towards narrowing the topic and delimiting their idea
first revision cycle
22 Matching Annotations
- Apr 2019
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irst draft to figure out what to say," and "a second draft to see the structure of an argument buried beneath the sur
first and second draft
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sis because "private examples would be less controversial and thus more per
private examples instead of public
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: new eyes to "re-view" their wor
make revisions from eyes other than their own
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ined, "I have learned from experience that I need to keep writing a first draft until I figure out what I want to say. Then in a second draft, I begin to see the structure of an argument and how all the various sub-arguments which are buried beneath the surface of all those sentences are
keep writing til you figure out what you want to say. See the structure of an argument and find the sub-arguments
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Revising
never fall in love with your writing, change with time
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Rewriting:
word choice and phrasing
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Rewriting
language constantly changes
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Rewriting
think, respond, make decisions, and restructure
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“SKEPTICSMAYOBJECT”shouldnolongerfacecriminalsanctions.Wemustshiftourentireapproachtodrugabusefromthecriminaljusticesystemtothepublichealthsystem.Congressshouldappointanindependentcommissiontostudytheharm-reductionpoliciesthathavebeenadoptedinSwitzerland,Spain,Portugal,andtheNetherlands.ThecommissionshouldrecommendpoliciesfortheUnitedStatesbasedononeimportantcriterion:whatworks.InanationwherepharmaceuticalcompaniesadvertisepowerfulantidepressantsonbillboardsandwherealcoholcompaniesrunamcisingbeeradsduringtheSuperBowl,theideaofa“drug—freesociety”isabsurd.LiketherestofAmericansociety,ourdrugpolicywouldgreatlybenefitfromlesspunishmentandmorecompassion.ERic’SCHLCJSSER,“APeople’sDemocraticPlatform”2.Lookoversomethingyou’vewrittenthatnkcsanargument.Checktoseeifyou’veanticipatedandrespondedtoanyobjections.Ifnot,reviseyourtexttodoso.Ifso,haveyouanticipatedallthelikelyobjections?Whoifanyonehaveyotiattributedtheobjectionsto?Haveyourepresentedtheobjectionsfairly?Haveyouansweredthemwellenough,ordo‘youthinkyounowneedtoqualifyyotirownargument?Couldyouuseanyofthelanguagestiggestedinthischapter?Doestheintroductionofanaysayerstrengthenyourargument?Why,orwhynot?“SOWHAT?WHOCARES?”
Readers always need to know what what is at stake in a text and why they should care -writers and speakers assume that audiences will know the answers or figure them out Problem is not necessarily that the speaker lacks a clear thesis -instead the speakers don’t address the question of why their arguments matter All writers need to answer the so what? And who cares? Upfront The two questions get at the same thing: relevance or importance of what you’re saying -who cares ? : identifies a person/group who cares about your claim -so what? : asks about the real-world applications and consequences of your claim. What difference would it make if they were accepted Who cares -Grady reflects the central advice we give in the book, offers a clear claim and framing that claim is a response to what someone else has said -acknowledges that her text is a part of a bigger conversation and shows who besides herself has an interest in what she says Templates for indicating who cares : -explicitly writing “ who cares “ -to gain greater authority, helps to name specific people or groups who have a stake in your claim and go into details about their views -refer to people who should care about the claim -templates help you create a dramatic tension or clash of views in your writing that readers will feel invested in and want to see resolved ❗️ So what? : -appeal to something your audience already cares about, link your argument to some larger matter that readers already deem important Templates for explaining why your claim matters -help u hook your readers What about readers who already know why it matters ? -if u take for granted that your readers will intuit the answers on their own, you may make your work seem less interesting than it actually is and run the risk your readers will dismiss your text as irrelevant and unimportant -urging your audience to keep reading, pay attention and care
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- Mar 2019
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definedbyeveryoneelseandcontinuetobeslandereddespiteeasy-to-look-up-on-the-internetfactsabouttherealitiesofourhistoriesandcurrentstateasapeopl
defined by everyone and slandered despite being able to look up our history
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Moreofanything.Moreofeverything.Anditjustkeptrolling
don't get what it's looking for
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Thehea
the mom's head ?
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IVIymothertastesoldersistertoldhimit’sjustdeermeat
eating their mother
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foundherinthelake,withawatermonster,kething,wrappedaroundherinanembrac
water monster?
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feastincelebration,andthegovernordeclareditadayofthanksgiving
"successful massacres" = thanksgiving
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tosymbolizeeternaltndredIndiansdroppeddeadthatnightfrom
symbolize friendship = two hundred Indians died from unknown poison
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Itwasaland-dealmeal
Thanksgiving = land-deal meal
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Inpracticingargumentasjourney,youbeginwiththegoalofansweringaquestionorsolvingaproblem(that’syourdestination);youponderpossibletrajectories;youdoresearchandrethinkyourplan;youlearnmoreandmore;youwrite,makemistakes,andheadoffinnewandunanticipateddirections;youmakediscoveries;youdefineaclearerpurposeandpath;youfigureouthowyouwanttoansweryourcentralquestionorsolveyourproblem
practicing as a journey
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inning,orgettingagoodgrade,isthegoal—notthoughtfulness,notdiscovery,notlearning
the goal
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graphicnarrativeallowedhertoreproducethemultipleperspectivesthatareever-presentinreallife
graphic narrative allows one to reproduce the perspectives in real-life
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Thedistinctionmatters:ifargumentcomesfirst,thenwritingissimplytranscription.Ifwritingcomesfirst,thentheargumentemergesthroughtheprocessofengagingwithandrespondingtowriting—one’sownandthewritingofothers
argument first=writing is transcription writing first=argument emerges through the process of engaging and responding
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