Although Mr Abe is known for economic stimulus, his term has involved two large rises in consumption tax, from 5 per cent to 8 per cent in 2014 and then to 10 per cent in October last year. In both cases, the tax increase drove the economy into recession.

Fourth, instead of punishing Aggregators for building products that consumers like to use, antitrust authorities should focus on third-party advertising markets, particularly the role played by Google.