single-stranded, thread-like, genetic material of RNA,

no vaccine for the Marburg virus (WHO).

there is no vaccine available for HCV

positive sense RNA

Serratia spp. (4.2%), and Enterobacter spp. (4.2%)

Virulence Factors Of Uropathogenic Proteus

Potential virulence factors of Proteus bacilli.

Mechanism Of Resistance

Mechanism Of Action

2008

SPI-1 is required for bacterial invasion into intestinal epithelial cells, while systemic infections and intracellular accumulation of Salmonella spp. are dependent on the function of SPI-2 (Valle

Resistance of Salmonella spp. to the lytic action of complement (part of the immune response) is directly related to the length of the O side chain (Jay et al. 2003).

Flagella

Fimbriae

Salmonella enterica is estimated to cause 1.2 million illnesses each year in the United States and to be the leading cause of hospitalizations and deaths from foodborne disease

Growth; blue to blue-green colonies with black centers

The death rate may be as high as 40–80%in untreated immuno-suppressed patients and can be reduced to 5–30% through appropriate case management and depending on the severity of the clinical signs and symptoms. Overall the death rate is usually within the range of 5–10%.

BUFFERED CHARCOAL YEAST EXTRACT (BCYE) AGAR

phagosomes will fuse with lysosomes and pathogenic microorganisms are killed, but in this case acidification of the phagosome does not take place, and its membrane does not get late endosomal markers, like rab7 and LAMP-1.

C5a peptidase

GGS

1 Human diseases

Principles and Practice of Pediatric Infectious Diseases E-Book

vancomycin creep

enterococci that became vancomycin resistant, mostly Enterococcus faecium

effective against most Gram-positive cocci and bacilli with

renal toxicity

s: acetoin production from glucose (positive Vogues-Proskauer reaction), arginine, and sorbitol. These are very useful for the differentiation of this group from oth

Epidemiology of resistance in children.

The ability to invade HUVEC was exhibited by selected strains of S. gordonii, S. sanguis, S. mutans, S. mitis, and S. oralis but only weakly by S. salivarius. Comparison of isogenic pairs of S. gordonii revealed a requirement for several surfa

S mutans and S sanguis (involved in dental caries), S mitis (associated with bacteremia, meningitis, periodontal disease and pneumonia), and “S milleri” (associated with suppurative infections in children and adults).

Symptoms include: tiredness weakness fever weight loss respiratory problems problems with heart function in cases where endocarditis occurs.

Numerous phages are known to carry determinants that increase virulence to the bacterial host. These factors have been predominantly secreted toxins, such as the streptococcal erythrogenic toxin, staphylococcal enterotoxin A, diphtheria toxin, and cholera toxin (10). Other phage-encoded virulence determinants include extracellular enzymes such as staphylokinase and streptococcal hyaluronidase, enzymes that alter the antigenic properties of the host strain, and outer membrane proteins that increases serum resistance (10). It is likely that Pb1A and Pb1B bind platelets directly, although the mechanism by which PblA and PblB mediate platelet binding by S. mitis has not been illustrated. Thus, the encoding of PblA and PblB by lysogenic SM1 may represent a class of phage-mediated virulence determinants (10).

three biochemical reactions:

inhaling dust or aerosols contaminated with F. tularensis bacteria.

rabbits, muskrats, prairie dogs and other rodents.

dog tick (Dermacentor variabilis), the wood tick (Dermacentor andersoni), and the lone star tick (Amblyomma americanum). Deer flies (Chrysops spp.)

enter the human body through the skin, eyes, mouth, or lungs