cadinality

selection in SQL.

projection in SQL.

should

n retrieved.

Exercise

f"insert $p isa person, has full-name $fn, has email $e; $fn == '{name}'; $e =

"match $u isa user; fetch $u: full-name, email;"

f""" match $fn == '{name}'; $u isa user, has full-name $fn; $p($u, $pa) isa permission; $o isa object, has path $fp; $pa($o, $va) isa access; $va isa action, has name 'view_file'; get $fp; sort $fp asc; """

True

.clone()

See the full schema listing

See the full Insert query listing

connect_to_typedb

new_database

create_new_database

connect_to_typedb

Example

pip install typedb-driver

Follow the steps below or see the full source code.

insert delete

Only the first one will be successfully executed.

Lesson 7.1 (coming soon).

You should complete Lesson 2 before starting this lesson.

match fetch attribute isa has entity relation isa! sub sub! owns relates plays

TypeQL is flexible enough that we could certainly do so if we wanted, but it is not particularly useful to and there are certain practical considerations that make the syntax tricky to use correctly. While learning the basics of TypeQL, it is best to avoid relates statements of this kind.

Everything has a type, and so everything can be a variable.

If you see this result, you’ve set up everything correctly and are ready to begin learning how to read data in Lesson 3.

ff, open a

Inferred data is only generated once, so results returned are never redundant.

Rule inference functions on deductive reasoning,

resolved

locating

Parametric polymorphism

The defining feature of parametric statements is that they do not include any type names, except for the root type keywords entity, relation, and attribute

While these queries are purely parametric, it is also possible to write non-parametric queries that include parametric statements, as we will see shortly.

is particularly useful for parametric queries, but

Parametric queries do not represent questions in the business domain, and are typically used to perform administrative procedures or database analytics.

Parametric queries are unique in that they are valid over any schema.

hey match particular data by structure rather than by semantics.

in the schema that

locating

type of ISBN we are providing.

querying their supertypes, as

all three of these types are subtypes of book, which was the type we specified for $book

Polymorphism in TypeDB

type hierarchies

Allows us to define interfaces that can be implemented independently in the schema and then query those interfaces declaratively.

m. In the following query, we adjust the previous query to retrieve the titles and page counts of all books.

in Lesson 2.2.

A data class has methods to traverse between data objects by retrieving all owned attributes, all relations played in and respective roles.

Use type’s label to retrieve the type object. For example, to get a stateful object of the user entity type, use:

Full example

Traverse between data objects

Add data

Get data

Query data

Data objects

let users = transaction.

Explanation objects ContentsExplainablesExplain queryExplanationFull exampleLearn more

Add a type

Get a type

Get the type by its label

Query for types

Send a Get query

retrieving all rules, printing label, condition (when) and conclusion(then), adding a new rule, retrieving a rule by its label, and deleting a rule.

Retrieve all rules in a schema:

Retrieve a rule by its label:

The above example set the user type as the supertype to the admin type, making admin a subtype of user.

drop

Type manipulation

get/set label, get/set supertype, get subtypes, get ownerships, get roles played, etc.

Send a Get query that returns type concept(s).

retrieving a type by its label, adding type, changing supertype, and retrieving all subtypes of a type.

Use type’s label to retrieve the type object. For example, to get a stateful object of the user entity type, use:

To add a new

The above example retrieves all entity types in a database (as subtypes of the entity root type).

See below an example of schema manipulation using driver API methods.

The above example adds an attribute type tag of a String value type and adds ownership over it for all non-abstract entity types that directly subtype the root entity type.

To delete a type, open the Type Editor window by double-clicking on the selected type in the Type Browser. At the very bottom, click the Delete button and then the Confirm button.

To rename a type, open the Type Editor window by double-clicking on the selected type in the Type Browser. At the very top, click on the pencil icon immediately right from the type name. Edit the name in the Label field and press the Rename button to save the changes.

Type Editor is a powerful instrument that combines easy to use GUI with API calls that can modify schema directly, without TypeQL queries. With Type Editor, it’s much easier to rename a type or change type hierarchy by changing a supertype of a type. And it works even for types that already have data inserted for them.

You can rename a type, change its supertype, change whether it’s an abstract type, add or remove owned attributes, related roles, played roles, as well as just delete a type or export its full definition.

The easiest

How to send a query with inference

How to define a rule

See the respective

There are modifiers

The easiest way to send a

How to send a Get query

concept

How to send a Fetch query

The example above checks the response of an insert query and commits the changes only if the number of inserts is equal to the expected number (1). Otherwise, it closes the transaction without committing the changes.

Estimate the number of inserts with a read query

An insert clause is executed once per every result matched by the match clause of the same Insert query. If the match clause is omitted, then the insert clause is executed exactly once.

How to send an Insert query

Check the response

To process the response

The easiest way to check

Alternatively, you can estimate the number of inserts in an Insert query with a match clause by running a dedicated Fetch or Get query with the same match clause in the same transaction. Read queries can be used in a write transaction, and write transactions are snapshoted, preventing data changes committed in other transactions from influencing the results.

ConceptMap object

The easiest way to send an Insert query is to use Studio or Console:

Estimate the number of inserts with a read query

Alternatively, you can estimate the number of inserts in an Update query with a match clause by running a dedicated Fetch or Get query with the same match clause in the same transaction. Read queries can be used in a write transaction, and write transactions are snapshoted, providing isolation from changes made by other transactions.

The delete clause of an Update query is executed the same number of times as the insert clause, but if a concept specified for deletion is no longer present in a database for any reason, that would not produce an error. The query will continue its execution.

Both delete and insert clauses are executed once per every result matched by the match clause of the same Update query.

Update query ContentsHow to send an Update queryResponse interpretationCheck the responseEstimate the number of inserts with a read queryLearn more

Estimate the number of deletes with a read query

How to send a Delete query

should

You can estimate the number of deletes in a Delete query by running a dedicated Fetch or Get query with the same match clause in the same transaction. Read queries can be used in a write transaction, and write transactions are snapshoted, preventing data changes committed in other transactions from influencing the results.

A delete clause is executed once per every result matched by the match clause of the same Delete query.

How to send a Define query

This page assumes you’ve already followed instructions from the Connecting to TypeDB section pages. Here, you’ll see how to u

How to send an Undefine query

Query types and sessions/transactions

Transaction management

Commit a transaction

A commit can fail if an inconsistency arises, like a concurrent modifications by another successful commit. A failed commit closes the transaction.

the variable

Closing transaction doesn’t save any changes made within the transaction.

Close a transaction

To open a transaction, you need to select a transaction type and use an open session. Optionally, you can set transaction options.

Open a new transaction

logically coherent

Session management

blocks

Open a new session

To see how to close an open session, see below.

most flexible

To open a session to a database, you need to have a connection to the server and know the name of the database.

A network connection to TypeDB Core requires the address and port of the server to connect to.

let driver = Connection::new_core("127.0.0.1:1729");

Learn more

A network connection to a TypeDB Cloud cluster requires address and port of at least one server in the cluster, as well as username and password of a user.

TypeDB Studio

Prepare a query in a tab Run a query from a tab See the results of your query in all available output formats

Run a query

If the explain button is inactive, double-check that Studio is connected to TypeDB, a database is selected with a drop-down list in the toolbar, and the infer and snapshot buttons are on.

it

It

Exporting rules is not supported by this button yet.

root types

Both ways require you to commit the changes by the Commit () button at the top toolbar.

Type Editor is a powerful instrument that combines easy to use GUI with API calls that can modify schema directly, without TypeQL queries. With Type Editor, it’s much easier to rename a type or change type hierarchy by changing a supertype of a type. And it works even for types that already have data inserted for them.

Given a schema session

You can rename a type, change its supertype, change whether it’s an abstract type, add or remove owned attributes, related roles, played roles, as well as just delete a type or export its full definition.

green lining

Session type () switch — selects a session type to use for queries.

()

Learn more

let databases = DatabaseManager::new(driver);

To create a new database, follow the steps below:

CLoud

TypeDB Console ContentsConnect to TypeDBInteractive modeServer levelTransaction levelExampleNon-interactive modeExampleScriptingExampleTroubleshootingNon-ASCII charactersReferencesConsole CLI argumentsServer level commandsTransaction level commandsTransaction optionsVersion Compatibility

Address to which Console will connect to: IP address and IP port separated by colon. Default value: localhost:1729. (TypeDB Core only)

section

section

script.txt is the path to the file.

--script=script.txt

script.txt

The above example creates a database with the name typedb, defines a schema with the person type, then inserts an instance of the person type into the database.

typedb console

Run Console in

You are now in TypeDB Wonderland!