20 Matching Annotations
  1. Oct 2020
    1. The flounderings of psychology, and the bickerings of psychologists, damage its prestige. It is not only behaviorists who fail to see forest and trees in proper relation, not only Freudians who run a temperature. No sooner was the meaning of glands for the mental life demonstrated than a glandular psychology reached the conclusion that Harding gave us an adrenal administration and Wilson a pituitary one. The call is clear and loud for leaders of a broader gauge to redeem psychology and give it its rightful place as a guide to human understanding. There are consoling reflections. A science that can endure the ravages of two such distempers as behaviorism and psychoanalysis and recover without permanent disfigurement must have a lusty constitution. Still more, when I dwell upon the rich heritage of supremely significant knowledge which is all entitled to be called psychology, and the vitality of the tasks awaiting the psychologists of the future, the winter of my discontent becomes tinged with the promise of a glorious summer, when all psychologists shall practise the sanity they preach.

      I think this is important because it shows that just because it had a negative effect on the people at the height of its popularity doesn't mean that that idea or theory should be shunned or forgotten, and for the most part it hasn't but by putting it all together it shows just how strong this science is and how promising the future of it will always be.

    2. The American temper comes to the fore in the huge overgrowth of applied psychology, passing by stages of Avernian descent from conclusions weakly based in principle to assertions definitely unprincipled. Taking the name of psychology in vain has become a national habit; and the vanity of much that comes out of the mills, in which are ground out doctors' dissertations neither slowly nor exceeding fine, is comic in its tragic air of consequence and its actual misdirection.

      This is important because it shows just how much the American population and American psychology was more into focusing on the application of something despite it having much foundation of data and proof to stand on. I think this is always important to note because America had a big impact in the middle years of psychology's life, as of right now, because of its taking so many ideas and just jumping right into them with no hesitation that in reality it probably helped some with refining the different ideas of psychology of that time.

    3. The present text-book chaos is the work of drifting pilots. They leave the student with the impression of a patch-work quilt whereas actually the mind is a tapestry.

      I think this is very significant to history because it represents a time when there was so much to try and put into a text book that all that information appeared to students as more of a jumbled mess when it was actually a delicately interwoven tapestry that when broken down can be critical to understanding all that is the history of psychology.

    4. the human mind will either elevate or exterminate the race

      I think this part is very powerful because what people do with the information that we discover could help us further understand the mind or lead to deterioration of it.

    5. That story appears in two versions, the one of the evolution of behavior, the other of the evolution of the nervous system, its counterpart. Life consists of feeling and thinking and the fusion of the two. The order, importance, and treatment of topics are thereby determined. Origins, mechanisms, service: these constitute the story of mind; everything relevant finds a place in that composition.

      I think this is important because it shows that what started as 2 branches of psychology and 2 different focuses should now be united because life relies on both forms and by unifying them it would be possible to weed through all that information and find what is relevant and what is more supplemental information.

    6. Devising a system seems to be the surest way to making a noise that shall be heard. The sooner systems and [p. 268] schools are relegated to the past the more promising the future, when the unity of psychology shall be accepted as a preamble to its declaration of independence and its enrolment among the league of the sciences.

      This is important to note because if the study of psychology was to create a more unified system then it would be more accepted and welcomed into the league fo sciences. Although I think it is important that the author mentioned that it should still refer to its beginnings and not forget its basic foundations.

    7. In 1909 Freud and Jung came to this country at Stanley Hall's invitation-in those days a bold step for Hall to take. This was the first important academic recognition of psychoanalysis. The same year is memorable for the transfer of Binet and Simon's mental tests to American soil. Their establishment gave the decisive impetus to the emergence of an applied psychology,

      This is important because as it so clearly states both Freud and Binet and Simon's ideas were brought to America. This is also important because of the recognition of different areas of psychology becoming more accepted and a willingness to expand the study of psychology from just books and papers to applying it in real life. This doesn't mean that there wasn't applied psychology just that the members of the study of psychology were more willing to accept this new aspect of psychology more so than before having seen the possibilities it presents.

    8. But though professional Freudians may disappear, the valid deposit of their doctrines will be absorbed into the accredited body of psychology

      I believe that this is important to note because even though the Freudian era was falling there developed more refined and credible forms of Freudianism that combined the basis of Freudianism along with working with other areas of psychology allowed for more accurate or understandable knowledge to be discovered and accepted into the study of psychology.

    9. Neither psychology nor civilization will ever return to a pre-Freudian stage.

      This is very important to note in the history of psychology because just as it says neither psychology nor civilization will ever return to a pre-Freudian stage. The era of Freudianism altered the understanding of psychology in a way that there was no going back. I believe this to be a major turning point in psychology's path and it definitely veered very far from what the author and other psychologists would believe to be the right path.

    10. To complement psychology and investigate unexplored areas is one thing; to ignore the rest of the psychic world and the labors of others is quite another; and the dialects of Jung and Adler increase the babel of tongues.

      Again I feel that this gentleman is expressing the exact same beliefs that I too have towards Freudianism and how it obviously ignored many other things beyond its sole focus.

    11. I have touched upon only some of the circumstances responsible for the chaotic appearance presented by psychology and the rationale of its failure to lead a respectable scientific life. Most remote from my intention is it to belittle Freud. I regard him as a master mind whose originality of insight has brought into the psychological picture an important illumination. I regret that [p. 266] the deficiencies in his logic, his ignorings, his flagrant misinterpretations of the precepts of a naturalistic psychology, have led him into woeful extravagance in application. This invited the disaster which his followers completed.

      I found this paragraph to be very funny and also very blunt. I laughed because as he so eloquently put it led him to woeful extravagance in application. I whole-heartedly agree with that because I knew about Freud's work before learning about the other areas and history of psychology. I also think this supports my idea that Freudianism was so popular in main stream society that it did invite disaster because it lead to some judging the whole study of psychology based on one area.

    12. Contemporary with the earthquake of behaviorism came the air raid of Freudianism. Strangely enough, in one point of attack -- the nursery -- they agreed. The infant was doomed by maternal conditioning in the one version, by a resurrected Œdipus incest in the other. No theological damnation of the innocents carried so awful a charge as "infant sexuality," "polymorphous pervert," hurled indiscriminately at all babes. Their later characters were destined to be molded, not by the influences of the schoolroom or the amenities of the drawing room, but by the intimate ceremonies customarily confined to the bathroom. Parents became bewildered by the antics of psychologists, popularized by news-value standards. The public forgot that the great body of safe and sane psychologists were quite otherwise minded and otherwise employed.

      This whole paragraph I believe is very important because I believe it shows how the American people at the time wanted a cure all solution for everything and when Freudianism was introduced it couldn't have arrived at a better time. It also showed how a small group of psychologist could make a whole study and the rest of its members become ostracized and labeled by one sole area of study. This had such a huge impact on the cultural understanding of psychology that I believe that for a long time it really affected how the public viewed the study of psychology.

    13. This was the conditioned reflex of a front-paged dog, whose saliva started rivers of ink and floods of uncritical theories. Conditioning became the universal solvent; the behavioristic redemption of mankind was at hand

      I definitely think this is very important to note in the history of psychology because this is when Pavlov's dogs experiment made the headlines in this technique was overworked on arrival as it says. Behavioralists ran with this idea and didn't bother trying to understand the difference between a dog and a human, at least that's how I interpret it, and they used it as a cure all for everything.

    14. In any meaningful sense substantially all American psychologists were behaviorists long before 1912, which Watson makes the year of annunciation of the dispensation, renunciation of the error of previous ways, and denunciation of the rest of his brethren. Unfortunately the Knight of Behaviorism has set his lance at an untenanted windmill. The fallacy of the behaviorist's formula lies in the omitted terms with the result that, were he consistent, his cupboard would be as bare as Mother Hubbard's;

      I think this is an important part to note in psychology's history because it makes it obvious that even then some people questioned the system of study for behavioralism because of its varying way of interpreting different situations and not having data to back that declaration up thus proving that it is very subjective in what it is looking at.

    15. I view its parentage more charitably. It represents a legitimate protest against the anti-naturalism of the orthodox psychology which was so long in the saddle

      This portion of the paragraph really confused me because to me the author continues to bounce back and forth on what he believes to be a true psychology or branch of psychology. I understand that he believes that the true path of psychology is not being followed but some of his comments are very confusing.

    16. Under this simple and lucid, but somewhat adolescent, dispensation there is no more need for psychology than for the theology that discovered in the apple the Fall of Man. The folly of behaviorism, fairly obvious in its premises, becomes glaring in [p. 265] its conclusion, which requires of its believers the courage to deny large areas of compelling fact. Heredity is nullified, insanity is made an illusion of the examining psychiatrist, imagery inconsistently becomes imaginary, and consciousness a phobia, avoided by defensive circumlocution

      To be honest this paragraph really seems very aggressive in the author expressing just how ludicrous he believes some areas are being conducted. Although I am getting tripped up by the wording and writing style of this time I am definitely confused on what he was trying to express here.

    17. labeled "naturalistic psychology." Its scope has expanded far beyond the vista of twenty years ago. The necessity of a name I deplore, for there is but one Psychology -- as there is one physics, one physiology; I am merely designating a basic position

      I think this is important to psychology's history is because it obviously shows that the author is acknowledging the fracturing of psychology into different branches. It was never meant to be idea to study, just like you can break down physics and physiology they can be broken down into different areas of study. Astrophysics is a part of physics but it isn't the only part of it. The same goes for both psychology and physiology.

    18. They may embody important and valid truths or trivial inconsequences or pretentious errors.

      Just because we have the numbers doesn't mean that we understand what that data is trying to show us. It's how we put that data to use. It can either reveal important ground breaking discoveries or useless numbers, it all depends on how you measure and how you interpret that information. This is important to the history because this gentleman obviously realizes how the study of psychology needed to be altered. We need to but both data and application together not separated.

    19. Some decades before there halt been an attempt to reduce psychology to measurement. It began with so lowly a performance as judging, by lifting, which of a pair of weights was the heavier and plotting endless series of "just observable differences."

      I think this portion is important for the history of psychology because it shows not just the inclines of psychology but also the declines and plateau in its history. It is also important because it lead to other psychologists to recognize what they wanted out of the study and it wasn't just statistics. It lead to psychology being lead down the wrong track apparently but I think that it was more the men of those times not wanting to branch out and explore the other applications that psychology could be used for and it is important to understand all the different view of the different founders of psychology to better grasp the current psychology we know today.

    20. congenial dimes of philosophy. G. Stanley Hall, psychologist for a lifetime, confessed his "growing dissatisfaction with the results and a growing uncertainty as to whether we are really on the right trails

      I feel at this portion William James admits that he feels what the study of psychology should have become is not occurring in fact he isn't even sure that it is even headed in the right direction at all and is very upset by this. I feel that this in the idea of how it is important in the history of psychology is that it shows that what was planned for this study is almost going in the exact opposite direction. It shows how psychology is evolving and taking on a life of its own which isn't exactly what either James or Hall want.