A recent example of disinformation online comes from the Ottawa Senators fanbase on X. In January, goaltender Linus Ullmark stepped away from the team, fans speculated about troubles in the locker room with teammates without verified sources. The Senators later put out a post clarifying the situation, demonstrating how misinformation can rise from uncertainty rather than deception.

In this case, the original burner account created false rumours about Ullmark, and without an official statement, created a reason for why he was gone. Ullmark eventually came out and said his leave was due to mental health, including panic attacks and anxiety issues, not issues with the team and other players.

With misinformation, my example is the X account NBACentel and Colin Cowherd. This account directly parodies NBACentral, a news account relied upon by many in the basketball community as a one-stop shop for rumours, trades and other NBA related news.

False news stories on their page that have caused harm to the NBA community, such as when they broke a fake story about Luka Doncic jerseys not being allowed in the Mavericks arena following his trade in February 2025. This fake headline was a topic of discussion on Colin Cowherd’s show which airs on FOX. Cowherd did not mean to mislead his audience, and his show was done in good faith.

With disinformation, my example is the X account NBACentel. This account directly parodies NBACentral, a news account relied upon by many in the basketball community as a one-stop shop for rumours, trades and other NBA related news.

This account has consistently posted fake stories or quotes that have stirred up drama. They post timely content meant for engagement that purposely misleads those who may stumble upon their posts.

False news stories on their page that have caused harm to the NBA community, such as when they broke a fake story about Luka Doncic jerseys not being allowed in the Mavericks arena following his trade in February 2025. This fake headline was a topic of discussion on Colin Cowherd’s show which airs on FOX. Another example is a fabricated Kim Kardashian comment where it looked like she was flirting with Luka Doncic following his trade to the Lakers.

With disinformation, my example is the X account NBACentel. This account directly parodies NBACentral, a news account relied upon by many in the basketball community as a one-stop shop for rumours, trades and other NBA related news.

Centel posts false news stories on their page that have caused harm to the NBA community, such as when they broke a fake story about Luka Doncic jerseys not being allowed in the Mavericks arena following his trade in February 2025. This fake headline was a topic of discussion on Colin Cowherd’s show which airs on FOX.

My example for malinformation revolves around one of the hottest topics in the sports world, gambling. While this industry is highly profitable for provinces in Canada, there is mal-information that comes with it, usually targeted at the athletes themselves.

This CBC article from 2023 details hate speech from fans directed at a player on the Toronto Raptors due to his performance. A fan sent the message “I chose the wrong slave today”, after Chris Boucher scored ten points when the fan needed five for their bet to cash. This fan used a real game result and intended to harass Boucher through hate speech in his direct messages.

This annotation is for the video. While the video itself has captions, there are no descriptions of what this video is prior to clicking into it, an example of bad web accessibility.

This embedded video offers captions, essential for viewers who may be hard of hearing, a good example of web accessibility.

Navigation menus should be usable using the keyboard alone to meet accessibility requirements.

This is an example of bad accessibility practice due to needing to hover over them with a mouse.

Colour contrast here is high and easy to read, helping those with low vision.

A good example of web accessibility here.

Here is an example of good practice for web accessbility.

Descriptive alternative text for an image that people who use a screen reader and may be visually impaired.

Navigation menus bshould be usable using keyboard alone to meet accessibility requirements.

This is an example of bad accessibility practice due to needing to hover over them with a mouse.

Colour contrast here is high and easy to read, helping those with low vision.

A good example of web accessibility here.

Having the "Watch" captioned at the top with a short description and a longer one post video can be redundant for screen readers, making it complex and not a good exmaple of web accessibility.

This embedded video offers captions, essential for viewers who may be hard of hearing, a good example of web accessibility.

Here is an example of good practice for web accessbility.

Descriptive alternative text for an image that people who use a screen reader and may be visually impaired.

This article uses a clear H1 for title and H2 for sub-sections, proper heading structure is important as thgis article jumps from one Canadian political news item to another, good accessibility.

The text here highlights the subject of the video, very descriptive and not vague, a good example of web accessibility.

This high contrast allows for readability, another good example of web accessibility.