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One of the facts that might come to light in this process is our tendency to insist, when we praise a poet, upon those aspects of his work in which he least resembles any one else. In these aspects or parts of his work we pretend to find what is individual, what is the peculiar essence of the man.

Synopsis:

argued that the design or intention of the author is neither available nor desirable as a standard for judging the success of a work of literary art, and it seems to us that this is a principle which goes deep into some differences in the history of critical attitudes.

Minds with such Graces as really deserve it. And instead of the Fustian Complements and Fulsome Flatteries of your Admirers, obtain for you the Plaudit of Good Men and Angels, and the approbation of Him who cannot err. In a word, render you the Glory and Blessing of the present Age, and the Admiration and Pattern of the next

Completing the Assignment

What are the most important passages? Why? How might you encourage other students to find these passages and think about them critically without literally just highlighting them and saying

exegesis

To make the geocentric and heliocentric antithesis the core of the metaphor is to disregard the English language, to prefer private evidence to public, external to internal.

We next present a case where preoccupation with evidence of type (3) has gone so far as to distort a critic's view of a poem

And a critic who is concerned with evidence of type (1) and moderately with that of type (3) will in the long run produce a different sort of comment from that of the critic who is concerned with (2) and with (3) where it shades into (2).

All this, however, would appear to belong to an art separate from criticism‑to a psychological discipline, a system of self‑development, a yoga, which the young poet perhaps does well to notice, but which is something different from the public art of evaluating poems.

that it is emotion recollected in tranquillity.

a romantic one

short lyric poem is dramatic, the response of a speaker (no matter how abstractly conceived) to a situation (no matter how universalized).

It is only because an artifact works that we infer the intention of an artificer.

If the poet succeeded in doing it, then the poem itself shows what he was trying to do. And if the poet did not succeed, then the poem is not adequate evidence, and the critic must go outside the poem‑for evidence of an intention that did not become effective in the poem

he intended

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Freedom Dreaming is an opportunity to visualize the future that we want to live in, and harness the necessary tools and resources to actively move that dream toward a reality. It begins with addressing inequalities within ours and others lives to build awareness and then taking steps to enact change.

Reflect on a prompt of your choosing or one you created. 

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We hope to inspire individuals to take action against these injustices by recognizing them to move towards a  more just and free society.

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As to the Parts, I have observed such a nice Impartiality to our two Ladies that it is impossible for either of them to take Offence

The reader can be assaulted by a menagerie of different signals and messages and receive a small taste of what is to come without even opening the novel, the cover serves an undeniably monumental purpose in aiding the novel.

how the letters are printed and the messages depicted in each.

The third cover representing The Castle of Otranto that appeared in 2001

which varies from cover

he second cover that’s being analyzed surfaced in 1996 with

this cover mirrored the common method of illustrating covers.

and by looking closely at the covers we can discover the themes the novel tackles such as gender roles and tragedy.

Each cover aids with visuals to impose an impression

It sort of reminds of the times when I would play my Nintendo advance late in the night. I eventually had to buy a portable light for it but it was still a hassle just keeping it straight.

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The room that I chose to conduct the reading by the candlelight experiment was in my living room.

I constantly kept on saying “if you were poor and had to read a newspaper article with only one candle Jessica , it would take you forever”.

Opposed to reading with the light on,I found this very difficult.

I’m not sure if there was a ghost in my room but the flame would shake at times which made it very hard for me to read

We even spoke in british accents to really get into it, it was funny.

While reading I assumed I was poor because I only had one candle. I associated being poor with being able to buy one candle and being in a room with people because the rich are often alone and can command solitary , also they use as many candles as they please because they have that luxury and simply just for a better reading experience.

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What and experience !!! I decided to purchase one candle opposed to a log candle which I was scared of using because I thought the wax would burn down to my hand assuming I had to hold it whilst reading

I am definitely going to try reading by candle light again sometime in the future.

I also found that the candles did not interfere with my reading instead they actually increased my concentration.

The 5 small candles i purchased for this experiment

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i

From which then I realized that people in the eighteenth century weren’t as privileged as we are today (of course) if, I was having a hard time reading because the melted wax fell on the paper I could’ve just printed out another page also we have better paper and ink quality so it wasn’t that hard to read through the melted wax part. However back in the day paper quality didn’t seem to good and the script writings was already very hard to read so melted wax on the writings was probably very hard to read.

Which I was very surprised with

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I choose to do this experiment in the living room because the night before when I was thinking about where to do the experimen

I kept fidgeting and could concentrate for long so I ended up only reading in total for about 35 mins but only about 20 mins of that was uninterrupted reading the rest was very distracting.

But it was also difficult to get the reading started because my parents were home too and my dad loves watching tv downstairs in the living room, so I had to bribe him to go watch tv in his room.

I decided to do my candle light reading in my dining room because I knew if I tried to do the reading in my room that I would get distracted and not get it done.

I think a problem could have been reading from very old sources and words not being in fine ink to be seen. 

This made me think of how people were not always able to afford many candles and had to read or write with just one there. It is difficult to do that with just one light because it is not very bright.

It reminded me of the smell after blowing out the candles on my birthday.

I chose my bedroom as the place to perform my reading. I like doing homework in my room and it is also very quiet.

This also brings me to the idea of light not only coming from candles,  but from fire. For example, if I am of royalty I would have a fire place in my bedroom.

So I began reading , and it was a bit difficult. Since my candle is large with 3 wicks, I could manage but not for long. At some positions, being very careful I would put the candle on my bed and read. I used both my hands while I was reading . Flipping pages were not that easy as well because then I would have to turn and not seeing enough with the light would make me lose my place in reading.

By the brand you could tell that today, that is royal.

This temperature factor added to the ambiance because it made me feel like a time when there was no electrical heat, just heat by fire.

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I have read by candle light before. However, I have not read for entertainment by candlelight. Most of the time, I use candlelight for the scent and for when I am studying for an exam or having to write.

I’ve never had to sit down and read from a paper with candles so I never thought that something as simple as the flickering from the candle light would affect my reading and over all experience so much. It makes me wonder, did people from the 18th century also have this problem or experience the way I felt while reading and having the candle lights flicker?

The candles are bright enough that I can see every thing clearly on the paper as if I had the electric lights on.

I started by setting 3 new, unscented, tall white candles up, two in a tall glass holder and one in a small glass candle holder. I sat them on a wooden dinning room table, with my paper in the middle of the candles, one candle is to the left of my paper, second one to the right of my paper, and the third directly in the front of my paper. In the basement where I’m sitting there is two sofas and a T.V. to the left of me,

To perform my reading experiment, I figured the best place to do this was my basement, where there was one little window that I could easily cover up.

The paper quality impacted my ability to see and read the words because at times the words were a bit blurry so it slowed me down in my reading. While reading, the candle did not emit any smoke just when I turned it off.

The position of my body most of the time was in an arch position. It changed only most of the times because my back started to hurt and I just sat back up.

The room in which, I performed this reading experiment is big.

When this experiment interconnected with my senses, it made me think about things in a different way.

I imagined how difficult it would be for me, if I were to be in the 1700s with multiple assignments to complete. Candles and quills would be the only useful physical things to complete them with. The thought of dim lights from the candles being combined with the struggles of using a quill would result in agony

The paper was on the desk and my hands were on either side of it. This action was interconnected with my sense of touch/feeling. Since my hands were on either side of the paper, the warmth from the rose shaped candles were felt. On the whole, being surrounded by candles at a close range gave off heat which was felt.

My glasses were worn

a study room was selected

A darkened room illuminated by the rays of candlelight provided a few of the sensory cortices with experiences that had no reasons of being explored, until an educational experiment had surfaced.

8th century candlelight reading seems like much more of a compromise of one’s own body. Whereas today, we find that flipping a light switch on or increasing the font size on our screens are our choices of compromises when reading.

This made a difference; I could now keep the page on my desk and didn’t have to hold any candles with either hand. This method also made it easier to take notes/highlight if I needed to.

I guess not many people were reading in bed in the 18th century.

I decided that for comparative approaches I wouldn’t try to do this in an unfamiliar reading space.

My reading location…way too bright at 6:30!

For this experiment, the first thing I did was google some images to better get an idea of 18th century candlelight reading.

Overall, just like making the quill, I learned something new and enjoyed the idea of reading with the help of a candlelight. 

Throughout the time I was reading, my body positioning went from sitting up straight to leaning on the table with my face in my right palm.

 In my experience, it was so clear that it was as if I was sitting next to a plug-in nightlight at the same time I noticed how dim a candlelight can really be and how grateful I should be for electricity and a light bulb

lower class used a single candle at the time due to how much a candle might have cost

To perform my reading experiment

At the end I would say same experience for someone who have proper reading place with good amount of candles would have been different

t times the words seemed to morph into other words, ‘if’ would turn into ‘it’ and ‘as’ would turn into ‘an’. It felt like the pages were conspiring with the light, and both of them, against me.

It was one of the most uncomfortable reading experiences I’ve had and reminded me of Pakistan. In Pakistan whenever the electricity would go out and the power generators would die, there were time I had to work under battery lamps, and candles.

My room consists of two beds: one for me and another, smaller one for my daughter.

I connect this to be an issue where we find more people wearing glasses today then is noted of the time where candle light reading was more common

I found myself loosing place within my reading, skipping a line while trying to continue from the last, increasing more frustration made the reading challenging. Once completing my reading, a quickened second reading was necessary in order to notice anything I had missed

At the start of my reading I struggled to make a decision to carry on the reading with or without my glasses on.

That being said one candle was a little difficult to read with. On my initial lighting of the candle I thought that this was going to be easy. I feel like it would have been easier if it was easier text that Ontranto.

For the Candle Reading assignment, I chose to do it in my bathroom as it was free of windows and any natural light. 

A Gaming–House

I wish I may be burnt

commit the Folly

bubbled.

distracted

the Perquisite is the most prevailing —— Your Father’s Perquisites for the Escape of Prisoners must amount to a considerable Sum in the Year.

like great Statesmen

Garnish

Constables.

I have sent at least two or three Dozen of them in my time to the Plantations

JENNY.

Mercers

A dance a la ronde in the French manner; near the end of it this Song and Chorus

lay on Paint.

Drury–Lane would be uninhabited.

Ball I hold

A Lawyer is an honest Employment, so is mine

Of try’d Courage, and indefatigable Industry! NED. Who is there here that would not die for his Friend? HARRY. Who is there here that would betray him for his Interest? MATT. Show me a Gang of Courtiers that can say as much.

Conversation

at the Tree!

Those cursed Play–Books she reads have been her Ruin.

Of a Jointure

An old Woman clothed in Gray, &c

squeezing out an Answer from you

are you ruin’d or no

Slut

soon be thrown upon the Common

Ordinary’s Paper

Hockley in the Hole, and to Mary-bone, Child, to learn Valour

Bar of a Temple Coffee–House

Mary-bone and the Chocolate-houses

Rogue

Ballad

At the time and circumstance it seems that, this technology was like an iPad for them. It helped them create classics (although some are boring).

Let us not forget that this also impacted animals

Quills could have even created jobs for those in high places who wanted people to take notes or dictation

I am also curious as to what type of feather I was using.

When I was younger I made Chinese fans out of paper.

The first time I saw a Quill was in the Rufus King Manor near our school (York College).

Basically, the use of pens enabled me to concentrate on getting my ideas out of my head without being worrisome. As opposed to pens, quills are like a nightmare to me because I end up being more focused on using it correctly than thinking about what to write, so it had a negative impact on me in terms of producing and processing information.

In my opinion, quills made authors more cautious when writing due to the fear of having to start over with each mistake. This actually happened to me when I used the quill. I lost count of how many pages I used, since I couldn’t get to write properly or neatly with it

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I tried to record the process of writing with a quill, the results were disastrous

As for the ink, I dismantled a gel ink pen and cut it in half in order to pour the contents into a small container.

Also, it made me imagine what it would be like if I dwelled in the 1600s and 1700s

. This is the first time that a college course required me to make something then deeply reflect on it

I would think the quill would have been an easy tool for them to make so it was accessible to anyone and everyone, which is also great! This probably gave a lot of different people from different backgrounds with different ideas and stories the opportunity to write texts, which lead to great stories.

texts were very determined

how did they come up with the idea to use the tips of a feather to write with, who put the ingredients together to make ink and decided to dip the tips of the feather into it and write with it, and did the people actually like writing with quill?

ancient texts

if we make a mistake while physically writing, we erase or use whiteout and keep going

I remember always being told that I need to press down on my pencil harder because people had a hard time reading my handwriting.

I would have continued writing with my quill to practice my handwriting.

My mom quickly put an end to that so that was as far as I got with that project

“Okay. But why?” It was an unexpected task to say the least.

Ink is messy so it’s not hard to comprehend the possibility of messing up an important document and losing a groundbreaking idea

back then

There was some nostalgia present as well as if I had done this before even though I certainly have not.

Something as simple as soaking the feather in order to make it softer for them to handle was normal for them.

fancy

making a mistake in the writing and them having to start over.

was a beautiful style of writing

It has been a long time since I was assigned to do an actual project where I was required to do more than just write

However, when it comes to me writing with a regular pen, sometimes it’s pretty much chicken scratch if I am taking very quick notes and then there are times where if I am actually taking my time then I would write pretty neatly and legibly.

It was definitely very easy to write the first word but then I think that’s where I psyched myself out and it got harder to write after that.

I actually used a gel pen to get a lot of ink out, because I originally tried a regular black ink pen and it was quite difficult to get the ink out of the tube but with the gel pen the ink just ran right out of the tube.

I am very heavy handed so I think that the problem was that feather kept bending or flattening when I tried to write with it, because I think that I was putting a little too much pressure on the tip of the feather by pressing to hard.

Now thinking about it maybe that is why the writing back then are a bit more creative because they took their time in writing their ideas.

The had to be ready on what they were going to write about and how to use the quill because if they didn’t they had to constantly pause and doing that was not good because then you would loose your train of thoughts.

around the 1800s

Also if you have done a mistake you would have to start all over again and use another paper.

It would be like childish projects but I believe it still counts because I made them with certain materials just like making this quill.

Stopping too often for that might cause distraction in their ideas/thoughts.

during 1800s

I also wrote my name ‘Aisha’ in my native language Urdu because it reminds me of my very first experience with a ‘Wooden Kalam’ or a ‘reed pen’.

scratched the feather

In my country Pakistan, we had “wooden Kalam” that were replaced by fountain pens later. Wooden kalam was hollow wooden sticks with a cut nib that we dip in ink too often to continue writing on a wooden board called “takhti”

I say this because looking at it now their handwriting when using a quill looks neat and extremely fancy while mine on the other hand looked completely sloppy