English does not have a future tense. English tenses are expressed by inflections on the verb. T
I always wonder why any of my English teachers never told me there was not a future tense in English. Like why skip that part and why have us rely on terrible grammar books? This is my first time hearing this to be honest and I am shocked. How would the English world be if we had all three tenses instead of the two?
I have asked these questions of many students over the years. By far the most common answers are that tense has something to do with the time of the sentence and that there are three tenses: past, present, and future. Some people, perhaps remembering their foreign-language
Every time I hear of tense I always think of time (past, present, future) as well and sometimes when I write a paper I would mistakenly forget that if I am writing in past, present, or future tense that I cannot switch the tense and I have to stick with one. Which becomes such a harsh task but when I took a foreign language class (Spanish and Italian) the tenses was not as hard as challenging as it is in English. My question is how come understanding the different tenses in a foreign language is easier than understanding it in English?
Adjective phrases (AdjP) are phrases headed by adjectives, as the name implies. Like other phrases with a head, this head is the category the phrase is named for, and there must be exactly one element functioning as the head of the phrase: an adjective. Adjective phrases also permit adverb phrases as modifiers (which precede the adjective) and occasionally have prepositional phrases or subordinate clauses as complements.
I understand so far what I learned is that it seems like every parts of speech like an adjective works as a head in a phrase. Why do we always have to have one head of a phrase? How would a phrase change if it was more than one head?
Similarly, PPs that modify nouns are sometimes called adjectivals
Interesting point made here but how can we as scholars avoid confusing adjectives and ajectivals? I have a feeling I am going to be one of those students who will mistake adjectives as “ajectivals.”
Fred and Netherlands are instances of proper nouns. A proper noun is a type of noun that refers to a specific person, place, or thing (Evelyn, Cairo, Saturday, etc.) Common nouns refer to classes of things (cat, trash, stone, etc.) rather than particular ones. All nouns that are not proper are common.
The first set of nouns that I learned about in grade the school (elementary school) so my method of differing proper and common bound is that proper nouns everything is capitalize (Theresa, North Carolina, The Statue of Liberty etc.) and with common nouns (website, state, mountain) everything is lower case. In my opinion, these nouns are easy to understand and identify.
Count nouns can be either concrete items (computer, book, house, etc.) or abstract ideas (goal, belief, hope, etc.).
So from from my understanding we know that a noun is a person, place, or thing. But it can be a sometimes an ideaI object and now I know that the sometimes idea could be a count noun. My question is could a count noun be mistaken for a common noun?
The most common verb in English, and also the most irregular, is to be.
I always thought that the verb “to be” was the hardest verb of conjunction especially in languages “ English, Spanish, and Italian.” I always wonder why it is so hard to understand the phrase “to be” out of all verbs and now after reading this part of the chapter I was able to assume that the verb “to be” is difficult to understand right away because it is a irregular verb.
Reginald primped. [verb only]
Why is this sentence just “verb only” should it be noun + verb since Reginald is a proper noun? I get that the word “primped” is a verb but I don’t understand why the proper noun part of the sentence was not included.
You can also demonstrate phrase structure if the words will move as a unit. In other words, it is often possible to recast a sentence so that it still has more or less the same meaning but so that its elements appear in a different order. Sometimes, you can do this by simple rearrangement:
I noticed that most of the time sentences can be rearranged to make them either make sense or to show that whatever order that a person chooses to put the sentence in, it will always share the same exact meaning as the original sentence. My question is can rearranging a sentence become a challenge for students?
phrases, clauses, and sentences.
So what I am understanding is one constituents (phrases, clauses, and sentences) can not work without the other. What would happen if a sentence is missing a clause, would it effect a students ability to understand that given sentence?
Traditional grammars state that pronouns replace nouns, but it would be more accurate to say that they replace noun phrases.
Why do some people sometimes confuse nouns and pronouns? Does it have anything to do with the pronoun functioning as replacing a noun?
Most Latin grammars described eight parts of speech: nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections.
To be quite honest when I was taught parts of speech in elementary school I was taught (nouns, verbs, adjectives, and pronouns) so I believed those were the only forms of parts of speech, I had no idea that there were more. My question is why do some schools only focus on nouns, verbs, adjectives, and pronouns but throws the others parts of speech under a rug?
A third medium, although not one that occurs to most people immediately, is gesture, in other words, sign language
Why do they just include sign language as a hand gesture but they do not include hand gestures that are used in other languages?
For example, when I took Italian as a requirement for foreign language I was introduced to different hand gestures that was being used by Italians whenever they were communicating with either friends, family, or strangers. I mean sign language is a hand gesture but when we speak other languages like Italian, Spanish etc. we also, would use different hand gestures when communicating with others.
Like other sciences, linguistics constructs theories and tests the validity of these theories against empirical evidence
Would we consider linguists to be "the scientists of language?"
Children seem biologically primed to acquire a language as part of their development and lose this ability as they mature.
Do children lose their ability to speak their native language because of moving away from the environment where they language was used or does it have anything to do with having to abandon their native language do to having an hard time with language switching?
By the time children reach school age, they have already mastered the basic structures and vocabulary of their native language, even if their parents give them no special instruction.
How come some schools would forbidden students from using their native language? For example, I have a friend who was born and raised in Haiti, but the school in Haiti she attended forbidden her from speaking Creole (her mother's tongue) and she was only allowed to speak French only. I honestly could not imagine mastering my mother's tongue then, going to school a teacher telling me I have to speak this language and not my own (which I have seen first hand with my Spanish speaking etc. friends).
They would use generic annotations like awk or choppy, which indicated the teacher’s disapproval without providing any precise indication of why the writer’s wording was problematic.
I experienced this during my first semester of college when I took Eng 125, I had an hard time understanding my professor's comments on my papers when she could not even give me a proper explanation for why the things I have wrote in my papers were problematic. If we have so many grammar books/ writing books why do professors and teachers still struggle with their commenting on student's writing on their papers?
the greatest fear lest my fire should be extinguished. I covered it carefully with dry wood and leaves, and placed wet branches upon it; a
The monster is afraid of fire and does not know that he is not supposed to put the fire out when going to sleep and he does not have any knowledge on the purpose of a fire wood which is to keep people warm.
examined the materials of the fire, and to my joy found it to be composed of wood. I quickly collected some branches; but they were wet, and would not burn. I was pained at this, and sat still watching the operation of the fire.
Survival and learning how to survive based on the things that the monster has seen and learned from in the village. However, he lacks learning how to survive he thinks he knows what to do with the wood but he really doesn’t.
The moon had disappeared from the night
Imagery
Soon a gentle light stole over the heavens, and gave me a sensation of pleasure.
Seeing the light changes the mood of the monster.
Before, dark and opaque bodies had surrounded me, impervious to my touch or sight;
All the Monster sees is darkness and no light—-he is surrounded by nothing but darkness . People who are feeling down or depressed they are only surrounded by just darkness and no light. The darkness blocks the light and that only happens if your conscience allows you to do so.
Several changes of day and night passed,
Time changing. Time or change waits for no one. It also, shows a sense of time shifting or moving.
I quit forever the neighbourhood of man, and lead a harmless life,
The monster wants to quit being so destructive and harmful in the society. He actually wants to change/turn his life around.
you will have heard my story, and can decide
The monster has a story of his own that he wants to share with Victor. However, Victor could care less about the story that the monster has to tell him--it is up to Victor to decide if he wants to listen to his story or not.
Have I not suffered enough, that you seek to increase my misery
The monster had already put Victor through enough pain, that he had increased his level of misery that Victor can not take no more of it--the pain, the losts, and depression.
Abhorred monster! fiend that thou art! the tortures of hell are too mild a vengeance for thy crimes. Wretched devil! y
The monster is the devil to Victor from all the crimes he has committed anyone who has did murder or do evil is the devil in Victor's eyes.
But I scarcely observed this; anger and hatred
Seeing the monster only makes him angry and hate the monster even more--he has so much hate for the monster for destroying his life and making it a living hell.
As I said this, I suddenly beheld the figure of a man, at some distance, advancing towards me with superhuman speed.
The figure was the monster, that Victor saw.
in nature had indeed always the effect of solemnizing my mind, and causing me to forget the passing cares of life.
Victor started to see no value in life especially the way he was feeling currently pain and depressed.
and I wished to avoid him until I had recovered myself so far as to be enabled to conceal those feelings that overpowered me.
Victor wanted to avoid his father until he got himself together. But however, it was hard trying to get himself together when his emotions and feelings were defeating him by overpowering him.
The following morning the rain poured down in torrents, and thick mists hid the summits of the mountains.
The concept of the saying when it rains it pours. Basically bad things normally come in threes like death. Also, rain could show that both Justine and William made it home to heaven.
My father and Elizabeth were very much fatigued; Ernest, who accompanied us, was delighted, and in high spirits:
Victor’s father and cousin were exhausted when he met up with them in Chaxoinx. However, his little brother Ernest was in better spirits than they all were.
Pelissier
Allusion: Harry Anthony Compton Pelissier (27 July 1912 – 2 April 1988) was an English actor, screenwriter, producer and director.
Reference: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_Pelissier
God knows how deeply; but I am not so wretched as you are.
Only God knows and understands the pain that him and Elizabeth is both feeling at this difficult time.
Elizabeth was sad and desponding; she no longer took delight in her ordinary occupations; all pleasure seemed to her
Elizabeth was no longer the happy and joyful Elizabeth that we were introduced in the beginning of Frankenstein. We see that the deaths of Justine and William had effected her just as much as it did Victor.
Our house was the house of mourning
Victor and his family were grieving at this time dealing with both loses of both Justine and William.
. I had an obscure feeling that all was not over, and that he would still commit some signal crime,
Victor was aware that the monster was not done yet with being destructive, violent and deadly. Crime refers to the monster committing murders.
I lived in daily fear, lest the monster whom I had created should perpetrate some new wickedness
Victor still fears the monster and is aware that the monster is very wicked. The monster is the reason of him feeling like he is living in fear.
At these moments I wept bitterly, and wished that peace would revisit my mind only that I might afford them consolation and happiness.
All these sad and depressing emotions that Victor was feeling made him bitter. However, he did want to be bitter. But he was yearning for happiness, peace and consolation.
Sometimes, with my sails set, I was carried by the wind; and sometimes, after rowing into the middle of the lake, I left the boat to pursue its own course, and gave way to my own miserable reflections
Going sailing by the lake represented Victor’s way of self reflecting on the things that he had gone through after the destruction caused by the monster. He feels that he is miserable because of how sad and painful like is going for him. Also, going by the lake represents somewhere that he goes to clear his head.
About this time we retired to our house at Belrive.
Victor and his family returned back home where it all started in Beltrive such as his love for science as a child. Returning back home was the best thing for Victor to do especially during such a sad and difficult time.
My father observed with pain the alteration perceptible in my disposition and habits, and endeavoured to reason with me on the folly of giving way to immoderate grief
Victor's father understands the pain that his son is feeling and that he is not alone because he feels the same exact way that Victor is feeling which is sorrow and pain.
ll sound of joy or complacency was torture to me; solitude was my only consolation—deep, dark, death-like solitude.
The remorse has taken over the mind of Victor and completely feels that his life should not had been deserved or speared base off of all the trouble the creation of the monster has done to him and his family. All that is on his mind is guilt even when he hears the sound of joy. The feeling of guilt also, takes over Victor's mind because he blames himself for the deaths of William and Justine. Even though he did not kill them himself felt like he was responsible for their deaths since he created the monster. Victor finds peace in solitude and he depends on others for consolation. He feels like no one really understands the destruction and horror that he has created/ responsible for.
NOTHING is more painful to the human mind, than, after the feelings have been worked up by a quick succession of events,
Describing Victor's view point or point of view in regards after the deaths of William and Justine in the previous chapters. Victor is facing the after math and music of the feeling of an emotion that is painful. Death brings pain to the mind especially when it comes to your love ones and also sorrow brings pain to the mind.
The meaning of a poem may certainly be a personal one, in the sense that a poem expresses a personality or state of soul rather than a physical object like an apple.
Most of the time we see poetry as an outlet to express our personal thoughts or feelings.
practical messages, which are successful if and only if we correctly infer the intention. They are more abstract than poetry.
I think practical messages in poetry refers to the moral or purpose of a poem. Also, practical messages are significant to the intentions of a poet.
Poetry is a feat of style by which a complex of meaning is handled all at once. Poetry succeeds because all or most of what is said or implied is relevant;
Poetry allows a poet to have their own style to freely express meaning and also shape their poem the way they want it to be shaped. Once a poet is able to maintain and style their poem in their own special kind of way then their craft becomes relevant to its audience.
allusiveness
Definition: having reference to something implied or inferred; containing, abounding in, or characterized by allusions.