Add after L4L Part Two: There is some discussion over who is depicted in the so-called "Aeneas Panel". Read this article: http://www.yorku.ca/pswarney/3110/rethinking%20the%20ara%20pacis.pdf

Discuss the different possibilities of the interpretations. What does Rehak think, and why is it significant for the depiction of leadership on this monument? What is your own interpretation?

Norman I will send you reduced size pdf of Pollitt

For an image, Vicky suggested the BM Porus medallion but I think it might not be clear enough for the students: http://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/collection_object_details/collection_image_gallery.aspx?assetId=14214001&objectId=1274498&partId=1

Maybe this one instead?http://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/collection_object_details/collection_image_gallery.aspx?assetId=654709001&objectId=5698&partId=1 or http://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/collection_object_details/collection_image_gallery.aspx?assetId=654846001&objectId=1267169&partId=1

Add to the "listening for leadership" exercise: Hellenistic monarchs were the first to mint obverse portraits of living personages - Alexander the Great, Ptolemy I, Demetrius Poliorcetes, Antiochus I. The first portrait of a Hellenistic queen is that of Arsione II. Some of the coins depict the monarchs with divine attributes: for instance, on the obverse of gold victory medallion pieces issued c. 326-323 BC at Babylon for Alexander’s victory over Poros at the Battle of Hydaspes in 326 BC, the bust of Alexander is depicted with an elephant’s scalp (for Dionysus) and a ram’s horns (for Zeus Ammon) protruding from the ear with the aegis of Zeus around the neck. Look through the examples given in Pollitt and identify the divine attributes given. What does that tell us about the ruler's PR campaign?

(Edits from Vicky). I would probably put this towards the end.

Also: Smith, R.R.R. (1988) Hellenistic Royal Portraits, Oxford. Dahmen, K. (2007) The Legend of Alexander the Great on Greek and Roman Coins, London. Kroll, J. (2007) ‘The emergence of ruler portraiture on early Hellenistic coins: the importance of being divine’, in Schultz, P. and von dem Hoff (eds.), Early Hellenistic Sculpture: Image, Style, and Content, Cambridge, 113-122. Mørkholm, O. (1991) Early Hellenistic Coinage: from the Accession of Alexander to the Peace of Apamea (336-186 B.C.), Cambridge.; Chapter IV in: From Warrior to Statesman in Art and Ideology: Octavian/Augustus and the Image of Alexander the Great in Pollini, J. --(2012) From Republic to Empire : Rhetoric, Religion, and Power in the Visual Culture of Rome, Oklahoma.