I ask them to deal fairly by their own interests, and laying aside all emulations and prejudices in favor of this or that opinion, to join in consultation for the common good; and being now freed and guarded by the securities and helps which I offer from the errors and impediments of the way,
did he got this idea about praticing science and finding the true rule of nature from Aristotle?
I most humbly and fervently pray to God the Father, God the Son, and God the Holy Ghost, that remembering the sorrows of mankind and the pilgrimage of this our life wherein we wear out days few and evi
shows the ideas and thoughts of people during this period of time are heavily influenced by religious
but I lead them to things themselves and the concordances of things, that they may see for themselves what they have, what they can dispute, what they can add and contribute to the common stock.
instead of arguing over the ideas, the author prefer to led people to think by themselves and get the answer from their own based on the facts and led they have.
as if invention were nothing more than an exercise of thought, to invoke their own spirits to give them oracles
critics those people make their judgmen just by the experiences or own thoughts without fact's support to t
. For the logic which is received, though it be very properly applied to civil business and to those arts which rest in discourse and opinion, is not nearly subtle enough to deal with nature;
the author didn't encourge people to just rely on the logic to get the conclusion toward the rule of nature
Men of this kind, therefore, amend some things, but advance little, and improve the condition of knowledge, but do not extend its range
the author seems looking forward to the big advance in the field instead of minor improvement or adujustment
299 still, and instead of being resolved by discussion is only fixed and fed; and all the tradition and succession of schools is still a succession of masters and scholars, not of inventors and those who bring to further perfection the things invented.
complaint that lack of innovation and future sight make the therology stay where it is instead of moving forward
Let it not be allowed at all for a monk to give or to receive letters, tokens, or gifts of any kind, either from parents or any other person, nor from each other, without the permission of the Abbot.
this rule kind of stop the bribery happened inside the monastery
let them rest in their beds in complete silence; or if, perhaps, anyone desires to read for himself, let him so read that he does not disturb others.
reading is an important part of monastery life
a little bread and wine before he begins to read, on account of Holy Communion
is bread and wine considered as some sort of holy food during this period of time ?
Let none of the brethren join his company or speak with him. Let him be alone at the work enjoined on him, persevering in penitential sorrow,
during this period of time, people understand that human is social animal which needs communicate with others to stay mental healthy. That's why they utilize it as a punishment toward people made mistakes
Therefore, let us consider how it becomes us to behave in the sight of God and His angels, and let us so stand to sing, that our mind may be in harmony with our voice.
showing that singing is part of religious believe and it can pleasure the god
The first degree of humility is obedience without delay
shows the importances of following order without hesitation, a little bit similar the command in the military
outside the monastery
the power of abbot toward his people is not only limited in the monastery, it reaches out to the outer world
Whenever weighty matters are to be transacted in the monastery, let the Abbot call together the whole community, and make known the matter which is to be considered.
are they having some sort of democracy inside the monastery?
When, therefore, anyone takes the name of Abbot he should govern his disciples by a twofold teaching; namely, he should show them all that is good and holy by his deeds more than by his words; explain the commandments of God to intelligent disciples by words, but show the divine precepts to the dull and simple by his works
action is much more effective than words
Therefore, the Abbot should never teach, prescribe, or command (which God forbid) anything contrary to the laws of the Lord; but his commands and teaching should be instilled like a leaven of divine justice into the minds of his disciples.
while enjoying the higest power in the monastery, Abbot also responsible for following the rules of god
After having killed the adulterer, the husband should at once dismiss his wife, and publicly declare within the next three days with what adulterer, and in what place he found his wife
while elminated the adulterer physicly, the act also denounce the name of the female engaged in adultery
In the second chapter of the lex Julia concerning adultery, either an adoptive or a natural father is permitted to kill with his own hands an adulterer caught in the act with his daughter in his own house or in that of his son-in-law, no matter what his rank may be
very strict act on the adultery
assessed heavier taxes on unmarried men and women without husbands, and by contrast offered awards for marriage and childbearing
compare to the idea from the last book, the marriage laws are very conservative and traditional
135 But there’s measure here as in most things: both the rustic’s stride,and the more affected step should be foregone.Still, let the parts of your lower shoulder and upper armon the left side, be naked, to be admired
why he know females so well?
don’t tell your friends about her or they might try to steal her;
Sounds like women during that period of time often genaged in an Affair
Most of all beware of starting a drunken squabble,and fists far too ready for a rough fight...
Never get drunk when you are having date dinner, that's dumbest thing in the world
131 let an expert hand trim your head and beard.And no long nails, and make sure they’re dirt-free:and no hairs (please) sprouting from your nostrils. No bad breath exhaled from unwholesome mouth:don’t offend the nose like a herdsman or his floc
making sure that you have a proper, or good outlook during the dinner time
Make promises: what harm can a promise do?Anyone can be rich in promises
the author shows no shame on not keeping promises, or he doesn't really care about it
They many times ask for gifts, they never give in return:you lose, and you’ll get no thanks for your loss
shows the type of woman you should not keep on pursuing
f her skirt is trailing too near the ground,lift it, and raise it carefully from the dusty earth:
showing that during Roman time, it is not hard to see the woman wear the skirt with long tail
And the law-courts (who’d believe it?) they suit love
really a surprsing place to seduce woman, but it shows the rich knowledge from the author in seducing woman
but with wine
why they bathe their child with wine instead of water?
Offspring was not reared at the will of the father, but was taken and carried by him to a place called Lesche,3 where the elders of the tribes officially examined the infant, and if it was well-built and sturdy, they ordered the father to rear it, and assigned it one of the nine thousand lots of land; but if it was ill-born and deformed, they sent it to the so-called Apothetae, a chasm-like place at the foot of Mount Taygetus,
the different treatmean toward strong and ill infants shows that Spartan are really focus on the training toward next generation, even started when they were borned.
You Spartan women are the only ones who rule their men," she answered: "Yes, we are the only ones that give birth to men."
The desire for having a strong, powerful offsprings in Sparta socieity led to the high social status for female.
sing when the young men were present as spectators.
shows that people in Sparta really hope female get the proper excises in order to have a strong child
And, believing that the highest function of a free woman was the bearing of children, in the first place he insisted on the training of the body as incumbent no less on the female than the male
This shows the unique part of Sparta. For a lot of country during this time, training for female are not a common situation. But in Sparta, originted from their idea of having a worrior child, they also required female to train themselves.
ever runand let an old soldier collapsewhose legs have lost their power
It shows the high respect to old man and old soldier in Spartan country. At the same time, this sentence gives us a glance about the old man's life in Sparta--Keep fighting for their homeland and their love one.
Those who, standing their ground and closing their ranks together,endure the onset at close quarters and fight in the front, they lose fewer men. They also protect the army behind them. Once they flinch, the spirit of the whole army falls apart.And no man could count over and tell all the number of evils,all that can come to a man, once he gives way to disgrace.
By praising the advantage of the worrior, who never run away on the battle field and fight until the end, the author condomn the soldiers who ran away and discriminate their cower behavior
But if he escapes the doom of death, the destroyer of bodies, and wins his battle, and bright renown for the work of his spear,all men give place to him like, the youth and the elders,and much joy comes his way before he goes down to the dead.
The winner of war will be followed by the praises, admire and followers. This text shows the highly respect for the worrier and war-winner in the Spartan society.
Here is a man who proves himself to be valiant in war.With a sudden rush he turns to flight the rugged battalionsof the enemy, and sustains the beating waves of assault.
this line shows the characteristic of a real man in Spartan's standard: a brave, skilled and fearless worrior and fighter