The US public healthcommunity should seize the ex-traordinary opportunity theagreement presents both to de-velop comprehensive climatechange adaptation strategies andto embed the population healthperspective permanently into thematrix of institutions that willlead the domestic and global re-sponse to the impacts of climatechange
Solution by the public health community.
The US public health com-munity has responsibilities be-yond our national borders andthe Paris Agreement calls ondeveloped countries to supportless-developed countries’ com-pliance with the agreement.
A solution from the agreement.
In concept, the US publichealth community can contrib-ute to climate change adaptationin at least three general ways: bystrengthening public health sys-tems’ capacity to conduct sur-veillance and to formulate andimplement effective health ad-aptation interventions, by de-veloping and implementinga probably broad array of in-terventions, and by advocatingfor adoption of public- andprivate-sector policies supportingadaptation
Contribution by the US health community to contribute to climate change.
with a view to contributing tosustainable development andensuring an adequate adaptationresponse in the context of thetemperature goal referred to
A very important point to mention. It's a solution for climate abnormality.
Toward a National Climate ChangeHealth Coalition
This article is entirely about the Paris Agreement signed on December 12, 2015, with the USA and 194 other countries to strengthen the threat to climatic conditions.
Parties should, when taking actionto address climate change, respect,promote and consider theirrespective obligations on humanrights, the right to health, the rightsof indigenous peoples, localcommunities, migrants, children,persons with disabilities and peoplein vulnerable situations and the rightto development, as well as genderequality, empowerment of womenand intergenerational equity
Action regarding climate change should be taken concerning the right to health and other human rights.
The Paris Agreement is bring-ing new attention to the threatsclimate change poses, includingthreats to human health, and isgiving new propulsion to gov-ernments and the civic sector in theUnited States and globally to ad-dress them.
Important point to mention in the essay. It is bringing threats to human health.
Theagreement will take effectonce at least 55 Parties whoaccount for at least 55% oftotal greenhouse gas emissionsratify it.
This agreement is between the USA and 194 other countries in an attempt to limit global warming and its harmful affects.
The current 2015/2016 EN event was expected to be as strong as the EN ofthe century in 1997/98, with extreme heat and drought over most of Amazonian rainforests.
I agree and if we don't control it now it's just gonna get worse. It is also the main influence of climate change in the Tropical and Amazon regions.
Self-calibrating Palmer Drought Severity Index.
Studying daily weather forecasts can do wonders.
Precipitation.
The most important solution. Rain can make the situation much better.
Under continued global warmingand a projected increase in the frequency of ENSO events29 more frequent record-breaking climate extremes areexpected to occur in Amazonia during the coming decades.
We should be careful about this as much worse is expected to occur during the coming decades. This can be a cause of worry for everyone.
Tree mortality and biomass growth decline were observed after the 2005 and 2010 droughts, with impli-cations also for the persistence of the Amazon forest as a carbon sink 8–10 . These impacts may be attributed notonly to water deficits 8 but also to heat stress9 , with anomalously high air temperatures playing a role as importantas precipitation deficits 25,26 . Fires in forested areas have been suggested to be the major agent of forest transitionunder an increased drought frequency scenario27. It is also believed that hot and dry conditions during EN yearsturn the Amazon ecosystem into a net carbon source 28
Many things were observed after studying and analyzing past natural calamities or temperatures.
The spatial distribution of drought in 2015/2016 departed from the typical pattern seen in previous majorEN events when drought was less severe but more widespread over Amazonia (Fig. 2b). This time, there was
Important graph and information regarding the 2015/2016 drought.
Analysis of spatial patterns shows that the reduced EN signal in JAS 1982 can be explained in part by thedelayed eastern Pacific warming (Supplementary Figs S7a,c–S8a).
This explains how one thing led to another and studying past droughts can help us understand how to tackle things properly in the future.
Evolution of surface temperature anomalies.
This result contains important statistics about the abnormal temperature in different years.
Details on the climate and remote sensing datasets, as well as processing methods, are providedin the Methods section. Additional results and intercomparison between products are also included in theSupplementary Material.
Very important.
Climate data.
It's a good way to start as reanalyzing the data can help us determine the root cause and what the actual problem is.
riverinepopulations7
The riverine people are a traditional non-indigenous Amazonian population that was displaced by the construction of the Belo Monte dam.
anomalies
Meaning- Something different, abnormal.
Together with warming, the last decade has experienced two major droughts in a very short period3–6,raising concerns about the resilience of tropical forests to extreme droughts and impacts of global warming overthis biome.
This is a concerning thing as experiencing two droughts in such a short period is an alarm from nature to take up measures that are useful for the climate.
“We have to reduce emissions,” she said. Otherwise the forest “will not surviveclimate change.”
The necessity of cutting emissions to save forests is emphasized in this statement. The writer gives a warning: the trees won't be able to resist the resulting climatic changes if we don't reduce the dangerous chemicals linked to climate change. This suggests that our ability to reduce emissions will determine whether our forest survives.
pristine
Important
shrunk
Reduced
Scientists said that governments can mitigate the impact of future droughts bydecreasing levels of deforestation, restoring forests and helping communitiesadapt.
Steps the government can take to reduce the impact of future droughts.
drought from June to November last year,
The article covers the information about the drought from June to November.
The drought cut off thousands of people living inremote communities who can only travel by boat. And it fueled wildfires that madethe air some of the most hazardous in the world.
The severity of the drought is creating a chain reaction of issues. People who depend on boats to get around in distant locations are now cut off, and there may be shortages of basic supplies. In addition, the dry weather is stoking wildfires, releasing dangerous toxins into the atmosphere, and producing some of the world's worst air quality.
Countries in the region are highly dependent on riverflows to generate electricity, and some had to turn to diesel-powered plants to meetdemand.
This paragraph tells how the shutting down of a hydropower plant in Brazil affected immensely in Ecuador and Venezuela.
“We’re now in the highest classification, so we don’t have anymore to assign.”
This quote by Ben Clarke refers to the ranking system for droughts and tells that the current drought is so bad, it's reached the highest possible category. They have no worse classification to assign.
A severe drought would have still occurred if humans hadn’t so profoundlychanged the climate. But the burning of fossil fuels gave it the ranking of“exceptional,” the highest category in the U.S
This paragraph tells us that droughts would happen anyway, but climate change made this drought much worse. Burning fossil fuels pushed it from a regular drought to the most severe one.
Amazon
Amazon Rainforest is a tropical rainforest covering the area of northern South America and plays a critical role in climate change.
drought
A drought is a time when an area or region experiences below-normal precipitation.
By Manuela Andreoni
Manuela Andreoni is a climate and environmental reporter at The New York Times and a writer for the Climate Forward newsletter.
This is not to say that the size of the impact willbe small. It’s to say that imagining a climate future dominated by sudden rupturesand overwhelming catastrophes is perhaps to risk preparing for the wrong future— and remaining oblivious, in the meantime, to the death and suffering of thepresent.
The paragraph focuses on a disturbing reality regarding climate change: deaths associated with it are happening now, however, they frequently go unnoticed. Although the link between these deaths and climate change isn't always obvious, factors like heatstroke during intense heat waves are a major factor. Although we should not rule out the possibility of natural disasters, concentrating just on them risks distracting our attention from the very real human impact of climate change that is now being felt.
Butthe science of climate mortality today suggests a different experience, of evenlarge-scale climate mortality softening into a grim sort of background noise, neverquite deafening, no matter how loud it gets.
Scientists expected massive deaths from climate change, but it seems these deaths are happening gradually. Even though the numbers might be significant, they don't cause the same kind of immediate shock as a single, large-scale disaster.
“discontinuities” or “nonlinearities.”
Meaning- Undefined, Uncertain, Non- existent.
apocalyptic visions
Meaning- Relating to the destruction of something, especially of the world.
astray
It's an adverb that means off track.
morethan two million in India and about 200,000 annually in Pakistan, Bangladesh andthe United States each.
This paragraph contains important statistics.
burning the additional fossil fuel necessary to bring the planet from 1.5degrees of warming up to two degrees would produce air pollution that wouldprematurely kill an estimated 153 million people.
Burning fossil fuels to reach 2 degrees of warming instead of 1.5 degrees would cause so much air pollution that, it could lead to an estimated 153 million additional early deaths. This means keeping warming to 1.5 degrees could save millions of lives.
This is just from heat, remember, and as Shindell pointsout, there are plenty of known climate impacts that are so hard to model that theyare often simply not modeled.
This paragraph mentions how heat exposure is increasing deaths majorly in India and China.
calculate that warming had alreadykilled four million people globally since 2000 just from malnutrition, floods,diarrhea, malaria and cardiovascular disease.
important stats.
climate change ismost likely to cause 250,000 deaths annually from 2030 to 2050
Important statistics.
W.H.O.
World Health Organization.
“Vanishingly few of these deaths will have beenrecognized by the victims’ families, or acknowledged by national governments, asthe consequence of climate change,”
This tells us that climate change is causing deaths that go unnoticed. Families might not realize it and governments might not officially acknowledge it but the true death toll from climate change is likely much higher than we know.
shrouded
It's a verb that means to cover.
“Getting the science right will strengthen rather thanweaken the case for climate activism, both in the public mind and in court.”
I think Mark Lynas is saying that climate change is like a big court case. To get people to take action, activists need strong evidence. Good science is that evidence. It convinces people the problem is real and makes them more likely to pay attention to the demand for change.
“mainly richer humanswill be responsible for killing roughly one billion mainly poorer humans.”
I believe Roger Hallam is trying to say that wealthy nations pollute more, harming the environment. Whereas, poorer nations bear the brunt of it since they have fewer resources to address the issues despite not having caused the damage.
idiosyncratic
A strange or unusual habit.
David Wallace-Wells
David Wallace-Wells was born in 1982. He is an American journalist known for his writings on climate change. Wells attended the University of Chicago and graduated from Brown University in 2004 with a degree in history. He is considered an opinionated writer.