Later, the rights to "levy War, conclude Peace, contract Alliances, [and] establish Commerce" are granted to the national government by the U.S Constitution, and the power to do "all other Acts and Things" are granted to the state governments.

This issue seems to be similar to an issue with the Articles of Confederation. (Inefficient governments cannot make decisions quickly, and that indecisiveness leads to events like Shay's Rebellion.)

Providence, or the guiding power of God, is mentioned a few times in this text. The writers of the Declaration were religious people, and the philosophers who influenced the political principles of the Declaration, such as John Locke, were theists as well.

Douglass, in this paragraph, is saying that because the United States of America is such a young country, it is still developing and figuring out its identity as a country. Since the U.S. is so young, it could more easily adapt and alter how its citizens see slavery and equal rights (Douglass compares the U.S. to a river to make this point). Therefore, there is more hope that America can abolish slavery and work towards equal rights.

Article XI seems to be inviting Canada to become a part of the United States. Canada does not accept the invitation. This Article also says that other British colonies cannot be ceded to the United States unless at least nine states agree to admit said colony.

This clause is in the U.S Constitution (Article IV, Section 1). The privileges and immunities clause is also in both the Articles of Confederation and the U.S. Constitution.