. https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Nepal_2015.pdf .

<br> Data Source: https://perma.cc/5T5U-W9X7

Full Citation: Government of Nepal Ministry of Peace and Reconstruction. 12-Point Understanding Reached Between the Seven Political Parties and Nepal Communist Party (Maoists). November, 2005. https://peacemaker.un.org/sites/peacemaker.un.org/files/NP_051122_12%20Point%20Understanding.pdf .

<br> Source Excerpt: “2. The agitating Seven Political Parties are fully committed to the fact that the existing conflict in the country can be resolved and the sovereignty and the state powers can completely be established in people only by establishing full democracy by restoring the parliament through the force of agitation and forming an power full - party Government by its decision, negotiating with the Maoists, and on the basis of agreement, holding the election of constituent assembly.”

Data Source: https://perma.cc/5T5U-W9X7

Full Citation: Government of Nepal Ministry of Peace and Reconstruction. 12-Point Understanding Reached Between the Seven Political Parties and Nepal Communist Party (Maoists). November, 2005. https://peacemaker.un.org/sites/peacemaker.un.org/files/NP_051122_12%20Point%20Understanding.pdf . Page 2.

<br> Source Excerpt: “1. The democracy, peace, prosperity, social advancement and an independent, sovereign Nepal is the principal wish of all Nepali people in the country today. We are fully agreed that the autocratic monarchy is the main hurdle for this. We have a clear opinion that the peace, progress and prosperity in the country is not possible until and full democracy is established by bringing the absolute monarchy to an end.”

Data Source: https://perma.cc/5T5U-W9X7

Full Citation: Government of Nepal Ministry of Peace and Reconstruction. 12-Point Understanding Reached Between the Seven Political Parties and Nepal Communist Party (Maoists). November, 2005. https://peacemaker.un.org/sites/peacemaker.un.org/files/NP_051122_12%20Point%20Understanding.pdf . Page 1.

<br> Data Source: https://perma.cc/X6RB-U638

Full Citation: Constituent Assembly of Nepal. Constituent Assembly Rules, 2065 (2008). Publication November 14, 2008. https://www.lawcommission.gov.np/en/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/constituent-assembly-rules-2065-2008.pdf .

<br> Source Excerpt: “Preamble

(…)

Expressing determination to carry out a progressive restructuring of the state to resolve existing class-based, ethnic, regional and gender problems,

(…)

Declaring the beginning of a new chapter of peaceful collaboration by ending the armed conflict being practiced in the country from 2052 BS based on the political understanding among the two parties in order to accomplish, through the constituent assembly, certainty of sovereignty of Nepali people, progressive political outlet, democratic restructuring of the state, and social-economic-cultural transformation,“

Data Source: https://perma.cc/RM6S-VENY

Full Citation: "Comprehensive Peace Accord Signed Between Nepal Government and the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist)". Signed November 22, 2006. https://peacemaker.un.org/sites/peacemaker.un.org/files/NP_061122_Comprehensive%20Peace%20Agreement%20between%20the%20Government%20and%20the%20CPN%20%28Maoist%29.pdf . Page 1.

<br> Source Excerpt: “3. The country, today, demands the establishment of a permanent peace along with a positive resolution of the armed conflict. We are, therefore, firmly committed to establish a permanent peace by bringing the existing armed conflict in the country to an end through a forward-looking political outlet of the establishment of the full democracy by ending the autocratic monarchy and holding an election of the constituent assembly that would come on the basis of aforesaid procedure. The CPN (Maoists) expresses its commitment to move forward in the new peaceful political stream through this process. In this very context, an understanding has been made to keep the Maoists armed force and the Royal Army under the United Nations or a reliable international supervision during the process of the election of constituent assembly after the end of the autocratic monarchy, to accomplish the election in a free and fair manner. and to accept the result of the election. We also expect for the involvement of a reliable international community even in the process of negotiation.”

Data Source: https://perma.cc/5T5U-W9X7

Full Citation: Government of Nepal Ministry of Peace and Reconstruction. 12-Point Understanding Reached Between the Seven Political Parties and Nepal Communist Party (Maoists). November, 2005. https://peacemaker.un.org/sites/peacemaker.un.org/files/NP_051122_12%20Point%20Understanding.pdf . Page 2.

<br> Source Excerpt: “4. Making public its commitment, institutional in a clear manner, towards the democratic norms and values like the competitive multiparty system of governance, civil liberties, fundamental rights, human tights, principle of rule of law etc., the CPN (Maoists) has expressed its commitment to move forward its activities accordingly.”

Data Source: https://perma.cc/5T5U-W9X7

Full Citation: Government of Nepal Ministry of Peace and Reconstruction. 12-Point Understanding Reached Between the Seven Political Parties and Nepal Communist Party (Maoists). November, 2005. https://peacemaker.un.org/sites/peacemaker.un.org/files/NP_051122_12%20Point%20Understanding.pdf . Page 3.

<br> Source Excerpt: “8. The commitment has been made to fully respect the norms and values of the human rights and to move forward on the basis of them, and to respect the press freedom in the context of moving the peace process ahead.”

Data Source: https://perma.cc/5T5U-W9X7

Full Citation: Government of Nepal Ministry of Peace and Reconstruction. 12-Point Understanding Reached Between the Seven Political Parties and Nepal Communist Party (Maoists). November, 2005. https://peacemaker.un.org/sites/peacemaker.un.org/files/NP_051122_12%20Point%20Understanding.pdf . Page 3.

<br> Source Excerpt: “6. End of war

6.1 Giving permanent form to the ongoing ceasefire between the government and the Maoists on the basis of the historic agreement reached between the seven political parties and the CPN (Maoist) on November 8, 2006, we declare that the armed war going on since 1995 has ended.”

Data Source: https://perma.cc/RM6S-VENY

Full Citation: "Comprehensive Peace Accord Signed Between Nepal Government and the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist)". Signed November 22, 2006. https://peacemaker.un.org/sites/peacemaker.un.org/files/NP_061122_Comprehensive%20Peace%20Agreement%20between%20the%20Government%20and%20the%20CPN%20%28Maoist%29.pdf . Page 8.

<br> Source Excerpt: “…in order to hold the constituent assembly elections in a peaceful, fair and fear-less environment and to carry out democratization and restructuring of the army.”

Data Source: https://perma.cc/RM6S-VENY

Full Citation: "Comprehensive Peace Accord Signed Between Neap Government and the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist)". Signed November 22, 2006. https://peacemaker.un.org/sites/peacemaker.un.org/files/NP_061122_Comprehensive%20Peace%20Agreement%20between%20the%20Government%20and%20the%20CPN%20%28Maoist%29.pdf . Page 4.

<br> Source Excerpt: “4. Mixed Electoral System: The following mixed electoral system shall be adopted for election to the Members of the Constituent Assembly:

(a) First Past the Post Electoral System, and

(b) Proportional Electoral System where the Political Parties shall be voted.”

Data Source: https://perma.cc/7CE2-7GHQ

Full Citation: Constituent Assembly of Nepal. Election to the Members of the Constituent Assembly Act, 2064 (2007). Published June 22, 2007. https://www.lawcommission.gov.np/en/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/election-to-the-members-of-constituent-assembly-act-2064-2007.pdf . Page 3.

<br> Source Excerpt: “3. Political - Economic - Social Transformation and Conflict Management

Both the parties are in agreement to adopt the following policies and programs for political-economic-social transformation and to creatively manage conflict existing in the country:

(...)

3.2. To form an interim legislature-parliament on the basis of interim constitution, and hold elections to the constituent assembly in a free and fair manner by the month of Jestha, 2064 BS and practically ensure sovereignty inherent in the Nepali people.”

Data Source: https://perma.cc/RM6S-VENY

Full Citation: "Comprehensive Peace Accord Signed Between Neap Government and the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist)". Signed November 22, 2006. https://peacemaker.un.org/sites/peacemaker.un.org/files/NP_061122_Comprehensive%20Peace%20Agreement%20between%20the%20Government%20and%20the%20CPN%20%28Maoist%29.pdf . Page 4.

<br> Data Source: https://perma.cc/RM6S-VENY

Full Citation: "Comprehensive Peace Accord Signed Between Nepal Government and the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist)". Signed November 22, 2006. https://peacemaker.un.org/sites/peacemaker.un.org/files/NP_061122_Comprehensive%20Peace%20Agreement%20between%20the%20Government%20and%20the%20CPN%20%28Maoist%29.pdf .

<br> Source Excerpt:

“6. Making a self-assessment and a self-criticism of the past mistakes and weaknesses, the CPN (Maoists) has expressed its commitment for not allowing the mistakes and weaknesses to be committed in future.

1. Making a self-assessment towards the mistakes and weaknesses committed while staying in the Government and parliament in the past, the seven political parties have expressed their commitment for not repeating such mistakes and weaknesses now onwards.”

Data Source: https://perma.cc/5T5U-W9X7

Full Citation: Government of Nepal Ministry of Peace and Reconstruction. 12-Point Understanding Reached Between the Seven Political Parties and Nepal Communist Party (Maoists). November, 2005. https://peacemaker.un.org/sites/peacemaker.un.org/files/NP_051122_12%20Point%20Understanding.pdf . Page 3.

<br> Data Source: https://perma.cc/Y5T3-M3T6

Full Citation: "Agreement Between the GoN and Samyukta Loktantrik Madheshi Morcha". Signed February 28, 2008. https://www.peaceagreements.org/viewmasterdocument/1749 .

<br> Source Excerpt: “To carry out the following tasks in accordance with the 12-point understanding, eight-point agreement, 25-point code of conduct, the five point letter sent to the United Nations and the decisions of the meeting of senior leaders held on November 8 taken in the past in order to hold the constituent assembly elections in a peaceful, fair and fear-less environment…”

Data Source: https://perma.cc/RM6S-VENY

Full Citation: "Comprehensive Peace Accord Signed Between Neap Government and the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist)". Signed November 22, 2006. https://peacemaker.un.org/sites/peacemaker.un.org/files/NP_061122_Comprehensive%20Peace%20Agreement%20between%20the%20Government%20and%20the%20CPN%20%28Maoist%29.pdf . Page 4.

<br> Source Excerpt: “5. Proportional, inclusive group entry of Madheshi people and other communities into the Nepal Army shall be ensured to impart national character to Nepal Army and to make it more inclusive.”

Data Source: https://perma.cc/Y5T3-M3T6

Full Citation: "Agreement Between the GoN and Samyukta Loktantrik Madheshi Morcha". Signed February 28, 2008. https://www.peaceagreements.org/viewmasterdocument/1749 . Page 112.

<br> Source Excerpt: “64. Term of the Constituent Assembly

Unless otherwise dissolved earlier by a resolution passed by the Constituent Assembly, the term of the Constituent Assembly shall be two years from the date of its first meeting.

Provided that the term of the Constituent Assembly may be extended for up to six months by a resolution of the Constituent Assembly, in the event that the task of drafting the Constitution is not completed due to the proclamation of a State of Emergency in the country.”

Data Source: https://perma.cc/X5YU-8HMK

Full Citation: Interim Constitution of Nepal. 2007. https://constitutionnet.org/sites/default/files/interim_constitution_of_nepal_2007_as_amended_by_first_second_and_third_amendments.pdf . Page 27.

<br> Source Excerpt: “Preamble.

(…)

Therefore, it has become an inevitable need to implement the concept of full democracy through a forward - looking restructuring of the state to resolve the problems related to class, cast, gender, region and so on of all sectors including the political, economic, social and cultural, by bringing the autocratic monarchy to an end and establishing full democracy.”

Data Source: https://perma.cc/5T5U-W9X7

Full Citation: Government of Nepal Ministry of Peace and Reconstruction. 12-Point Understanding Reached Between the Seven Political Parties and Nepal Communist Party (Maoists). November, 2005. https://peacemaker.un.org/sites/peacemaker.un.org/files/NP_051122_12%20Point%20Understanding.pdf . Page 1.

<br> Data Source: https://perma.cc/X5YU-8HMK

Full Citation: Interim Constitution of Nepal. 2007. https://constitutionnet.org/sites/default/files/interim_constitution_of_nepal_2007_as_amended_by_first_second_and_third_amendments.pdf .

<br> Source Excerpt: “4.1. As per the commitment expressed in the letter sent on behalf of the Nepal Government and the CPN (Maoist) to the United Nations on August 9, 2006, the Maoists' Army combatants to remain within the following temporary cantonments in the following places. The UN to verify and monitor them.”

Data Source: https://perma.cc/RM6S-VENY

Full Citation: "Comprehensive Peace Accord Signed Between Neap Government and the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist)". Signed November 22, 2006. https://peacemaker.un.org/sites/peacemaker.un.org/files/NP_061122_Comprehensive%20Peace%20Agreement%20between%20the%20Government%20and%20the%20CPN%20%28Maoist%29.pdf . Page 5.

<br> Source Excerpt: “8.4. Both parties express commitment to the fact that the interim Council of Ministers can constitute and determine the working procedures of the National Peace and Rehabilitation Commission, the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, the High-level State Restructuring Recommendation Commission… “

Data Source: https://perma.cc/RM6S-VENY

Full Citation: "Comprehensive Peace Accord Signed Between Nepal Government and the Community Party of Nepal (Maoist)". Signed November 22, 2006. https://peacemaker.un.org/sites/peacemaker.un.org/files/NP_061122_Comprehensive%20Peace%20Agreement%20between%20the%20Government%20and%20the%20CPN%20%28Maoist%29.pdf . Page 11.

<br> Source Excerpt: “5.2.5. Both sides agree to set up a High-level Truth and Reconciliation Commission through mutual agreement in order to investigate truth about people seriously violating human rights and involved in crimes against humanity, and to create an environment of reconciliations inthe society. “

Data Source: https://perma.cc/RM6S-VENY

Full Citation: "Comprehensive Peace Accord Signed Between Nepal Government and the Community Party of Nepal (Maoist)". Signed November 22, 2006. https://peacemaker.un.org/sites/peacemaker.un.org/files/NP_061122_Comprehensive%20Peace%20Agreement%20between%20the%20Government%20and%20the%20CPN%20%28Maoist%29.pdf . Page 7.

<br> Data Source: https://perma.cc/7CE2-7GHQ

Full Citation: Constituent Assembly of Nepal. Election to the Members of the Constituent Assembly Act, 2064 (2007). Published June 22, 2007. https://www.lawcommission.gov.np/en/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/election-to-the-members-of-constituent-assembly-act-2064-2007.pdf .

<br> Source Excerpt: “1. The Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal will have eight provinces based on five criteria of identity and four criteria of capability.”

Data Source: https://perma.cc/2589-FZE4

Full Citation: Constituent Assembly of Nepal. The 16-point Agreement. June 8, 2015. https://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/nepal/document/papers/16-point_agreement.htm .

<br> Source Excerpt: “4. The Government shall execute appointments, promotions and nominations in a manner that ensures inclusive and proportionalparticipation of Madheshi people, Adivasi, Jananati , women, Dalits, backward regions and minority communities in all state bodies, including the security bodies.”

Data Source: https://perma.cc/Y5T3-M3T6

Full Citation: "Agreement Between the GoN and Samyukta Loktantrik Madheshi Morcha". Signed February 28, 2008. https://www.peaceagreements.org/viewmasterdocument/1749 . Page 112.

<br> Data Source: https://perma.cc/2589-FZE4

Full Citation: Constituent Assembly of Nepal. The 16-point Agreement. June 8, 2015. https://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/nepal/document/papers/16-point_agreement.htm .

<br> Source Excerpt: “59. Constituent Assembly to exercise the powers of the Legislature-Parliament

After the termination of tenure of the Legislature-Parliament pursuant to clause (4) of Article 45 the powers of the Legislature-Parliament under this Constitution shall be exercised by the Constituent Assembly.”

Data Source: https://perma.cc/X5YU-8HMK

Full Citation: Interim Constitution of Nepal. 2007. https://constitutionnet.org/sites/default/files/interim_constitution_of_nepal_2007_as_amended_by_first_second_and_third_amendments.pdf . Page 24.

<br> Source Excerpt: “3. The Nepal government will form a federal commission to recommend on demarcation of federal provinces. The commission will have tenure of six months. The Legislature-Parliament will take a final decision on the demarcation with a two-thirds majority after the recommendation of the commission.”

Data Source: https://perma.cc/2589-FZE4

Full Citation: Constituent Assembly of Nepal. The 16-point Agreement. June 8, 2015. https://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/nepal/document/papers/16-point_agreement.htm .

<br> Source Excerpt: “3.5. To carry out an inclusive, democratic and progressive restructuring of the state by ending the current centralized and unitary form of the state in order to address the problems related to women, Dalit, indigenous people, Janajatis, Madheshi, oppressed, neglected and minority communities and backward regions by ending discrimination based on class, caste, language, gender, culture, religion, and region.“

Data Source: https://perma.cc/RM6S-VENY

Full Citation: "Comprehensive Peace Accord Signed Between Nepal Government and the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist)". Signed November 22, 2006. https://peacemaker.un.org/sites/peacemaker.un.org/files/NP_061122_Comprehensive%20Peace%20Agreement%20between%20the%20Government%20and%20the%20CPN%20%28Maoist%29.pdf . Page 4.

<br> Source Excerpt: “((5). A person, born in Nepal to a Nepali citizen mother, who has domicile in Nepal and whose father is not identified, shall be granted citizenship of Nepal by descent.

Provided that in case his/her father is proved to be a foreign citizen the citizenship of such a person shall be converted into naturalized citizenship as provided for by the federal law.

((6). If a foreign woman married to a Nepali citizen so wishes, she may acquire naturalized citizenship of Nepal as provided for by the federal law.

((7). Notwithstanding anything contained elsewhere in this Article, in case of a person born to a Nepali woman citizen married to a foreign citizen, who has permanent domicile in Nepal and has not acquired citizenship of a foreign country, he/she may acquire naturalized citizenship of Nepal as provided for by the federal law.

Provided that at the time of acquisition of citizenship, both his/her mother and father are citizens of Nepal such person born in Nepal may acquire citizenship of Nepal by descent.

((8). Except provided for in this Article, the Government of Nepal may grant naturalized citizenship of Nepal as provided for by the federal law.

((9). The Government of Nepal may grant honorary Nepali citizenship as provided for by the federal law.

((10). In case any territory is acquired by Nepal by way of merger, persons having domicile in such territory shall be citizens of Nepal subject to federal law.”

Data Source: https://perma.cc/SD79-RAPV

Full Citation: Constitution of Nepal. Article 11. 2015. https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Nepal_2015.pdf . Page 15.

<br> Source Excerpt: “2. Nepal shall become a federal democratic republic by accepting people’s aspiration for a federal structure with autonomous regions, including the Madheshi people’s aspiration for an autonomous Madhesh state.”

Data Source: https://perma.cc/Y5T3-M3T6

Full Citation: "Agreement Between the GoN and Samyukta Loktantrik Madheshi Morcha". Signed February 28, 2008. https://www.peaceagreements.org/viewmasterdocument/1749 . Page 111.

<br> Data Source: https://perma.cc/2589-FZE4

Full Citation: Constituent Assembly of Nepal. The 16-point Agreement. June 8, 2015. https://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/nepal/document/papers/16-point_agreement.htm .

<br> Source Excerpt: “1. Federal Democratic republican Nepal shall be divided into 14 autonomous states by putting an end to the existing unitary and centralized state structure.”

Data Source: https://perma.cc/PK59-UE87

Full Citation: Constituent Assembly Restructuring of the State and Distribution of State Power Committee. Report on Concept Paper and Preliminary Draft, 2066. https://constitutionnet.org/sites/default/files/concept_paper_restructuring_state_gtz_eng.pdf . Page 2.

<br> Source Excerpt: “56. Emergency Powers in Case of Failure of Constitutional Machinery

(1) If His Majesty in His discretion is satisfied, after consulting the Council of State, that the system of Parliamentary government contemplated by this Constitution has broken down and that the powers conferred by Article 17 are in the circumstances inadequate, He may by Proclamation in His discretion suspend any provision of Part III, IV and V of this Constitution and make such temporary provision for the governance of the Kingdom of Nepal as in His discretion He may deem necessary:

Provided that:

(a) He shall not suspend either or both Houses of Parliament unless in His discretion He deems it necessary to do so;

(b) if He deems it necessary to suspend one House of Parliament, laws shall thereafter be made, subject to the provisions of this Article, by a Parliament consisting of His Majesty and the other House;”

Data Source: https://doi.org/10.5064/F6LTXGPB/AE2BJT

Full Citation: Constitution of Nepal 1959. Page 23.

<br> Source Excerpt: “((2). At the commencement of this Constitution, the following persons who have their permanent domicile in Nepal shall be deemed citizens of Nepal by descent:b. Any person whose father or mother was a citizen of Nepal at the birth of such person”

Data Source: https://perma.cc/SD79-RAPV

Full Citation: Constitution of Nepal. Article 4. 2015. https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Nepal_2015.pdf . Page 13.

<br> Source Excerpt: “((6). If a foreign woman married to a Nepali citizen so wishes, she may acquire naturalized citizenship of Nepal as provided for by the federal law.”

Data Source: https://perma.cc/SD79-RAPV

Full Citation: Constitution of Nepal. Article 11. 2015. https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Nepal_2015.pdf . Page 15.

<br> Source Excerpt: “1. The Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal will have eight provinces based on five criteria of identity and four criteria of capability.”

Data Source: https://perma.cc/2589-FZE4

Full Citation: Constituent Assembly of Nepal. The 16-point Agreement. June 8, 2015. https://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/nepal/document/papers/16-point_agreement.htm

<br> Source Excerpt: “Preamble

(…)

NOW THEREFORE, in order to institutionalize the achievements of the revolution and movements till this date, hereby promulgate this INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007), prepared through a political consensus and to be in force until a new Constitution is framed by the Constituent Assembly.”

Data Source: https://perma.cc/X5YU-8HMK

Full Citation: Interim Constitution of Nepal. 2007. https://constitutionnet.org/sites/default/files/interim_constitution_of_nepal_2007_as_amended_by_first_second_and_third_amendments.pdf . Page 1.

<br> Source Excerpt: “4. State of Nepal((1). Nepal is an independent, indivisible, sovereign, secular, inclusive democratic, socialism-oriented federal democratic republican state.”

Data Source: https://perma.cc/SD79-RAPV

Full Citation: Constitution of Nepal. Article 4. 2015. https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Nepal_2015.pdf . Page 13.

<br> Source Excerpt: “100. Provision related to Vote of Confidence and Motion of no-confidence

(…)

((5). The name of the member proposed for Prime Minister should be mentioned when tabling the no-confidence motion under clause (4).”

Data Source: https://perma.cc/SD79-RAPV

Full Citation: Constitution of Nepal. Article 100. 2015. https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Nepal_2015.pdf . Page 55.

<br> Data Source: https://perma.cc/5T5U-W9X7

Full Citation: Government of Nepal Ministry of Peace and Reconstruction. 12-Point Understanding Reached Between the Seven Political Parties and Nepal Communist Party (Maoists). November, 2005. https://peacemaker.un.org/sites/peacemaker.un.org/files/NP_051122_12%20Point%20Understanding.pdf .

<br> Data Source: https://perma.cc/PG2R-GM5W

Full Citation: Nepali Times. Map of Federal Nepal. August 5, 2015. http://archive.nepalitimes.com/blogs/thebrief/2015/08/08/map-of-federal-nepal/ .

<br> Source Excerpt: “74. Form of governance

The form of governance of Nepal shall be a multi-party, competitive, federal democratic republican parliamentary system based on plurality.”

Data Source: https://perma.cc/SD79-RAPV

Full Citation: Constitution of Nepal. Article 74. 2015. https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Nepal_2015.pdf . Page 44.

<br> Data Source: https://perma.cc/V4VJ-Z48K

Full Citation: Government of Nepal. National Planning Commission Secretariat Central Bureau of Statistics. National Population and Housing Census 2011. November, 2012. https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic-social/census/documents/Nepal/Nepal-Census-2011-Vol1.pdf .

<br> Source Excerpt: “84. Constitution of House of Representatives

(1). The House of Representatives shall consist of two hundred and seventy five members as follows:-

a. One hundred and sixty five members elected through the first-past-the-post electoral system consisting of one member from each of the one hundred and sixty five electoral constituencies formed by dividing Nepal into 165 constituencies based on geography, and population.

b. One hundred and ten members elected from proportional representation electoral system where voters vote for parties, while treating the whole country as a single electoral constituency.”

Data Source: https://perma.cc/SD79-RAPV

Full Citation: Constitution of Nepal. Article 84. 2015. https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Nepal_2015.pdf . Page 48.

<br> Source Excerpt: “((3). A child of a citizen who has acquired the citizenship of Nepal by birth before the commencement of this Constitution, shall acquire the citizenship of Nepal by descent after becoming adult if his/her father and mother are both citizens of Nepal.”

Data Source: https://perma.cc/SD79-RAPV

Full Citation: Constitution of Nepal. Article 11. 2015. https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Nepal_2015.pdf . Page 15.

<br> Source Excerpt: “86. Constitution of National Assembly and terms of members

((1). National Assembly shall be a permanent house.

((2). There shall be fifty-nine members in the National Assembly as follows:-.”

a. Fifty six members elected from an Electoral College comprising members of Provincial Assembly and chairpersons and vice-chairpersons of Village councils and Mayors and Deputy Mayors of Municipal councils, with different weights of votes for each, with eight members from each province, including at least three women, one Dalit, one person with disability or minority;

b. Three members, including at least one woman, to be nominated by the President on the recommendation of Government of Nepal.”

Data Source: https://perma.cc/SD79-RAPV

Full Citation: Constitution of Nepal. Article 86. 2015. https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Nepal_2015.pdf . 50.

<br> Data Source: https://perma.cc/SD79-RAPV

Full Citation: Constitution of Nepal. 2015. https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Nepal_2015.pdf .

<br> Source Excerpt: “287. Language Commission

((1). The Government of Nepal shall establish a Language Commission ensuring representation of the provinces within a year from the commencement of this Constitution.”

Data Source: https://perma.cc/SD79-RAPV

Full Citation: Constitution of Nepal. 2015. Article 287. https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Nepal_2015.pdf . Page 147.

<br> Source Excerpt: “Preamble

(…)

it is expedient to promulgate and enforce this Constitution, made with the widest possible participation of the Nepalese people, to guarantee basic human rights to every citizen of Nepal; and also to consolidate Adult Franchise, the Parliamentary System of Government, Constitutional Monarchy and the System of Multi Party Democracy.”

Data Source: https://doi.org/10.5064/F6LTXGPB/FKPW9M

Full Citation: Constitution of Nepal. 1990. Page 3.

<br> Source Excerpt: “PART 11: Judiciary

1. Courts to exercise powers related to justice

((1). Powers relating to justice in Nepal shall be exercised by courts and other judicial institutions in accordance with the provisions of this Constitution, other laws and recognized principles of justice.

((2). All must adhere to the order or verdict given by the court in relation to the court cases.

1. Courts

((1). There shall be the following courts in Nepal:

a. Supreme Court,

b. High Court, and

c. District Court.”

Data Source: https://perma.cc/SD79-RAPV

Full Citation: Constitution of Nepal. Article 126. 2015. https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Nepal_2015.pdf . Page 66.

<br> Source Excerpt: “100. Provision related to Vote of Confidence and Motion of no-confidence

(…)

((4). One-fourth of the total number of members of the House of Representatives may table in writing a no-confidence motion against the Prime Minister:

Provided that a no-confidence motion shall not be presented up to first two years of appointment of the Prime Minister and if a no-confidence motion fails, another motion cannot be tabled within a year of its failure.”

Data Source: https://perma.cc/SD79-RAPV

Full Citation: Constitution of Nepal. Article 100. 2015. https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Nepal_2015.pdf . Page 55.

<br> Data Source: https://doi.org/10.5064/F6LTXGPB/ENDU7K

Full Citation: Constitution of Nepal. 1951.

<br> Data Source: https://perma.cc/RM6S-VENY

Full Citation: "Comprehensive Peace Accord Signed Between Nepal Government and the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist)". Signed November 22, 2006. https://peacemaker.un.org/sites/peacemaker.un.org/files/NP_061122_Comprehensive%20Peace%20Agreement%20between%20the%20Government%20and%20the%20CPN%20%28Maoist%29.pdf .

<br> Data Source: https://doi.org/10.5064/F6LTXGPB/FKPW9M

Full Citation: Constitution of Nepal. 1990.

<br> Data Source: https://doi.org/10.5064/F6LTXGPB/CIJPZO

Full Citation: Constitution of Nepal. 1948.

<br> Data Source: https://perma.cc/2589-FZE4

Full Citation: Constituent Assembly of Nepal. The 16-point Agreement. June 8, 2015. https://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/nepal/document/papers/16-point_agreement.htm .

<br> Source Excerpt: “1. Federal Democratic republican Nepal shall be divided into 14 autonomous states by putting an end to the existing unitary and centralized state structure.”

Data Source: https://perma.cc/PK59-UE87

Full Citation: Constituent Assembly Restructuring of the State and Distribution of State Power Committee. Report on Concept Paper and Preliminary Draft, 2066. January 21, 2010. https://constitutionnet.org/sites/default/files/concept_paper_restructuring_state_gtz_eng.pdf . Page 17.

<br> Data Source: https://doi.org/10.5064/F6LTXGPB/AE2BJT

Full Citation: Constitution of Nepal. 1959.

<br> Source Excerpt: “Preamble

(…)

and cement the unity of the nation by bringing about political stability through the establishment of an efficient monarchical form of government responsive to the wishes of the people.

(…)

“18. Constitution or parliament.There shall be a Parliament which shall consist of His Majesty and two Houses, to be known respectively as the Senate (Maha Sabha) and the House of Representatives (Pratinidhi Sabha).”

Data Source: https://doi.org/10.5064/F6LTXGPB/AE2BJT

Full Citation: Constitution of Nepal. 1959. Page 1.

<br> Data Source: https://doi.org/10.5064/F6LTXGPB/HDYDGD

Full Citation: Constitution of Nepal. 1962.

<br> Data Source: https://doi.org/10.5064/F6LTXGPB/HDYDGD

Full Citation: Constitution of Nepal. 1962.

<br> Source Excerpt: “Preamble

(…)

and cement the unity of the nation by bringing about political stability through the establishment of an efficient monarchical form of government responsive to the wishes of the people.

(…)

“18. Constitution or parliament.There shall be a Parliament which shall consist of His Majesty and two Houses, to be known respectively as the Senate (Maha Sabha) and the House of Representatives (Pratinidhi Sabha).”

Data Source: https://doi.org/10.5064/F6LTXGPB/AE2BJT

Full Citation: Constitution of Nepal. 1959. Page 1.

<br> Data Source: https://doi.org/10.5064/F6LTXGPB/AE2BJT

Full Citation: Constitution of Nepal. 1959.

<br> Data Source: https://perma.cc/2589-FZE4

Full Citation: Constituent Assembly of Nepal. The 16-point Agreement. June 8, 2015. https://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/nepal/document/papers/16-point_agreement.htm .

<br> Data Source: https://perma.cc/RM6S-VENY

Full Citation: "Comprehensive Peace Accord Signed Between Nepal Government and the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist)". Signed November 22, 2006. https://peacemaker.un.org/sites/peacemaker.un.org/files/NP_061122_Comprehensive%20Peace%20Agreement%20between%20the%20Government%20and%20the%20CPN%20%28Maoist%29.pdf .

<br> Source Excerpt: “1. Federal Democratic republican Nepal shall be divided into 14 autonomous states by putting an end to the existing unitary and centralized state structure.”

Data Source: https://perma.cc/PK59-UE87

Full Citation: Constituent Assembly Restructuring of the State and Distribution of State Power Committee. Report on Concept Paper and Preliminary Draft, 2066. January 21, 2010. https://constitutionnet.org/sites/default/files/concept_paper_restructuring_state_gtz_eng.pdf . Page 17.

<br> Data Source: https://doi.org/10.5064/F6LTXGPB/ENDU7K

Full Citation: Constitution of Nepal. 1951.

<br> Data Source: https://doi.org/10.5064/F6LTXGPB/CIJPZO

Full Citation: Constitution of Nepal. 1948.

<br> Data Source: https://doi.org/10.5064/F6LTXGPB/FKPW9M

Full Citation: Constitution of Nepal. 1990.

<br> Data Source: https://perma.cc/SD79-RAPV

Full Citation: Constitution of Nepal. 2015. https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Nepal_2015.pdf .

<br> Source Excerpt: “PART 11: Judiciary

1. Courts to exercise powers related to justice

((1). Powers relating to justice in Nepal shall be exercised by courts and other judicial institutions in accordance with the provisions of this Constitution, other laws and recognized principles of justice.

((2). All must adhere to the order or verdict given by the court in relation to the court cases.

1. Courts

((1). There shall be the following courts in Nepal:

a. Supreme Court,

b. High Court, and

c. District Court.”

Data Source: https://perma.cc/SD79-RAPV

Full Citation: Constitution of Nepal. Article 126. 2015. https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Nepal_2015.pdf . Page 66.

<br> Source Excerpt: “100. Provision related to Vote of Confidence and Motion of no-confidence

(…)

((4). One-fourth of the total number of members of the House of Representatives may table in writing a no-confidence motion against the Prime Minister:

Provided that a no-confidence motion shall not be presented up to first two years of appointment of the Prime Minister and if a no-confidence motion fails, another motion cannot be tabled within a year of its failure.”

Data Source: https://perma.cc/SD79-RAPV

Full Citation: Constitution of Nepal. Article 100. 2015. https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Nepal_2015.pdf . Page 55.

<br> Source Excerpt: “Preamble

(…)

it is expedient to promulgate and enforce this Constitution, made with the widest possible participation of the Nepalese people, to guarantee basic human rights to every citizen of Nepal; and also to consolidate Adult Franchise, the Parliamentary System of Government, Constitutional Monarchy and the System of Multi Party Democracy.”

Data Source: https://doi.org/10.5064/F6LTXGPB/FKPW9M

Full Citation: Constitution of Nepal. 1990. Page 3.

<br> Source Excerpt: “287. Language Commission

((1). The Government of Nepal shall establish a Language Commission ensuring representation of the provinces within a year from the commencement of this Constitution.”

Data Source: https://perma.cc/SD79-RAPV

Full Citation: Constitution of Nepal. 2015. Article 287. https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Nepal_2015.pdf . Page 147.

<br> Source Excerpt: “((3). A child of a citizen who has acquired the citizenship of Nepal by birth before the commencement of this Constitution, shall acquire the citizenship of Nepal by descent after becoming adult if his/her father and mother are both citizens of Nepal.”

Data Source: https://perma.cc/SD79-RAPV

Full Citation: Constitution of Nepal. Article 11. 2015. https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Nepal_2015.pdf . Page 15.

<br> Source Excerpt: “86. Constitution of National Assembly and terms of members

((1). National Assembly shall be a permanent house.

((2). There shall be fifty-nine members in the National Assembly as follows:-.”

a. Fifty six members elected from an Electoral College comprising members of Provincial Assembly and chairpersons and vice-chairpersons of Village councils and Mayors and Deputy Mayors of Municipal councils, with different weights of votes for each, with eight members from each province, including at least three women, one Dalit, one person with disability or minority;

b. Three members, including at least one woman, to be nominated by the President on the recommendation of Government of Nepal.”

Data Source: https://perma.cc/SD79-RAPV

Full Citation: Constitution of Nepal. Article 86. 2015. https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Nepal_2015.pdf . 50.

<br> Source Excerpt: “84. Constitution of House of Representatives

(1). The House of Representatives shall consist of two hundred and seventy five members as follows:-

a. One hundred and sixty five members elected through the first-past-the-post electoral system consisting of one member from each of the one hundred and sixty five electoral constituencies formed by dividing Nepal into 165 constituencies based on geography, and population.

b. One hundred and ten members elected from proportional representation electoral system where voters vote for parties, while treating the whole country as a single electoral constituency.”

Data Source: https://perma.cc/SD79-RAPV

Full Citation: Constitution of Nepal. Article 84. 2015. https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Nepal_2015.pdf . Page 48.

<br> Source Excerpt: “74. Form of governance

The form of governance of Nepal shall be a multi-party, competitive, federal democratic republican parliamentary system based on plurality.”

Data Source: https://perma.cc/SD79-RAPV

Full Citation: Constitution of Nepal. Article 74. 2015. https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Nepal_2015.pdf . Page 44.

<br> Data Source: https://perma.cc/V4VJ-Z48K

Full Citation: Government of Nepal. National Planning Commission Secretariat Central Bureau of Statistics. National Population and Housing Census 2011. November, 2012. https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic-social/census/documents/Nepal/Nepal-Census-2011-Vol1.pdf .

<br> Data Source: https://perma.cc/PG2R-GM5W

Full Citation: Nepali Times. Map of Federal Nepal. August 5, 2015. http://archive.nepalitimes.com/blogs/thebrief/2015/08/08/map-of-federal-nepal/ .

<br> Data Source: https://perma.cc/5T5U-W9X7

Full Citation: Government of Nepal Ministry of Peace and Reconstruction. 12-Point Understanding Reached Between the Seven Political Parties and Nepal Communist Party (Maoists). November, 2005. https://peacemaker.un.org/sites/peacemaker.un.org/files/NP_051122_12%20Point%20Understanding.pdf .

<br> Source Excerpt: “100. Provision related to Vote of Confidence and Motion of no-confidence

(…)

((5). The name of the member proposed for Prime Minister should be mentioned when tabling the no-confidence motion under clause (4).”

Data Source: https://perma.cc/SD79-RAPV

Full Citation: Constitution of Nepal. Article 100. 2015. https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Nepal_2015.pdf . Page 55.

<br> Source Excerpt: “4. State of Nepal((1). Nepal is an independent, indivisible, sovereign, secular, inclusive democratic, socialism-oriented federal democratic republican state.”

Data Source: https://perma.cc/SD79-RAPV

Full Citation: Constitution of Nepal. Article 4. 2015. https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Nepal_2015.pdf . Page 13.

<br> Source Excerpt: “Preamble

(…)

NOW THEREFORE, in order to institutionalize the achievements of the revolution and movements till this date, hereby promulgate this INTERIM CONSTITUTION OF NEPAL, 2063 (2007), prepared through a political consensus and to be in force until a new Constitution is framed by the Constituent Assembly.”

Data Source: https://perma.cc/X5YU-8HMK

Full Citation: Interim Constitution of Nepal. 2007. https://constitutionnet.org/sites/default/files/interim_constitution_of_nepal_2007_as_amended_by_first_second_and_third_amendments.pdf . Page 1.

<br> Source Excerpt: “1. The Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal will have eight provinces based on five criteria of identity and four criteria of capability.”

Data Source: https://perma.cc/2589-FZE4

Full Citation: Constituent Assembly of Nepal. The 16-point Agreement. June 8, 2015. https://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/nepal/document/papers/16-point_agreement.htm

<br> Source Excerpt: “((6). If a foreign woman married to a Nepali citizen so wishes, she may acquire naturalized citizenship of Nepal as provided for by the federal law.”

Data Source: https://perma.cc/SD79-RAPV

Full Citation: Constitution of Nepal. Article 11. 2015. https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Nepal_2015.pdf . Page 15.

<br> Source Excerpt: “((2). At the commencement of this Constitution, the following persons who have their permanent domicile in Nepal shall be deemed citizens of Nepal by descent:b. Any person whose father or mother was a citizen of Nepal at the birth of such person”

Data Source: https://perma.cc/SD79-RAPV

Full Citation: Constitution of Nepal. Article 4. 2015. https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Nepal_2015.pdf . Page 13.

<br> Source Excerpt: “56. Emergency Powers in Case of Failure of Constitutional Machinery

(1) If His Majesty in His discretion is satisfied, after consulting the Council of State, that the system of Parliamentary government contemplated by this Constitution has broken down and that the powers conferred by Article 17 are in the circumstances inadequate, He may by Proclamation in His discretion suspend any provision of Part III, IV and V of this Constitution and make such temporary provision for the governance of the Kingdom of Nepal as in His discretion He may deem necessary:

Provided that:

(a) He shall not suspend either or both Houses of Parliament unless in His discretion He deems it necessary to do so;

(b) if He deems it necessary to suspend one House of Parliament, laws shall thereafter be made, subject to the provisions of this Article, by a Parliament consisting of His Majesty and the other House;”

Data Source: https://doi.org/10.5064/F6LTXGPB/AE2BJT

Full Citation: Constitution of Nepal 1959. Page 23.

<br> Source Excerpt: “1. Federal Democratic republican Nepal shall be divided into 14 autonomous states by putting an end to the existing unitary and centralized state structure.”

Data Source: https://perma.cc/PK59-UE87

Full Citation: Constituent Assembly Restructuring of the State and Distribution of State Power Committee. Report on Concept Paper and Preliminary Draft, 2066. https://constitutionnet.org/sites/default/files/concept_paper_restructuring_state_gtz_eng.pdf . Page 2.

<br> Data Source: https://perma.cc/2589-FZE4

Full Citation: Constituent Assembly of Nepal. The 16-point Agreement. June 8, 2015. https://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/nepal/document/papers/16-point_agreement.htm .

<br> Source Excerpt: “2. Nepal shall become a federal democratic republic by accepting people’s aspiration for a federal structure with autonomous regions, including the Madheshi people’s aspiration for an autonomous Madhesh state.”

Data Source: https://perma.cc/Y5T3-M3T6

Full Citation: "Agreement Between the GoN and Samyukta Loktantrik Madheshi Morcha". Signed February 28, 2008. https://www.peaceagreements.org/viewmasterdocument/1749 . Page 111.

<br> Source Excerpt: “((5). A person, born in Nepal to a Nepali citizen mother, who has domicile in Nepal and whose father is not identified, shall be granted citizenship of Nepal by descent.

Provided that in case his/her father is proved to be a foreign citizen the citizenship of such a person shall be converted into naturalized citizenship as provided for by the federal law.

((6). If a foreign woman married to a Nepali citizen so wishes, she may acquire naturalized citizenship of Nepal as provided for by the federal law.

((7). Notwithstanding anything contained elsewhere in this Article, in case of a person born to a Nepali woman citizen married to a foreign citizen, who has permanent domicile in Nepal and has not acquired citizenship of a foreign country, he/she may acquire naturalized citizenship of Nepal as provided for by the federal law.

Provided that at the time of acquisition of citizenship, both his/her mother and father are citizens of Nepal such person born in Nepal may acquire citizenship of Nepal by descent.

((8). Except provided for in this Article, the Government of Nepal may grant naturalized citizenship of Nepal as provided for by the federal law.

((9). The Government of Nepal may grant honorary Nepali citizenship as provided for by the federal law.

((10). In case any territory is acquired by Nepal by way of merger, persons having domicile in such territory shall be citizens of Nepal subject to federal law.”

Data Source: https://perma.cc/SD79-RAPV

Full Citation: Constitution of Nepal. Article 11. 2015. https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Nepal_2015.pdf . Page 15.

<br> Source Excerpt: “3.5. To carry out an inclusive, democratic and progressive restructuring of the state by ending the current centralized and unitary form of the state in order to address the problems related to women, Dalit, indigenous people, Janajatis, Madheshi, oppressed, neglected and minority communities and backward regions by ending discrimination based on class, caste, language, gender, culture, religion, and region.“

Data Source: https://perma.cc/RM6S-VENY

Full Citation: "Comprehensive Peace Accord Signed Between Nepal Government and the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist)". Signed November 22, 2006. https://peacemaker.un.org/sites/peacemaker.un.org/files/NP_061122_Comprehensive%20Peace%20Agreement%20between%20the%20Government%20and%20the%20CPN%20%28Maoist%29.pdf . Page 4.

<br> Source Excerpt: “3. The Nepal government will form a federal commission to recommend on demarcation of federal provinces. The commission will have tenure of six months. The Legislature-Parliament will take a final decision on the demarcation with a two-thirds majority after the recommendation of the commission.”

Data Source: https://perma.cc/2589-FZE4

Full Citation: Constituent Assembly of Nepal. The 16-point Agreement. June 8, 2015. https://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/nepal/document/papers/16-point_agreement.htm .

<br> Source Excerpt: “59. Constituent Assembly to exercise the powers of the Legislature-Parliament

After the termination of tenure of the Legislature-Parliament pursuant to clause (4) of Article 45 the powers of the Legislature-Parliament under this Constitution shall be exercised by the Constituent Assembly.”

Data Source: https://perma.cc/X5YU-8HMK

Full Citation: Interim Constitution of Nepal. 2007. https://constitutionnet.org/sites/default/files/interim_constitution_of_nepal_2007_as_amended_by_first_second_and_third_amendments.pdf . Page 24.

<br> Data Source: https://perma.cc/2589-FZE4

Full Citation: Constituent Assembly of Nepal. The 16-point Agreement. June 8, 2015. https://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/nepal/document/papers/16-point_agreement.htm .

<br> Source Excerpt: “4. The Government shall execute appointments, promotions and nominations in a manner that ensures inclusive and proportionalparticipation of Madheshi people, Adivasi, Jananati , women, Dalits, backward regions and minority communities in all state bodies, including the security bodies.”

Data Source: https://perma.cc/Y5T3-M3T6

Full Citation: "Agreement Between the GoN and Samyukta Loktantrik Madheshi Morcha". Signed February 28, 2008. https://www.peaceagreements.org/viewmasterdocument/1749 . Page 112.

<br> Source Excerpt: “1. The Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal will have eight provinces based on five criteria of identity and four criteria of capability.”

Data Source: https://perma.cc/2589-FZE4

Full Citation: Constituent Assembly of Nepal. The 16-point Agreement. June 8, 2015. https://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/nepal/document/papers/16-point_agreement.htm .

<br> Data Source: https://perma.cc/7CE2-7GHQ

Full Citation: Constituent Assembly of Nepal. Election to the Members of the Constituent Assembly Act, 2064 (2007). Published June 22, 2007. https://www.lawcommission.gov.np/en/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/election-to-the-members-of-constituent-assembly-act-2064-2007.pdf .

<br> Source Excerpt: “5.2.5. Both sides agree to set up a High-level Truth and Reconciliation Commission through mutual agreement in order to investigate truth about people seriously violating human rights and involved in crimes against humanity, and to create an environment of reconciliations inthe society. “

Data Source: https://perma.cc/RM6S-VENY

Full Citation: "Comprehensive Peace Accord Signed Between Nepal Government and the Community Party of Nepal (Maoist)". Signed November 22, 2006. https://peacemaker.un.org/sites/peacemaker.un.org/files/NP_061122_Comprehensive%20Peace%20Agreement%20between%20the%20Government%20and%20the%20CPN%20%28Maoist%29.pdf . Page 7.

<br> Source Excerpt: “8.4. Both parties express commitment to the fact that the interim Council of Ministers can constitute and determine the working procedures of the National Peace and Rehabilitation Commission, the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, the High-level State Restructuring Recommendation Commission… “

Data Source: https://perma.cc/RM6S-VENY

Full Citation: "Comprehensive Peace Accord Signed Between Nepal Government and the Community Party of Nepal (Maoist)". Signed November 22, 2006. https://peacemaker.un.org/sites/peacemaker.un.org/files/NP_061122_Comprehensive%20Peace%20Agreement%20between%20the%20Government%20and%20the%20CPN%20%28Maoist%29.pdf . Page 11.

<br> Source Excerpt: “4.1. As per the commitment expressed in the letter sent on behalf of the Nepal Government and the CPN (Maoist) to the United Nations on August 9, 2006, the Maoists' Army combatants to remain within the following temporary cantonments in the following places. The UN to verify and monitor them.”

Data Source: https://perma.cc/RM6S-VENY

Full Citation: "Comprehensive Peace Accord Signed Between Neap Government and the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist)". Signed November 22, 2006. https://peacemaker.un.org/sites/peacemaker.un.org/files/NP_061122_Comprehensive%20Peace%20Agreement%20between%20the%20Government%20and%20the%20CPN%20%28Maoist%29.pdf . Page 5.

<br> Data Source: https://perma.cc/X5YU-8HMK

Full Citation: Interim Constitution of Nepal. 2007. https://constitutionnet.org/sites/default/files/interim_constitution_of_nepal_2007_as_amended_by_first_second_and_third_amendments.pdf .

<br> Source Excerpt: “Preamble.

(…)

Therefore, it has become an inevitable need to implement the concept of full democracy through a forward - looking restructuring of the state to resolve the problems related to class, cast, gender, region and so on of all sectors including the political, economic, social and cultural, by bringing the autocratic monarchy to an end and establishing full democracy.”

Data Source: https://perma.cc/5T5U-W9X7

Full Citation: Government of Nepal Ministry of Peace and Reconstruction. 12-Point Understanding Reached Between the Seven Political Parties and Nepal Communist Party (Maoists). November, 2005. https://peacemaker.un.org/sites/peacemaker.un.org/files/NP_051122_12%20Point%20Understanding.pdf . Page 1.

<br> Source Excerpt: “64. Term of the Constituent Assembly

Unless otherwise dissolved earlier by a resolution passed by the Constituent Assembly, the term of the Constituent Assembly shall be two years from the date of its first meeting.

Provided that the term of the Constituent Assembly may be extended for up to six months by a resolution of the Constituent Assembly, in the event that the task of drafting the Constitution is not completed due to the proclamation of a State of Emergency in the country.”

Data Source: https://perma.cc/X5YU-8HMK

Full Citation: Interim Constitution of Nepal. 2007. https://constitutionnet.org/sites/default/files/interim_constitution_of_nepal_2007_as_amended_by_first_second_and_third_amendments.pdf . Page 27.

<br> Source Excerpt: “5. Proportional, inclusive group entry of Madheshi people and other communities into the Nepal Army shall be ensured to impart national character to Nepal Army and to make it more inclusive.”

Data Source: https://perma.cc/Y5T3-M3T6

Full Citation: "Agreement Between the GoN and Samyukta Loktantrik Madheshi Morcha". Signed February 28, 2008. https://www.peaceagreements.org/viewmasterdocument/1749 . Page 112.

<br> Source Excerpt: “To carry out the following tasks in accordance with the 12-point understanding, eight-point agreement, 25-point code of conduct, the five point letter sent to the United Nations and the decisions of the meeting of senior leaders held on November 8 taken in the past in order to hold the constituent assembly elections in a peaceful, fair and fear-less environment…”

Data Source: https://perma.cc/RM6S-VENY

Full Citation: "Comprehensive Peace Accord Signed Between Neap Government and the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist)". Signed November 22, 2006. https://peacemaker.un.org/sites/peacemaker.un.org/files/NP_061122_Comprehensive%20Peace%20Agreement%20between%20the%20Government%20and%20the%20CPN%20%28Maoist%29.pdf . Page 4.

<br> Data Source: https://perma.cc/Y5T3-M3T6

Full Citation: "Agreement Between the GoN and Samyukta Loktantrik Madheshi Morcha". Signed February 28, 2008. https://www.peaceagreements.org/viewmasterdocument/1749 .

<br> Source Excerpt:

“6. Making a self-assessment and a self-criticism of the past mistakes and weaknesses, the CPN (Maoists) has expressed its commitment for not allowing the mistakes and weaknesses to be committed in future.

1. Making a self-assessment towards the mistakes and weaknesses committed while staying in the Government and parliament in the past, the seven political parties have expressed their commitment for not repeating such mistakes and weaknesses now onwards.”

Data Source: https://perma.cc/5T5U-W9X7

Full Citation: Government of Nepal Ministry of Peace and Reconstruction. 12-Point Understanding Reached Between the Seven Political Parties and Nepal Communist Party (Maoists). November, 2005. https://peacemaker.un.org/sites/peacemaker.un.org/files/NP_051122_12%20Point%20Understanding.pdf . Page 3.

<br> Data Source: https://perma.cc/RM6S-VENY

Full Citation: "Comprehensive Peace Accord Signed Between Nepal Government and the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist)". Signed November 22, 2006. https://peacemaker.un.org/sites/peacemaker.un.org/files/NP_061122_Comprehensive%20Peace%20Agreement%20between%20the%20Government%20and%20the%20CPN%20%28Maoist%29.pdf .

<br> Source Excerpt: “3. Political - Economic - Social Transformation and Conflict Management

Both the parties are in agreement to adopt the following policies and programs for political-economic-social transformation and to creatively manage conflict existing in the country:

(...)

3.2. To form an interim legislature-parliament on the basis of interim constitution, and hold elections to the constituent assembly in a free and fair manner by the month of Jestha, 2064 BS and practically ensure sovereignty inherent in the Nepali people.”

Data Source: https://perma.cc/RM6S-VENY

Full Citation: "Comprehensive Peace Accord Signed Between Neap Government and the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist)". Signed November 22, 2006. https://peacemaker.un.org/sites/peacemaker.un.org/files/NP_061122_Comprehensive%20Peace%20Agreement%20between%20the%20Government%20and%20the%20CPN%20%28Maoist%29.pdf . Page 4.

<br> Source Excerpt: “4. Mixed Electoral System: The following mixed electoral system shall be adopted for election to the Members of the Constituent Assembly:

(a) First Past the Post Electoral System, and

(b) Proportional Electoral System where the Political Parties shall be voted.”

Data Source: https://perma.cc/7CE2-7GHQ

Full Citation: Constituent Assembly of Nepal. Election to the Members of the Constituent Assembly Act, 2064 (2007). Published June 22, 2007. https://www.lawcommission.gov.np/en/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/election-to-the-members-of-constituent-assembly-act-2064-2007.pdf . Page 3.

<br> Source Excerpt: “…in order to hold the constituent assembly elections in a peaceful, fair and fear-less environment and to carry out democratization and restructuring of the army.”

Data Source: https://perma.cc/RM6S-VENY

Full Citation: "Comprehensive Peace Accord Signed Between Neap Government and the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist)". Signed November 22, 2006. https://peacemaker.un.org/sites/peacemaker.un.org/files/NP_061122_Comprehensive%20Peace%20Agreement%20between%20the%20Government%20and%20the%20CPN%20%28Maoist%29.pdf . Page 4.

<br> Source Excerpt: “6. End of war

6.1 Giving permanent form to the ongoing ceasefire between the government and the Maoists on the basis of the historic agreement reached between the seven political parties and the CPN (Maoist) on November 8, 2006, we declare that the armed war going on since 1995 has ended.”

Data Source: https://perma.cc/RM6S-VENY

Full Citation: "Comprehensive Peace Accord Signed Between Nepal Government and the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist)". Signed November 22, 2006. https://peacemaker.un.org/sites/peacemaker.un.org/files/NP_061122_Comprehensive%20Peace%20Agreement%20between%20the%20Government%20and%20the%20CPN%20%28Maoist%29.pdf . Page 8.

<br> Source Excerpt: “8. The commitment has been made to fully respect the norms and values of the human rights and to move forward on the basis of them, and to respect the press freedom in the context of moving the peace process ahead.”

Data Source: https://perma.cc/5T5U-W9X7

Full Citation: Government of Nepal Ministry of Peace and Reconstruction. 12-Point Understanding Reached Between the Seven Political Parties and Nepal Communist Party (Maoists). November, 2005. https://peacemaker.un.org/sites/peacemaker.un.org/files/NP_051122_12%20Point%20Understanding.pdf . Page 3.

<br> Source Excerpt: “4. Making public its commitment, institutional in a clear manner, towards the democratic norms and values like the competitive multiparty system of governance, civil liberties, fundamental rights, human tights, principle of rule of law etc., the CPN (Maoists) has expressed its commitment to move forward its activities accordingly.”

Data Source: https://perma.cc/5T5U-W9X7

Full Citation: Government of Nepal Ministry of Peace and Reconstruction. 12-Point Understanding Reached Between the Seven Political Parties and Nepal Communist Party (Maoists). November, 2005. https://peacemaker.un.org/sites/peacemaker.un.org/files/NP_051122_12%20Point%20Understanding.pdf . Page 3.

<br> Source Excerpt: “3. The country, today, demands the establishment of a permanent peace along with a positive resolution of the armed conflict. We are, therefore, firmly committed to establish a permanent peace by bringing the existing armed conflict in the country to an end through a forward-looking political outlet of the establishment of the full democracy by ending the autocratic monarchy and holding an election of the constituent assembly that would come on the basis of aforesaid procedure. The CPN (Maoists) expresses its commitment to move forward in the new peaceful political stream through this process. In this very context, an understanding has been made to keep the Maoists armed force and the Royal Army under the United Nations or a reliable international supervision during the process of the election of constituent assembly after the end of the autocratic monarchy, to accomplish the election in a free and fair manner. and to accept the result of the election. We also expect for the involvement of a reliable international community even in the process of negotiation.”

Data Source: https://perma.cc/5T5U-W9X7

Full Citation: Government of Nepal Ministry of Peace and Reconstruction. 12-Point Understanding Reached Between the Seven Political Parties and Nepal Communist Party (Maoists). November, 2005. https://peacemaker.un.org/sites/peacemaker.un.org/files/NP_051122_12%20Point%20Understanding.pdf . Page 2.

<br> Source Excerpt: “Preamble

(…)

Expressing determination to carry out a progressive restructuring of the state to resolve existing class-based, ethnic, regional and gender problems,

(…)

Declaring the beginning of a new chapter of peaceful collaboration by ending the armed conflict being practiced in the country from 2052 BS based on the political understanding among the two parties in order to accomplish, through the constituent assembly, certainty of sovereignty of Nepali people, progressive political outlet, democratic restructuring of the state, and social-economic-cultural transformation,“

Data Source: https://perma.cc/RM6S-VENY

Full Citation: "Comprehensive Peace Accord Signed Between Nepal Government and the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist)". Signed November 22, 2006. https://peacemaker.un.org/sites/peacemaker.un.org/files/NP_061122_Comprehensive%20Peace%20Agreement%20between%20the%20Government%20and%20the%20CPN%20%28Maoist%29.pdf . Page 1.

<br> Data Source: https://perma.cc/X6RB-U638

Full Citation: Constituent Assembly of Nepal. Constituent Assembly Rules, 2065 (2008). Publication November 14, 2008. https://www.lawcommission.gov.np/en/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/constituent-assembly-rules-2065-2008.pdf .

<br> Source Excerpt: “1. The democracy, peace, prosperity, social advancement and an independent, sovereign Nepal is the principal wish of all Nepali people in the country today. We are fully agreed that the autocratic monarchy is the main hurdle for this. We have a clear opinion that the peace, progress and prosperity in the country is not possible until and full democracy is established by bringing the absolute monarchy to an end.”

Data Source: https://perma.cc/5T5U-W9X7

Full Citation: Government of Nepal Ministry of Peace and Reconstruction. 12-Point Understanding Reached Between the Seven Political Parties and Nepal Communist Party (Maoists). November, 2005. https://peacemaker.un.org/sites/peacemaker.un.org/files/NP_051122_12%20Point%20Understanding.pdf . Page 1.

<br> Source Excerpt: “2. The agitating Seven Political Parties are fully committed to the fact that the existing conflict in the country can be resolved and the sovereignty and the state powers can completely be established in people only by establishing full democracy by restoring the parliament through the force of agitation and forming an power full - party Government by its decision, negotiating with the Maoists, and on the basis of agreement, holding the election of constituent assembly.”

Data Source: https://perma.cc/5T5U-W9X7

Full Citation: Government of Nepal Ministry of Peace and Reconstruction. 12-Point Understanding Reached Between the Seven Political Parties and Nepal Communist Party (Maoists). November, 2005. https://peacemaker.un.org/sites/peacemaker.un.org/files/NP_051122_12%20Point%20Understanding.pdf . Page 2.

<br> Data Source: https://perma.cc/5T5U-W9X7

Full Citation: Government of Nepal Ministry of Peace and Reconstruction. 12-Point Understanding Reached Between the Seven Political Parties and Nepal Communist Party (Maoists). November, 2005. https://peacemaker.un.org/sites/peacemaker.un.org/files/NP_051122_12%20Point%20Understanding.pdf .

<br> Data Source: https://perma.cc/SD79-RAPV

Full Citation: Constitution of Nepal. 2015. https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Nepal_2015.pdf .

<br> Data Source: https://perma.cc/X5YU-8HMK

Full Citation: Interim Constitution of Nepal. 2007. https://constitutionnet.org/sites/default/files/interim_constitution_of_nepal_2007_as_amended_by_first_second_and_third_amendments.pdf .

<br> Source Excerpt: “Based on the elevated status of humankind and desirous of consolidating our cultural and civilizational affiliation to the Arab and Muslim nation, building on our national unity that is based on citizenship, fraternity, solidarity, and social justice, committed to strengthening Maghreb unity as a step towards achieving Arab unity, towards complementarity with the Muslim and African peoples, and towards cooperation with all the peoples of the world, desirous of supporting all victims of injustice, wherever they are, defending the peoples’ right to determine their own destiny, to supporting all just liberation movements, at the forefront of which is the movement for the liberation of Palestine, and opposing all forms of colonization and of racism.”

Data Source: https://perma.cc/X25P-UXP2

Full Citation: Constitution of Tunisia. 2014. https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Tunisia_2014.pdf . Page 3.

<br> Data Source: https://perma.cc/8C72-TY8Y

Full Citation: The Tunisian National Constituent Assembly. The Tunisian National Assembly Rules of Procedure. Presented December 16, 2011. https://constitutionnet.org/sites/default/files/constituent_assemblys_rules_of_procedure_-_english-final.pdf .

<br> Data Source: https://perma.cc/7XGW-L9DS

Full Citation: قانون تأسيسي عدد 6 لسنة 2011 المؤرخ في 16 ديسمبر 2011 يتعلق بالتنظيم المؤقت للسلط العمومية [Constitutive law n° 2011-6 Dated December 16, 2011 Relating to the Temporary Organization of Public Authorities.] Dated December 16, 2011. https://constitutionnet.org/sites/default/files/organisation_provisoire_des_pouvoirs_publics_tunisie.pdf .

<br> Data Source: https://perma.cc/R9C3-SXT7

Full Citation: National Assembly of Tunisia. الأحكام الختامية والانتقالية . الفصل 167 [Final and Transitional Provisions Chapter 167]. 2011. https://anc.majles.marsad.tn/lois/loi_electorale/article/167 .

<br> Source Excerpt: “Article 45 The state guarantees the right to a healthy and balanced environment and the right to participate in the protection of the climate. The state shall provide the necessary means to eradicate pollution of the environment.”

Data Source: https://perma.cc/X25P-UXP2

Full Citation: Constitution of Tunisia. Article 45. 1958. https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Tunisia_2014.pdf . Page 9.

<br> Source Excerpt: “Article 13 Natural resources belong to the people of Tunisia. The state exercises sovereignty over them in the name of the people. Investment contracts related to these resources shall be presented to the competent committee in the Assembly of the Representatives of the People. The agreements concluded shall be submitted to the Assembly for approval.”

Data Source: https://perma.cc/X25P-UXP2

Full Citation: Constitution of Tunisia. Article 13. 2014. https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Tunisia_2014.pdf . Page 5.

<br> Source Excerpt “Article 2: Tunisia is a civil state based on citizenship, the will of the people, and the supremacy of law.

This article might not be amended.”

Data Source: https://perma.cc/X25P-UXP2

Full Citation: Constitution of Tunisia. Article 2. 2014. https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Tunisia_2014.pdf . Page 4.

<br> Source Excerpt: “Article 13 Natural resources belong to the people of Tunisia. The state exercises sovereignty over them in the name of the people. Investment contracts related to these resources shall be presented to the competent committee in the Assembly of the Representatives of the People. The agreements concluded shall be submitted to the Assembly for approval.”

Data Source: https://perma.cc/X25P-UXP2

Full Citation: Constitution of Tunisia. Article 13. 1958. https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Tunisia_2014.pdf . Page 5.

<br> Source Excerpt: “Article 2: Tunisia is a civil state based on citizenship, the will of the people, and the supremacy of law.

This article might not be amended.”

Data Source: https://perma.cc/X25P-UXP2

Full Citation: Constitution of Tunisia. Article 2. 2014. https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Tunisia_2014.pdf . Page 4.

<br> Source Excerpt: “Article 129 The Commission for Sustainable Development and the Rights of Future Generations shall be consulted on draft laws related to economic, social and environmental issues, as well as development plans. The Commission may give its opinion on issues falling within its areas of responsibility. The Commission shall be composed of members with competence and integrity, who undertake their tasks for a single six-year term.”

Data Source: https://perma.cc/X25P-UXP2

Full Citation: Constitution of Tunisia. Article 129. 1958. https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Tunisia_2014.pdf . Page 30.

<br> Data Source: https://perma.cc/JX2W-Q73A

Full Citation: President of Tunisia. مر عدد 1086 لسنة 2011 مؤرخ في 3 أوت 2011 يتعلق بدعوة الناخبين النتخاب أعضاء المجلس الوطني التأسيسي. [Decree No. 1086 of 2011 dated August 3, 1866 relating to inviting voters to elect members of the National Constituent Assembly]. Announced August 3, 2011. https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/public.ldit.dcaf/lois/D%C3%A9cret%20n%C2%B0%202011-1086%20du%203%20Ao%C3%BBt%202011%20(Ar).pdf .

<br> Data Source: https://perma.cc/NU6M-Z8FU

Full Citation: National Constituent Assembly. Decree Law N 35 on Election of the National Constituent Assembly. Passed May 10, 2011. https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/TN/tunisia-decree-no.-35-dated-10-may-on-the-election .

<br> Data Source: https://perma.cc/88CV-8RLZ

Full Citation: بالوثيقة: نص إعلان الجمهورية التونسية بتاريخ 25 جويلية 1957 [The Text of the Declaration of the Tunisian Republic on July 25, 1957]. Dated July 25, 1957. https://www.jomhouria.com/art100345_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AB%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A9 .

<br> Source Excerpt: “Article 6 The state is the guardian of religion. It guarantees freedom of conscience and belief, the free exercise of religious practices and the neutrality of mosques and places of worship from all partisan instrumentalisation.

The state undertakes to disseminate the values of moderation and tolerance and the protection of the sacred, and the prohibition of all violations thereof. It undertakes equally to prohibit and fight against calls for Takfir and the incitement of violence and hatred.”

Data Source: https://perma.cc/X25P-UXP2

Full Citation: Constitution of Tunisia. Article 6. 2014. https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Tunisia_2014.pdf . Page 4.

<br> Data Source: https://perma.cc/X25P-UXP2

Full Citation: Constitution of Tunisia. 2014. https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Tunisia_2014.pdf .

<br> Data Source: https://perma.cc/R7P8-LWK7

Full Citation: The President of the Republic at Interim. Decree Law No. 2011-14 dated 23 March 2011, relating to the Provisional Organization of the Public Authorities. Dated March 23, 2011. https://wipolex.wipo.int/en/text/245403 .

<br> Source Excerpt: “Article 64: The President of the Republic shall be the guarantor of the independence of the judicial authority.He shall be assisted by the High Council of the Judiciary.

An institutional Act shall determine the regulations governing the members of the judiciary.Judges shall be irremovable.”

Data Source: https://perma.cc/YA4Y-JNN5

Full Citation: Constitution of Tunisia. Article 64. 1958. https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Tunisia_2014.pdf . Page 13.

<br> Source Excerpt: “Article 10 Paying taxes and contributing towards public expenditure are obligations, through a fair and equitable system. The state shall put in place the necessary mechanisms for the collection of taxes, and to combat tax evasion and fraud.

The state shall ensure the proper use of public funds and take the necessary measures to spend it according to the priorities of the national economy, and prevents corruption and all that can threaten national resources and sovereignty.”

Data Source: https://perma.cc/X25P-UXP2

Full Citation: Constitution of Tunisia. Article 10. 2014. https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Tunisia_2014.pdf . Page 5.

<br> Source Excerpt: “Article 1: Tunisia is a free, independent, sovereign state; its religion is Islam, its language Arabic, and its system is republican.

This article might not be amended.”

Data Source: https://perma.cc/X25P-UXP2

Full Citation: Constitution of Tunisia. Article 1. 2014. https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Tunisia_2014.pdf . Page 4.

<br> Source Excerpt: “Article 42 The right to culture is guaranteed. The freedom of creative expression is guaranteed. The state encourages cultural creativity and supports the strengthening of national culture, its diversity and renewal, in promoting the values of tolerance, rejection of violence, openness to different cultures and dialogue between civilizations. The state shall protect cultural heritage and guarantees it for future generations.”

Data Source: https://perma.cc/X25P-UXP2

Full Citation: Constitution of Tunisia. Article 42. 1958. https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Tunisia_2014.pdf . Page 9.

<br> Data Source: https://perma.cc/4GEL-FF5N

Full Citation: Constitution of Tunisia. 1861. https://www.justice.gov.tn/fileadmin/medias/ministere/musee/constitution_1861_ar.pdf .

<br> Source Excerpt: “Article 1: Tunisia is a free, independent, sovereign state; its religion is Islam, its language Arabic, and its system is republican.

This article might not be amended.”

Data Source: https://perma.cc/X25P-UXP2

Full Citation: Constitution of Tunisia. Article 1. 2014. https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Tunisia_2014.pdf . Page 4.

<br> Data Source: https://perma.cc/LDB2-82C5

Full Citation: Constitution of Tunisia. 1959. https://www.wipo.int/edocs/lexdocs/laws/en/tn/tn028en.pdf .

<br> Source Excerpt: “Article 56: In case of temporary disability, the President may, by decree, delegate his powers to the Prime Minister, to the exclusion of the power of dissolving the Chamber of Deputies.

During such temporary disability of the President of the Republic, the government shall remain in place until the end of that disability, even if it is subject to a motion of censure.

The President of the Republic shall inform the President of the Chamber of Deputies and the President of the Chamber of Advisors regarding such temporary delegation of his powers.”

Data Source: https://perma.cc/3VHR-N6P8

Full Citation: Constitution of Tunisia. Article 56. 1959. https://www.wipo.int/edocs/lexdocs/laws/en/tn/tn028en.pdf . Page 12.

<br> Source Excerpt: “Article 57: Should the office of President of the Republic become vacant because of death, resignation, or absolute disability, the Constitutional Council meets immediately and certifies the definitive vacancy by an absolute majority of its members. It addresses a declaration to that effect to the President of the Chamber of Advisors and to the President of the Chamber of Deputies who shall immediately be vested with the functions of interim president of the republic for a period ranging from 45 to 60 days. If the definitive vacancy coincides with the dissolution of the Chamber of Deputies, the President of the Chamber of Advisors is vested with the functions of interim president of the republic for the same period.

Data Source: https://perma.cc/3VHR-N6P8

Full Citation: Constitution of Tunisia. Article 57. 1959. https://www.wipo.int/edocs/lexdocs/laws/en/tn/tn028en.pdf . Page 12.

<br> Source Excerpt: “The Assembly shall elect the Ad Hoc Committee for Establishing the Assembly’s Rules of Procedure and the Ad Hoc Committee for the Interim Regulation of Public Authorities. Each committee shall be composed of 22 members. Seats shall be allocated based on the proportional representation of Assembly members, as follows:

• Each ten seats in the Assembly that a party, party/independent coalition, and/or mixed coalition has, will be allocated one seat.

• The remaining seats shall be distributed according to the largest remainder formula.

• The President of the Assembly shall put the composition resulting from this formula to the approval of the members present, by simple majority”

Data Source: https://perma.cc/8C72-TY8Y

Full Citation: The Tunisian National Constituent Assembly.The Tunisian National Assembly Rules of Procedure. Presented December 16, 2011. https://constitutionnet.org/sites/default/files/constituent_assemblys_rules_of_procedure_-_english-final.pdf . Page 8.

<br> Data Source: https://perma.cc/5JY9-PBPH

Full Citation: 18 October Coalition for Rights and Freedoms. وثائق هيئة 18 أكتوبر للحقوق والحرياتبتونس [Documents of the October 18 Commission for Rights and Freedoms in Tunisia]. December, 2011. https://nachaz.org/%D9%88%D8%AB%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%82-%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%A6%D8%A9-18-%D8%A3%D9%83%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%82%D9%88%D9%82-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%AA%D9%88/ .

<br> Source Excerpt: Para 5 reports that “The Commission has made a number of suggestions intended merely to provide assistance to the National Constituent Assembly. These suggestions in no way undermine the esteem held by the Commission for the outstanding work accomplished by the Tunisian National”

Data Source: https://perma.cc/728C-HK7N

Full Citation: European Commission for Democracy Through Law. Opinion on the Final Draft Constitution of the Republic of Tunisia. Published October 17, 2013. https://www.venice.coe.int/webforms/documents/default.aspx?pdffile=CDL-AD(2013)032-e . Page 4.

<br> Source Excerpt: “Article 10 Paying taxes and contributing towards public expenditure are obligations, through a fair and equitable system. The state shall put in place the necessary mechanisms for the collection of taxes, and to combat tax evasion and fraud. The state shall ensure the proper use of public funds and take the necessary measures to spend it according to the priorities of the national economy, and prevents corruption and all that can threaten national resources and sovereignty.”

Data Source: https://perma.cc/X25P-UXP2

Full Citation: Constitution of Tunisia. Article 10. 1958. https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Tunisia_2014.pdf . Page 5.

<br> Data Source: https://perma.cc/5JY9-PBPH

Full Citation: October 18 Coalition for Rights and Freedoms. وثائق هيئة 18 أكتوبر للحقوق والحريات بتونس [Documents of the 18 October Coalition for Rights and Freedoms]. https://nachaz.org/%D9%88%D8%AB%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%82-%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%A6%D8%A9-18-%D8%A3%D9%83%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%82%D9%88%D9%82-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%AA%D9%88/ .

<br> Data Source: https://perma.cc/8C72-TY8Y

Full Citation: The Tunisian National Constituent Assembly. The Tunisian National Assembly Rules of Procedure. Presented December 16, 2011. https://constitutionnet.org/sites/default/files/constituent_assemblys_rules_of_procedure_-_english-final.pdf .

<br> Source Excerpt: “Article 45 The state guarantees the right to a healthy and balanced environment and the right to participate in the protection of the climate. The state shall provide the necessary means to eradicate pollution of the environment.”

Data Source: https://perma.cc/X25P-UXP2

Full Citation: Constitution of Tunisia. Article 45. 1958. https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Tunisia_2014.pdf . Page 9.

<br> Source Excerpt: “Based on the elevated status of humankind and desirous of consolidating our cultural and civilizational affiliation to the Arab and Muslim nation, building on our national unity that is based on citizenship, fraternity, solidarity, and social justice, committed to strengthening Maghreb unity as a step towards achieving Arab unity, towards complementarity with the Muslim and African peoples, and towards cooperation with all the peoples of the world, desirous of supporting all victims of injustice, wherever they are, defending the peoples’ right to determine their own destiny, to supporting all just liberation movements, at the forefront of which is the movement for the liberation of Palestine, and opposing all forms of colonization and of racism.”

Data Source: https://perma.cc/X25P-UXP2

Full Citation: Constitution of Tunisia. 2014. https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Tunisia_2014.pdf . Page 3.

<br> Source Excerpt: “Article 13 Natural resources belong to the people of Tunisia. The state exercises sovereignty over them in the name of the people. Investment contracts related to these resources shall be presented to the competent committee in the Assembly of the Representatives of the People. The agreements concluded shall be submitted to the Assembly for approval.”

Data Source: https://perma.cc/X25P-UXP2

Full Citation: Constitution of Tunisia. Article 13. 2014. https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Tunisia_2014.pdf . Page 5.

<br> Data Source: https://perma.cc/7XGW-L9DS

Full Citation: قانون تأسيسي عدد 6 لسنة 2011 المؤرخ في 16 ديسمبر 2011 يتعلق بالتنظيم المؤقت للسلط العمومية [Constitutive law n° 2011-6 Dated December 16, 2011 Relating to the Temporary Organization of Public Authorities.] Dated December 16, 2011. https://constitutionnet.org/sites/default/files/organisation_provisoire_des_pouvoirs_publics_tunisie.pdf .

<br> Data Source: https://perma.cc/R9C3-SXT7

Full Citation: National Assembly of Tunisia. الأحكام الختامية والانتقالية . الفصل 167 [Final and Transitional Provisions Chapter 167]. 2011. https://anc.majles.marsad.tn/lois/loi_electorale/article/167 .

<br> Source Excerpt “Article 2: Tunisia is a civil state based on citizenship, the will of the people, and the supremacy of law.

This article might not be amended.”

Data Source: https://perma.cc/X25P-UXP2

Full Citation: Constitution of Tunisia. Article 2. 2014. https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Tunisia_2014.pdf . Page 4.

<br> Source Excerpt: “Article 2: Tunisia is a civil state based on citizenship, the will of the people, and the supremacy of law.

This article might not be amended.”

Data Source: https://perma.cc/X25P-UXP2

Full Citation: Constitution of Tunisia. Article 2. 2014. https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Tunisia_2014.pdf . Page 4.

<br> Source Excerpt: “Article 13 Natural resources belong to the people of Tunisia. The state exercises sovereignty over them in the name of the people. Investment contracts related to these resources shall be presented to the competent committee in the Assembly of the Representatives of the People. The agreements concluded shall be submitted to the Assembly for approval.”

Data Source: https://perma.cc/X25P-UXP2

Full Citation: Constitution of Tunisia. Article 13. 1958. https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Tunisia_2014.pdf . Page 5.

<br> Data Source: https://perma.cc/JX2W-Q73A

Full Citation: President of Tunisia. مر عدد 1086 لسنة 2011 مؤرخ في 3 أوت 2011 يتعلق بدعوة الناخبين النتخاب أعضاء المجلس الوطني التأسيسي. [Decree No. 1086 of 2011 dated August 3, 1866 relating to inviting voters to elect members of the National Constituent Assembly]. Announced August 3, 2011. https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/public.ldit.dcaf/lois/D%C3%A9cret%20n%C2%B0%202011-1086%20du%203%20Ao%C3%BBt%202011%20(Ar).pdf .

<br> Source Excerpt: “Article 129 The Commission for Sustainable Development and the Rights of Future Generations shall be consulted on draft laws related to economic, social and environmental issues, as well as development plans. The Commission may give its opinion on issues falling within its areas of responsibility. The Commission shall be composed of members with competence and integrity, who undertake their tasks for a single six-year term.”

Data Source: https://perma.cc/X25P-UXP2

Full Citation: Constitution of Tunisia. Article 129. 1958. https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Tunisia_2014.pdf . Page 30.

<br> Data Source: https://perma.cc/NU6M-Z8FU

Full Citation: National Constituent Assembly. Decree Law N 35 on Election of the National Constituent Assembly. Passed May 10, 2011. https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/TN/tunisia-decree-no.-35-dated-10-may-on-the-election .

<br> Source Excerpt: “Article 6 The state is the guardian of religion. It guarantees freedom of conscience and belief, the free exercise of religious practices and the neutrality of mosques and places of worship from all partisan instrumentalisation.

The state undertakes to disseminate the values of moderation and tolerance and the protection of the sacred, and the prohibition of all violations thereof. It undertakes equally to prohibit and fight against calls for Takfir and the incitement of violence and hatred.”

Data Source: https://perma.cc/X25P-UXP2

Full Citation: Constitution of Tunisia. Article 6. 2014. https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Tunisia_2014.pdf . Page 4.

<br> Data Source: https://perma.cc/X25P-UXP2

Full Citation: Constitution of Tunisia. 2014. https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Tunisia_2014.pdf .

<br> Source Excerpt: “Article 10 Paying taxes and contributing towards public expenditure are obligations, through a fair and equitable system. The state shall put in place the necessary mechanisms for the collection of taxes, and to combat tax evasion and fraud.

The state shall ensure the proper use of public funds and take the necessary measures to spend it according to the priorities of the national economy, and prevents corruption and all that can threaten national resources and sovereignty.”

Data Source: https://perma.cc/X25P-UXP2

Full Citation: Constitution of Tunisia. Article 10. 2014. https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Tunisia_2014.pdf . Page 5.

<br> Data Source: https://perma.cc/88CV-8RLZ

Full Citation: بالوثيقة: نص إعلان الجمهورية التونسية بتاريخ 25 جويلية 1957 [The Text of the Declaration of the Tunisian Republic on July 25, 1957]. Dated July 25, 1957. https://www.jomhouria.com/art100345_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AB%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A9 .

<br> Data Source: https://perma.cc/R7P8-LWK7

Full Citation: The President of the Republic at Interim. Decree Law No. 2011-14 dated 23 March 2011, relating to the Provisional Organization of the Public Authorities. Dated March 23, 2011. https://wipolex.wipo.int/en/text/245403 .

<br> Data Source: https://perma.cc/4GEL-FF5N

Full Citation: Constitution of Tunisia. 1861. https://www.justice.gov.tn/fileadmin/medias/ministere/musee/constitution_1861_ar.pdf .

<br> Source Excerpt: “Article 1: Tunisia is a free, independent, sovereign state; its religion is Islam, its language Arabic, and its system is republican.

This article might not be amended.”

Data Source: https://perma.cc/X25P-UXP2

Full Citation: Constitution of Tunisia. Article 1. 2014. https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Tunisia_2014.pdf . Page 4.

<br> Source Excerpt: “Article 64: The President of the Republic shall be the guarantor of the independence of the judicial authority.He shall be assisted by the High Council of the Judiciary.

An institutional Act shall determine the regulations governing the members of the judiciary.Judges shall be irremovable.”

Data Source: https://perma.cc/YA4Y-JNN5

Full Citation: Constitution of Tunisia. Article 64. 1958. https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Tunisia_2014.pdf . Page 13.

<br> Source Excerpt: “Article 42 The right to culture is guaranteed. The freedom of creative expression is guaranteed. The state encourages cultural creativity and supports the strengthening of national culture, its diversity and renewal, in promoting the values of tolerance, rejection of violence, openness to different cultures and dialogue between civilizations. The state shall protect cultural heritage and guarantees it for future generations.”

Data Source: https://perma.cc/X25P-UXP2

Full Citation: Constitution of Tunisia. Article 42. 1958. https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Tunisia_2014.pdf . Page 9.

<br> Source Excerpt: “The Assembly shall elect the Ad Hoc Committee for Establishing the Assembly’s Rules of Procedure and the Ad Hoc Committee for the Interim Regulation of Public Authorities. Each committee shall be composed of 22 members. Seats shall be allocated based on the proportional representation of Assembly members, as follows:

• Each ten seats in the Assembly that a party, party/independent coalition, and/or mixed coalition has, will be allocated one seat.

• The remaining seats shall be distributed according to the largest remainder formula.

• The President of the Assembly shall put the composition resulting from this formula to the approval of the members present, by simple majority”

Data Source: https://perma.cc/8C72-TY8Y

Full Citation: The Tunisian National Constituent Assembly.The Tunisian National Assembly Rules of Procedure. Presented December 16, 2011. https://constitutionnet.org/sites/default/files/constituent_assemblys_rules_of_procedure_-_english-final.pdf . Page 8.

<br> Source Excerpt: “Article 1: Tunisia is a free, independent, sovereign state; its religion is Islam, its language Arabic, and its system is republican.

This article might not be amended.”

Data Source: https://perma.cc/X25P-UXP2

Full Citation: Constitution of Tunisia. Article 1. 2014. https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Tunisia_2014.pdf . Page 4.

<br> Source Excerpt: “Article 56: In case of temporary disability, the President may, by decree, delegate his powers to the Prime Minister, to the exclusion of the power of dissolving the Chamber of Deputies.

During such temporary disability of the President of the Republic, the government shall remain in place until the end of that disability, even if it is subject to a motion of censure.

The President of the Republic shall inform the President of the Chamber of Deputies and the President of the Chamber of Advisors regarding such temporary delegation of his powers.”

Data Source: https://perma.cc/3VHR-N6P8

Full Citation: Constitution of Tunisia. Article 56. 1959. https://www.wipo.int/edocs/lexdocs/laws/en/tn/tn028en.pdf . Page 12.

<br> Source Excerpt: “Article 10 Paying taxes and contributing towards public expenditure are obligations, through a fair and equitable system. The state shall put in place the necessary mechanisms for the collection of taxes, and to combat tax evasion and fraud. The state shall ensure the proper use of public funds and take the necessary measures to spend it according to the priorities of the national economy, and prevents corruption and all that can threaten national resources and sovereignty.”

Data Source: https://perma.cc/X25P-UXP2

Full Citation: Constitution of Tunisia. Article 10. 1958. https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Tunisia_2014.pdf . Page 5.

<br> Source Excerpt: “Article 57: Should the office of President of the Republic become vacant because of death, resignation, or absolute disability, the Constitutional Council meets immediately and certifies the definitive vacancy by an absolute majority of its members. It addresses a declaration to that effect to the President of the Chamber of Advisors and to the President of the Chamber of Deputies who shall immediately be vested with the functions of interim president of the republic for a period ranging from 45 to 60 days. If the definitive vacancy coincides with the dissolution of the Chamber of Deputies, the President of the Chamber of Advisors is vested with the functions of interim president of the republic for the same period.

Data Source: https://perma.cc/3VHR-N6P8

Full Citation: Constitution of Tunisia. Article 57. 1959. https://www.wipo.int/edocs/lexdocs/laws/en/tn/tn028en.pdf . Page 12.

<br> Data Source: https://perma.cc/LDB2-82C5

Full Citation: Constitution of Tunisia. 1959. https://www.wipo.int/edocs/lexdocs/laws/en/tn/tn028en.pdf .

<br> Source Excerpt: Para 5 reports that “The Commission has made a number of suggestions intended merely to provide assistance to the National Constituent Assembly. These suggestions in no way undermine the esteem held by the Commission for the outstanding work accomplished by the Tunisian National”

Data Source: https://perma.cc/728C-HK7N

Full Citation: European Commission for Democracy Through Law. Opinion on the Final Draft Constitution of the Republic of Tunisia. Published October 17, 2013. https://www.venice.coe.int/webforms/documents/default.aspx?pdffile=CDL-AD(2013)032-e . Page 4.

<br> Data Source: https://perma.cc/5JY9-PBPH

Full Citation: 18 October Coalition for Rights and Freedoms. وثائق هيئة 18 أكتوبر للحقوق والحرياتبتونس [Documents of the October 18 Commission for Rights and Freedoms in Tunisia]. December, 2011. https://nachaz.org/%D9%88%D8%AB%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%82-%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%A6%D8%A9-18-%D8%A3%D9%83%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%82%D9%88%D9%82-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%AA%D9%88/ .

<br> Data Source: https://perma.cc/5JY9-PBPH

Full Citation: October 18 Coalition for Rights and Freedoms. وثائق هيئة 18 أكتوبر للحقوق والحريات بتونس [Documents of the 18 October Coalition for Rights and Freedoms]. https://nachaz.org/%D9%88%D8%AB%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%82-%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%A6%D8%A9-18-%D8%A3%D9%83%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%82%D9%88%D9%82-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%AA%D9%88/ .

<br> Data Source: https://perma.cc/5HUR-ZRQM

Full Citation: Parliament of South Africa. Constitution of the Republic of South Africa Act 200 of 1993. Published December 18, 1996. https://ucdpged.uu.se/peaceagreements/fulltext/SyA%2019931118.pdf .

<br> Source Excerpt: “WHEREAS it is desirable for the welfare and future progress of South Africa that the several British Colonies therein should be united under one Government in a legislative union under the Crown of Great Britain and Ireland: And whereas it is expedient to make provision for the union of the Colonies of the Cape of Good Hope, Natal, the Transvaal, and the Orange River Colony on terms and conditions to which they have agreed by resolution of their respective Parliaments, and to define the executive, legislative, and judicial powers to be exercised in the government of the Union[..]”

Data Source: https://perma.cc/L8WY-VEJS

Full Citation: Parliament of South Africa. The Union of South Africa: South Africa Act, 1909. Signed September 20, 1909. https://media.law.wisc.edu/s/c_8/jzhy2/cbsa1.pdf . Page 5.

<br> Data Source: https://perma.cc/D364-XET2

Full Citation: Xuma, Alfred. African's Claims in South Africa, 14 December 1943 by Alfred Xuma. December 14, 1943. https://www.sahistory.org.za/archive/africans-claims-south-africa-14-december-1943-alfred-xuma .

<br> Data Source: https://perma.cc/SC9P-MZ7Y

Full Citation: Seme, Pixley. 1906. "The Regeneration of Africa." April 5, 1906. https://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/regeneration_of_africa_by_Pixley_Seme.pdf .

<br> Source Excerpt: “Section 72

The National Council of Provinces must facilitate public involvement in the legislative and other processes of the Council and its committees; and conduct its business in an open manner, and hold its sittings, and those of its committees, in public, but reasonable measures may be taken-

i. to regulate public access, including access of the media, to the Council and its committees; and

ii. to provide for the searching of any person and, where appropriate, the refusal of entry to, or the removal of, any person.

1. The National Council of Provinces may not exclude the public, including the media, from a sitting of a committee unless it is reasonable and justifiable to do so in an open and democratic society.”

Data Source: https://perma.cc/569N-GWUG

Full Citation: Constitution of South Africa. 1996. Article 72. https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/South_Africa_2012.pdf?lang=en . Page 44.

<br> Data Source: https://perma.cc/W734-G92M

Full Citation: United Nations Security Council. Resolution 765 (1992). Published July 16, 1992. http://unscr.com/en/resolutions/doc/765 .

<br> Source Excerpt: “Section 1: The Republic of South Africa is one, sovereign, democratic state founded on the following values:

a. Human dignity, the achievement of equality and the advancement ofhuman rights and freedoms.

Data Source: https://perma.cc/569N-GWUG

Full Citation: Constitution of South Africa. 1996. Article 1. https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/South_Africa_2012.pdf?lang=en . Page 12.

<br> Source Excerpt: “Section 59:

“1. The National Assembly must

a. facilitate public involvement in the legislative and other processes of the Assembly and its committees; and

b. conduct its business in an open manner, and hold its sittings, and those of its committees, in public, but reasonable measures may be taken

i. to regulate public access, including access of the media, to the Assembly and its committees; and

ii. to provide for the searching of any person and, where appropriate, the refusal of entry to, or the removal of, any person.

1. The National Assembly may not exclude the public, including the media, from a sitting of a committee unless it is reasonable and justifiable to do so in an open and democratic society.”

Data Source: https://perma.cc/569N-GWUG

Full Citation: Constitution of South Africa. 1996. Article 59. https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/South_Africa_2012.pdf?lang=en . Page 39.