In 1985 though, Reagan secretly authorized the sale of arms to Iran, which was involved in a war with Iraq, in order to secure the release of a number of American hostages held by Islamic groups in the Middle East.

… These United States are confronted with an economic affliction of great proportions. We suffer from the longest and one of the worst sustained inflations in our national history. It distorts our economic decisions, penalizes thrift, and crushes the struggling young and the fixed- income elderly alike. It threatens to shatter the lives of millions of our people.

I promised you a president who is not isolated from the people, who feels your pain, and who shares your dreams and who draws his strength and his wisdom from you.

The “great, silent majority” was supposedly all of those Americans who were not participating in anti-war demonstrations and urban uprisings.

Since at least the turn of the twentieth century, when young, single women began to venture into America’s new urban establishments in large numbers, their presence in public was challenged.

There are millions of statistics like me. Some on welfare. Some not. And some, really poor, who don'teven know they're entitled to welfare. Not all of them are black. Not at all. In fact, the majorityabout two-thirdsof all the poor families in the country are white.

Then the President said he was leader of the largest andmost powerful nation of the world. What takes place in this country affects the whole world and theythought that was a good argument

We also examined the 1964 Civil Rights Act and how it outlawed discrimination on the basis of race, as well as the basis of sex.

Episode 94 (Numbers)

Episode 100 (Peregrinar)

Promise

That year, the U.S. had slightly over 200 million people and 78 million television sets. The networks had just switched to near total color programming. An estimated 20 million viewers got their news each night from the Huntley-Brinkley Report on NBC. CBS’s Walter Cronkite was right behind them.

“ When I first arrived, I arrived in Da Nang. And I’ll never forgot because I was only 18 years young. I was — you know, I was freshly out of high school. And at that time — I have to tell you this so you can have a picture of it because it wasn’t just cut and dry.

Throughout 1967, the bombing did not prevent the North Vietnamese from doubling their army in South Vietnam. The buildup on both sides essentially changed the war from a civil war between North and South to a war between the US and North Vietnam.

When the Panthers were targeted by the FBI, the UFW came to their defense, rallying in support of the party.

In 1966, James Meredith, the first Black student admitted to the segregated University of Mississippi, began a solo “March against Fear” across the state of Mississippi, to encourage voter registration.

And programs that gave a boost to struggling middle-class people, such as Medicare, remain highly popular, with few politicians willing to take them on directly despite their high costs.

Thus it is not enough just to open the gates of opportunity. All our citizens must have the ability to walk through those gates.

While these may not fit the classification of denials of civil rights exactly, they do indicate something of the attitudes of prejudice, and the quality of law enforcement in regard to Indians that exist under the white man’s law enforcement and court systems where there is no connection whatsoever with any Indian tribal council or tribal court.

However, unlike the New Deal, the Great Society was in response to prosperity rather than depression.

“We stand for the segregation of the races and the racial integrity of each race.”

New innovations like televisions, air-conditioners, automatic dishwashers, long-distance telephone calls, and air travel became part of the daily lives of Americans.

Sometimes it's best not to choose, to stay in the center, where you'll be safer than dead.

Duck and Cover

The use of this weapon remains controversial. Four years of war propaganda had dehumanized the Japanese enemy, so few Americans criticized the decision in 1945 to drop the bomb.

That changed over the next few years, particularly in 1943, when riots targeting black and Mexican-American workers in many cities brought racism against these groups to educators’ attention. A new kind of tolerance education took hold, rooted in “scientific” ideas about race. Where teachers’ descriptions of the “races” of Europe had been based on informal, popular understandings, this new strain leaned on anthropology.

In addition, the Issei parents’ letters describe their experiences, detailing the trip from the Pomona Assembly Center to the Heart Mountain incarceration camp,Wyoming, camp life and living conditions, and returning to California after the war.

conduct and control of alien enemies

The camp was administered by the War Relocation Authority (WRA)—the same federal agency responsible for administering Japanese internment camps in the US.

As the march grew closer—and under pressure from his wife Eleanor—Roosevelt conceded.

he believed that they offered the best possibility for recruitment.

Many Americans were convinced that their involvement in World War I had been a mistake.

Even government bureaucrats—who, in almost every other historical era, have been depicted as the precise opposite of rugged masculinity—became FDR’s “spirited bureaucratic sons,” heroically striving to put the country back to work.

Richardson and fellow artist MalvinGray Johnson planned to say more about the history and promise of blackpeople in a mural series called Negro Achievement, intended to be installed inthe New York Public Library's 135th Street Branch

The act instituted five key components. In this module, we will go into further detail about the programs in bold: Unemployment InsuranceOld Age Insurance Aid to the DisabledOld Age AssistanceAid to Families with Dependent Children

Only in the late 1960s did the protest verses come back into the public consciousness—and even today, many performances don’t include them.

the memory palace

There she sat in that lean-to tent with her children huddled around her, and seemed to know that my pictures might help her, and so she helped me.

In the eyes of many Americans, Hoover’s response to the Depression seemed inadequate and uncaring. Many of the president’s advisers told Hoover that economic downturns were a natural part of capitalism, as they weeded out unproductive firms and encouraged moral virtue among the less fortunate.

Prohibition changed everything. Private restaurant-nightclubs sprang up when saloons closed, and these establishments welcomed women.

In the 1920’s Americans across the country bought magazines like Photoplay in order to get more information about the stars of their new favorite entertainment media: the movies.

Freedom is a large word.

Women reformers emphasized the role of morality and women’s safety.

Originally, the idea of the Nature-Study Movement was to keep rural kids on the farm by teaching them to love the earth.

Exposed to all the dangers of war, but with none of its enthusiasms or splendid élan, he is condemned to sit like an animal in its burrow and hear the shells whistle over his head and take their little daily toll from his comrades.

The reasons why women should vote are the same as the reasons why men should vote are the same as the reasons for having a republic rather than a monarchy.

Military strategies had hoped that trench warfare would be less lethal than mobile attacks. However, during the first months of combat, trench warfare led to staggering losses.

Trotter called this segregation humiliating. Wilson responded firmly, exclaiming, “Your tone, sir, offends me.” Trotter was subsequently expelled from the premises.

Since he became the first African American to receive a doctorate from Harvard, Du Bois had amassed a formidable set of statistics on the socioeconomic plight of black people in America in the decades since the transition from enslavement to freedom.

It is for me to inform you that the Universal Negro Improvement Association is an organization that seeks to unite, into one solid body, the four hundred million Negroes in the world.

Hope also started the Neighborhood Union (NU) in 1908, to dispense social welfare services among African Americans. The NU provided many services associated with settlement houses of the period.

Kellogg’s Sanitarium Health Food Company provided special foods as well. Additionally, a penny lunch service was instituted: a bowl of bean soup with zwieback crackers, offered for a penny, went to an average of 500-600 people a day.

Ihopeyouwillreadthispamphletandfaithfullyfollowthesuggestionsitcontains.

EXICAN families are mal-nourished, not so much from a lack of food as from not having the right varieties of foods containing constituents favorable to growth and development.

The Court dismissed his argument, conceding that he may be scientifically classified as “Caucasian,” but in the popular conception there was no way he could be viewed as white.

Whereas the nineteenth century was characterized by attempts to curtail the “yellow peril” of China, the 1917 law was a response to demographic shifts at home

x x x lnen are not';;hj_te lf thestraln of color"ed. blood. ln thern ls a half or a quarterr orrnot lnrprobably, even less, 'lJre governlng test alvrays

During the early 1900s, Chinese immigrants were increasingly viewed as “illegal.”

The White House tried to discredit Miles’s report by saying it was misleading and driven by political ambition.

Take up the White Man’s burden

I have been criticized a good deal about the Philippines, but don’t deserve it. The truth is I didn’t want the Philippines, and when they came to us, as a gift from the gods, I did not know what to do with them.

the existence of an area of “free land”

During the late nineteenth century and early twentieth centuries southern blacks were exposed to truly incredibly levels of lethal violence, both at the hands of white mobs and within the white criminal justice system.

First in the Klansman’s mind is patriotism-America for Americans.

no colored man, no matter what his reputation, is safe from lynching if a white woman, no matter what her standing or motive, cares to charge him with insult or assault.

As states passed laws segregating by race passengers on rail cars and other forms of public transportation, African Americans saw their citizenship rights—and the real gains they had made under Reconstruction—slipping farther and farther away.

It may come as no surprise that Dr. Mitchell prescribed something entirely different for male neurasthenics. He sent them West, to the great outdoors.

and sent me home with solemn advice to “live as domestic a life as far as possible,” to “have but two hours’ intellectual life a day,” and “never to touch pen, brush, or pencil again” as long as I lived.

so I take pains to control myself-before him, at least, and that makes me very tired.

Muckrakers exposed corruption in city governments, revealed alliances between police and criminals, went undercover in sweatshops and slums to expose harsh living and working conditions, and taught consumers about food adulteration.

Indian school educators were painted as turncoats by Native families and seen as inferior by white people.

I fell asleep, heaving deep, tired sobs. My tears were left to dry themselves in streaks, because neither my aunt nor my mother was near to wipe them away.

"There is what the paleface has done! Since then your father too has been buried in a hill nearer the rising sun. We were once very happy. But the paleface has stolen our lands and driven us hither.

if a Native person was convicted of a crime, any white person could pay the bond.

reading other parts of Eastman’s book, it’s clear that he supported the rights of the Ghost Dancers

Up to our own day American history has been in a large degree the history of the colonization of the Great West. The existence of an area of free land, its continuous recession, and the advance of American settlement westward, explain American development.

I am tired of fighting. Our chiefs are killed. Looking Glass is dead. Too-hul-hul-sote is dead. The old men are all dead. It is the young men who say yes or no. He who led on the young men is dead. It is cold and we have no blankets. The little children are freezing to death. My people, some of them, have run away to the hills, and have no blankets, no food; no one knows where they are—perhaps freezing to death.

Under the Indian Removal Act, the US would pay for moving costs, provide support for their first year of residence in the West, and compensate individuals for the value of improvements they had made to the land they left behind.

Black writes that Hobo College and other institutions for marginal workers helped develop a critique of the “free labor” ideology that came to dominate the country after the Civil War.

Thus, inequality became part of the "natural order."

With German states providing the biggest market for champagne before 1850, French winemakers had recruited German apprentices and sales staff, only to have them start their own firms.

This resulted in a fundamental change to American diets as well as Americans’ relationships with the animals that became their food.

A brief respite came with the Civil Rights Act of 1870. Under this act, all peoples (except Indians) had to be treated equally under the law.

The black man is minimized and not part of the larger debate commanding the discussion at hand.

The State of California is an inseparable part of the American Union, and the Constitution of the United States is the supreme law of the land.

Navajo scholar Jennifer Denetdale has written about how Carson’s forces murdered Navajos who surrendered. Hearing stories about this practice, many Navajos refused to surrender.

According to Simpson, Reconstruction’s efforts were undermined by the “merciless violence” of white supremacy in the South and the indifference of white supremacy in the North.

Although you shot at me twice before I left you, I did not want to hear of your being hurt, and am glad you are still living. It would do me good to go back to the dear old home again, and see Miss Mary and Miss Martha and Allen, Esther, Green, and Lee. Give my love to them all, and tell them I hope we will meet in the better world, if not in this. I would have gone back to see you all when I was working in the Nashville Hospital, but one of the neighbors told me that Henry intended to shoot me if he ever got a chance.

free Negro, or mulatto shall fail or refuse to pay any tax levied according to the provisions of the 6th Section of this act, it shall be prima facie evidence of vagrancy, and it shall be the duty of the sheriff to arrest such freedman, free Negro, or mulatto, or such person refusing or neglecting to pay such tax, and proceed at once to hire

no one quite knew how a post-Civil War United States would look. Were formerly enslaved people going to be citizens? Would they be able to vote? Own property?

They’ll choose a shorter book, or a project on a familiar topic, in order to minimize the chance of doing poorly