Grading Smarter Not Harder
getting it now
Grading Smarter Not Harder
getting it now
ELA
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You might also consider having your students track their progress
Could self-assessment/grading be worked into this? Survey the students at the beginning of the course about where they think they are on the various topics and, when they are confident in their abilities, put them to the test to see how accurate their self assessment really is.
The advantages of these grade descriptions are they are convenient, simple, and can be averaged easily.
It's a shame that the easiest ways aren't usually the nest ways. I like the idea of pass/fail checklists where the student has to show mastery of X number of items before they can move onto the next level.
The key takeaway here is not that every teacher should assume the same grading procedures
While not all teachers can/should use the same, I've thought a lot about how I want to consult with other teachers in my department about how they grade (and the materials they are teaching) so that the students are having a consistent experience.
in a standards-based grading mindset, the purpose of grading is to report where a student is in relation to a specific learning target
This is one area where I think the 0-4 scaled rubrics are handy. "2 - meets baseline understanding of standard but shows room for significant development in order to prove mastery" tells a lot more than, "C."
Select, identify, or group students;
How do we 'group' students without stigmatizing those on the lower end of mastery? Obviously, we don't announce "bad" grades to the class or anything so obviously harmful. Is there a risk of academic segregation when all of the 'gifted' students are hidden away from the rest of the student body? I suppose it depends on the subject being studied (e.g., you wouldn't put pre-algebra kids in an AP calculus class), but I think there are opportunities for students of varying levels of mastery to learn from one another.
Communicate information about student learning to parents;
This is an interesting point. I agree that part of the purpose of a grade is to keep the parents up to date about their child's progress. But, I wonder if we are doing enough to help parents understand that grades alone do not tell the whole story.
“Is your purpose as a teacher to select talent, or is it to develop talent?”
This is so important. Some of my most discouraging experiences in high school were based on the feeling that my teachers would rather spend their time with the students who naturally "got it" rather than take the time to help out those who didn't.
before you tackle the question of what a grade means in the first place will lead to trouble
Why > how
Students need to know if they are completing the assignment in a satisfactory manner, especially if they are inexperienced at working in cooperative groups.
Encourage not just right answers, but right efforts.
assuming personal responsibility/being involved in the group.
Tie participation to group grade? That is, if one student out of a five person group contributes nothing should the rest of the group only be able to get 80% on the project? If someone isn't contributing, it's on the rest of the group to either encourage them to do so or to consult their teacher about it.
Some of the roles that could be chosen or assigned include facilitator, recorder/reporter, checker (for understanding), summarizer, elaborator (on prior knowledge or discussion points), materials-runner, and wild card (does anything else that needs to be done). Sample role descriptions.
This helpful. I like the idea of letting students choose their role, but I also see the value of assigning them randomly so that student strengths in the various categories can be determined through assessment over the course of multiple projects.
Plan instructional materials to promote interdependence. The instructional methods and materials that an instructor chooses must allow each individual to contribute to the group’s success in a unique and meaningful way. Without these unique contributions, a group’s structure and cohesion will be put in jeopardy.
I'm wondering if there is some kind of assessment that can be done to determine individual skill sets for working in groups.
It is essential that a group’s seats face one another.
More and more I see that this arrangement is becoming a standard classroom layout.
This process results in a deeper understanding of the material and more potential to retain the material.
It also will result in a final product that is unique to each group and worth sharing with other groups/the whole class.
By combining teamwork and individual accountability, students work toward acquiring both knowledge and social skills.
This is so important. This is something that also requires reinforcement by teachers as we move about the room, not just assisting with the material discussed, but also facilitating student cooperation.
ssert that positive interdependence and individual accountability are critical components of cooperative learning
Having a clearly established policy that all students will contribute to their groups is so important here. Additionally, the lines of communication between teacher and student must remain open so that if a student does not feel that they are being heard inside their group (or if they are pulling their teammates weight alone), they can reach out for some help.
Engaging student
Engaging them both in the sense that they are becoming involved to the material taught, but also engaged in the sense that they are being involved and connected to the process of learning itself.
The holistic rubric is good for situations where you might want to give a single overall score to a student’s wor
What are some examples of this?
to Build Rubrics that Get Results.
Very useful! This is definitely going into my folder
providing students a copy of the rubric when you give them an assignment, you help students focus on assignment criteria that y
As a student, having the rubric available, knowing what is expected of me, and avoiding unnecessary guesswork is a huge help.
sense to complete the creation, adoption, or modification of a scoring rubric during the second stage of the Backward Design process
I'd say the rubric starts developing as the standards and objectives are being settled on. Even if I don't know exactly what will be in the rubric, I have some notion of what it will cover.
Classifications of Learning Objectives Show 102550100 entriesSearch: TypeKeywordsDescription Knowledge Know, list, identify, understand, explain “Knowledge targets represent the factual information, procedural knowledge, and conceptual understandings that underpin each discipline or content area…These targets form the foundation for each of the other types of learning targets.” Product Create, design, write, draw, make “Product targets describe learning in terms of artifacts where creation of a product is the focus of the learning target. With product targets, the specifications for quality of the product itself are the focus of teaching and assessment.” Reasoning Predict, infer, summarize, compare, analyze, classify “Reasoning targets specify thought processes students must learn to do well across a range of subjects.” Reasoning involves thinking and applying–using knowledge to solve a problem, make a decision, etc. These targets move students beyond mastering content knowledge to the application of knowledge.” Skill Demonstrate, pronounce, perform “Skill targets are those where a demonstration or a physical skill-based performance is at the heart of the learning. Most skill targets are found in subjects such as physical education, visual and performing arts, and foreign languages. Other content areas may have a few skill targets.”
saved this to my "teaching" folder. Having these sort of charts on hand so important when I'm working on lessons.
practice the specific skill
Practice is so crucial. This is why independent and one on one reading sessions mean so much more to a student's development as a reader and writer than group reads or just being read to.
Irrelevant: any practice or activity that does not align with the desired objective
This is the part that makes me glad that I chose the backward model of lesson planning. If I started with tasks/assignments first and figured out the association with the standards and objectives after the fact, I know for sure that I would wind up with parts that don't fit.
quiz, assignment, essay, test, or project, will provide you with evidence of student learning.
I recently saw a good example of this when my cooperating teacher, after an explanation of homophones, gave the kids a quiz thru kahoot. This was the first hour class and they, to their teacher's surprise, performed quite badly on it. This was a clear sign that the information provided to the students had not been sufficient to prepare them for testing. The lesson was adapted through out the day based on that initial assessment with far better results.
teachers should plan to integrate multiple forms of assessment and
This is where the distinction between assessment and grading is so important. Rather than simply grading a student's work (either on a A-F, pass/fail, or whatever scale) it is far more important to evaluate their progress compared to previous assignments. Beyond that, the assessment needs to be made of the class as a whole so that future iterations of the lesson can be adapted accordingly.
Moving away from the front of the room also helps prevent behavioral issues from building
I think there's something to be said for re-thinking how classrooms are laid out entirely. The entire concept of a font and back of the classroom assumes that everything important is happening only on one end. If there was a way to keep everyone equidistant from the teacher/presentation materials, that would be ideal. Not saying I know how to do that, just that it's something I've been thinking about.
her implementation of the strategy falls short.
Calling the student out/embarrassing is obviously the wrong move - but keeping my thoughts on track mid-interruption is a whole other thing.
do not count on using chalkboards or computers in other teachers’ rooms
your own laptop and a long HDMI cable (to connect to the smartboard or projector) will save you a lot of headache if you can't get onto someone else's computer/network.
small group interaction
I really want to encourage small group discussion and work... but am nervous about having kids so close together that they will easily talk/distract each other.
Leaving some space open leaves flexibility to respond to ideas and curriculum needs that emerge after the year is underway.
While I agree that open spaces make a room more inviting as well as more productive - it's also important to think about how not all teachers/schools/classes have the luxury of open spaces. Many classes are packed so tight that it's hard to just walk between desks.
Look for the key nouns in the standards. (Group related standards together to better see which nouns are key.) Consider the big ideas implied by these nouns. Identify the key knowledge and skill called for by the content standards or benchmarks. Infer the related ideas and understandings. Ask, what essential questions flow from or point to the standard? What important arguments and inquiries relate to the standard? Consider the key verbs; think of them as a blueprint for key performance assessments. List the activities that will enable performance and will develop the ability to understand the big ideas. (Wiggins & McTighe, 2005, p. 256)
these ideas feel like a good guide for designing a rubric
intentional
I think this is a key word in so much of what we do. With lessons/classroom tasks specifically, if what we give students isn't intentional it's just busy work.
architecture world, it is stated that form follows function
I've heard this analogized similarly before; to paraphrase, when you are writing, you have to function as either a gardener or an architect. That is, by the seat of your pants or with a detailed plan in place. Either approach can work I think, but with something like a lesson plan where attention to detail is so crucial the architect approach is more effective by far. My problem is that I am a natural 'gardener' who wants to let things just develop as I work.
The first step in the lesson design process is knowing where you want your students to end up.
I see designing the lesson plan as a means of brainstorming your way to the 'where you want your students to wind up.' once you get there, you can go back and refine the lesson to better fit that. It's like trying to draw a map; you'll have a much easier time of it if you know where things are supposed to be and what the destination is.
Backward Design
bookmarked!
important
More than important, I would say that lesson planning is one of the most essential parts of effective teaching. Just planning out how you will enter the room and greet the students can make a big difference.
Excess words
I've had experience with this. I've said things to students that I thought were pretty clear only to have them genuinely not understand what I was talking about. Simplify!
“Do X…” rather than negative terms “Do not do Y…”)
This is a hard one for me to remember when students are actively disrupting class - but I'm getting better
check out the Rolling Out Procedures template.
saved!
Treat others with courtesy and politeness.
I've had students accuse me of "disrespecting" them because I had the nerve to tell them to stop talking or stay in their assigned seat. I think it might be a good idea at the beginning of the year to have a conversation with the class about what respect is and how it goes both ways.
Make sure to bring the required materials to class and to activities
Something I have noticed in a lot of classrooms is that many, if not most, students arrive to class with no supplies whatsoever.
Consequence hierarchy
Consequences are essential to encouraging productive behavior in the classroom. If we can't provide the student with consequence to their actions we are powerless in situations in which they are unwilling to cooperate with established classroom procedure. The effective enforcement of consequence to non-productive behavior can only take place with the full support of school administration and parents.