18 Matching Annotations
  1. Sep 2023
    1. The killed bacteria will attach to the bacteria-killing surface for a long time, provide nutrition for the subsequent bacteria, and decline the antibacterial ability

      killing bacteria will attach bacteria killing surfaces meaning after killing, most likely it'll be an antibacterial ability on that surface

    2. Bacteria are usually harmful to human health, causing various troublesome problems in many areas [[1], [2], [3]], such as water treatment, implant devices and wound healing

      bacteria can be very harmful to humans health due to them finding and attaching themselves to hosts, meaning they're more prone to have them around but there are treatments that can be found to help kill or heal those bacterias.

    1. . Contrasting with our bacterial results, this treatment did not have the lowest evenness among the treatment groups.

      most treatment would go through, but some bacterial results with this treatment don't have an evenness amount the treatment groups

    1. Bacteria have evolved a wide range of defence mechanisms to counteract phages and ensure their own survival (4). As a result, phage-resistant bacteria can rapidly emerge during phage therapy,

      bacteria has evolved so with that, phages are ensured for their own survival. bacteria can rapidly emerge through phage therapy meaning they can be found easily and put together

    2. Phage-resistant bacteria often emerge rapidly when performing phage therapy. However, the relationship between the emergence of phage-resistant bacteria and improvement in clinical symptoms is still poorly understood.

      phage-resistant bacteria often emerge rapidly when performing in phage therapy (doing really well) but aren't understood well in terms of clinical symptoms.

    1. Bacteriophages (BPs) are viruses that can infect and kill bacteria without any negative effect on human or animal cells

      Bacteriaphages being viruses that do not infect and kill bacterias or give negative effects on humans/animal cells.

    1. Phages infect bacteria and can propagate in two possible ways; lytic life cycle and lysogenic life cycle. When phages multiply vegetatively they kill their hosts and the life cycle is referred to as lytic life cycle

      Two life cycles of the bacteriophages, how they kill their hosts and what cycle they're referred to.

    1. Bacteriophages bind to and adsorb on specific receptors on the surface of their bacterial hosts before introducing their genetic material to begin viral propagation.

      Purpose of bacteriophages, what they do and how they host onto others.

    2. Viruses that infect and kill bacteria and have been identified as a possible alternative or complement to antibiotic treatment.

      this is the virus and what it does when being infected.

  2. Aug 2023
    1. Studies have shown promising results with phage isolated from hospital sewage against Enteropathogenic E. coli

      this is a study of what phages can do if they weren't close or near the hospital

    2. Multiple studies have been carried out for successful modification of phage in order to overcome certain obstacles and optimize their advantages as bactericidal agen

      these are the advantages of how bacteriophage work

    3. Wound infections following trauma are grouped as early infections caused by the exposure of wound to bacteria in the battlefield and late nosocomial infections that are acquired during medical care

      infections are reasons why scientists are discovering and studying them to aware and help others.

    4. They are primordial ubiquitous organisms found in diverse environment such as soil, water, feces etc [4,5]. Typically, bacteriophage morphology exhibit well defined three-dimensional structure. The genetic material is enclosed in an icosahedral protein capsid head, a tail (spiral contractile sheath surrounding a core pipe and a baseplate with tail fibers) and surface receptor proteins responsible to recognize specific surface molecules on the host bacterium [5].

      This annotation is where you can find the bacteriophages.

    5. Bacteriophages are viruses, the most abundant organisms and the natural predators of bacteria. They are self-replicating, obligatory intracellular parasites and inert biochemically in extracellular environment. They control the biosynthetic machinery of bacterial host and behest them to produce different viral proteins

      definition of bacteriophages.