A new wave of religious emotionalism allowed a religious order to emerge and that is the Cistercian order. It was founded in 1098 and they had a special form of government that influenced new orders to follow them. The Cistercian order was special because it was different from the feudal systems of the time due to it being “more fluid and less centralized”(Thompson 69). This means that the organization was less monarchical and decentralized.

Thompson, James Westfall. “The Cistercian Order and Colonization in Mediaeval Germany.” The American Journal of Theology, vol. 24, no. 1, 1920, pp. 67–93. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/3155939. Accessed 30 Mar. 2023.

Ennius was a writer in the Roman Republic and he is known as the father of Latin poets. He is named this because he is the first poet to choose the hexameter, the greek meter of epic. He has influenced many other poets such as Virgil, Cicero. Horace was a Roman poet born after Ennius and his work has influenced others such as Alexander Pope and Robert Frost. He is known for the phrase “Carpe Diem” which means to seize the day.

https://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/display/document/obo-9780195389661/obo-9780195389661-0172.xml

https://www.thecollector.com/horace-roman-poet/

Edgeworth, Robert J. “Ascanius’ Mother.” Hermes, vol. 129, no. 2, 2001, pp. 246–50. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/4477428. Accessed 30 Mar. 2023.

Silvius’s father is said to be Ascanius. Also, Ascanius’s mother is Lavinia and his father is Aeneas. The Aeneid written by Virgil is about Aeneas and how he became ancestors of the Romans through Romulus and Remus. According to Edgeworth, Silvius is not actually the son of Ascanius because “ Ascanius left no children and was succeeded by Silvius Aenas’s son by Lavinia”(247). Silvius also took on the name of Ascanius as he ruled. So, Silvius’s father is Aeneas and possibly brother of Ascanius.

Hunting was a sport in medieval times. Hunts were reserved to the people of the ruling class as opposed to the lower class. So, the land in which the lord is hunting is exclusively for him and he has full permission to hunt as he pleases. There are two types of hunting: At force and ‘Bow and stable’ hunt. The type of hunting presented in the story is “At Force' Hunting and these hunts were the most strenuous forms of Medieval hunting. The 'At Force' hunts were designed for fit, young and very active men.” The men are injured and hurt before they capture the animal. A boar moves fast, so active men is needed to perform the hunt mentioned in the story. The huntsmen cutting off the head and giving it to their lords signifies a conquest or win for the lord. So, this further asserts that hunts are a sport in medieval times. The article also mentions that the boar is the prey hunted in this type of hunt. Medieval Hunting History, https://m.medieval-life-and-times.info/medieval-life/medieval-hunting-history.htm.

The term Yukta denotes achieving a close bond with god. The text shows that to reach Yukta then one must rid the mind of mundane pleasures like lust. Banth and Talwar discusses the term Anasakti; they state that people “high on Anasakti has Brahma Vritti”(935). This means that the person focuses solely on Brahma and in this state the person is focused on attaining knowledge. The person’s mind avoids turmoil or avoids being tainted by environment. This can be compared to Yukta where the person is close to god and their minds must be in an untainted state to reach that level of closeness.

Banth, Sudha, and Charu Talwar. “Anasakti, the Hindu Ideal, and Its Relationship to Well-Being and Orientations to Happiness.” Journal of Religion and Health, vol. 51, no. 3, 2012, pp. 934–46. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/41653879. Accessed 31 Jan. 2023.

Arjuna has a flag of Hanuman, the monkey god, on his chariot because of a humbling lesson from the gods. Arjuna became “boastful of his archery skills” (Mukundananda), so he critiques why the monkeys build a bridge made of heavy stones. Shree Krishna tells him to build a bridge. Arjuna builds it out of arrows and Hanuman walks on the bridge; however, the bridge crumbles under Hanuman’s feet. Arjuna apologizes and he is given a humbling lesson by Hanuman. Hanuman also gifts Arjuna with his presence or an ensign-badge denoting Hanuman’s presence.

Work Cited: Mukundananda, Swami. “Chapter 1, Verse 20 – Bhagavad Gita, the Song of God – Swami Mukundananda.” Chapter 1, Verse 20 – Bhagavad Gita, The Song of God – Swami Mukundananda, Jagadguru Kripaluji Yog, USA, https://www.holy-bhagavad-gita.org/chapter/1/verse/20.